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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

從行為激勵層面探討責任會計制度下之成本分攤

羅清泉, LUO, GING-GUAN Unknown Date (has links)
第一章:緒論 本章說明傳統成本分攤方法之缺失,及傳統財務控制系統不考慮非貨幣性資訊之後果 。 第二章:責任會計制度下之成本分攤 本章說明在責任會計制度中,成本分攤注重激勵面,以誘導員工產生受期望的行為, 以促進組織積效,完成組織目標。 第三章:成本分攤之操作層面 首先探討傳統的分攤模型,進而引用目標規劃之觀念,導出成本分攤操作之一般化模 型,說明成本分攤之操作及分攤基礎應如何選擇。 第四章:成本分攤之行為面(一) 引用心理學及行為科學上的學習理論及激勵理論,說明欲誘導員工產生期望行為,應 如何設計分攤程序。 第五章:成本分攤之行為面(二) 引用行為加權之概念,將組織非貨幣性資訊納入財務控制系統中,以決定分攤基礎, 使分攤能兼顧操作面及行為面。使分攤有助於組織控制之發揮。 第六章:新模式之實行 本章說明採新模式分攤時,應注意的細節。 第七章:結論 說明新模式之可行性及其效用。
2

歸因理論在管理控制系統中之應用

姜家訓, JIANG,JIA-XUN Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在應用歸因理論探討管理控制系統之回饋過程中所隱含的認知因素。歸因理 論認為:社會環境中之個人為了控制其所處環境,會計法蒐集相關的資訊線索來推論 造成他人或自己行為結果之原因,而其所做之歸因判斷會影響其對於他人或自己未來 行為結果之預期與其未來在特定社會情境下所採取的反應。木研究應用了歸因理論的 觀念與命題探討管理控制系統所產生之回饋性資訊對於主管與部屬推論績效差異原因 的影響,以及主管與部屬對於差異厚因之判斷對於後績之差異調查行動、績效評估、 部屬之激勵水準以及主管與部屬之互動關係的影響。 本研究包括兩大部分:第一、經由文獻探討建立管理探制系統之歸因模式,並提出一 組系統化的命題;第二、針對所提出的若干命題進行實證研究,包括二項實驗。 第一項實證研究乃是以實地實驗的方式,由40位製造業生產部門之主管與領班填答一 份開放式問卷,請其就問卷所描述之生產績效結果 (包括產量與不良率兩項) ,判斷 造成差異的可能原因,並列出其於進行差異調查時所欲蒐集的資訊種類。此項實驗之 目的乃在檢驗歸因理論在管理控制系統之適用性,俾做為進一步應用歸因理論其他命 題與設計第二項實驗的基礎;此外,亦檢驗主管與領班在判斷差異厚因與資訊蒐尋行 為上是否存有系統性差異,以及回饋性資訊之結果不明確 (ambiguous)時對於判斷差 異原因的影響。 第二項實驗研究係以實驗方式,由100 名左右具實務經驗的企管進修班學生填答一份 問卷。請其就問卷所描述之個案與生產績效結果 (人工效率差異) ,判斷能力、努力 、工作難度與連氣四項因素對於造成人工效率差異的相對影響,並請其從問卷所列的 20項問題中依優先順序挑出在差異調查過程中最想了解的10項問題。此項實驗之目地 乃在檢驗區別性,一致性與同意度三項資訊線索對於受試者判斷差異原因的影響,以 及受試者對於差異之初步歸因與其後續之資訊蒐尋行為(即差異調查)的關係;此外, 亦檢驗主管與部屬有判斷差異原因與資訊蒐尋行為上是否存有系統性差異。 本研究希望經由歸因理論探討管理控制系統之回饋過程潛在的問題點,期有助於進一 步透過制度設計、管理方法與會計資訊之改善提高管理控制系統之功能。
3

服務部門轉型為虛擬利潤中心之管理控制系統 -以某汽車公司為例

邱奕淳 Unknown Date (has links)
於日益嚴峻之企業營運環境下,企業內屬輔助性質之服務部門角色功能便顯得日益重要。然服務部門於企業內多歸類於費用中心,多屬被動提供服務之性質,往往較缺乏創造收入與協助組織策略達成之思維。 虛擬利潤中心概念為將非屬利潤中心特質之單位,採利潤中心之管理與績效衡量概念,以發揮激勵部門提升自身價值的效果。 個案公司於實施平衡計分卡架構下,於服務部門導入虛擬利潤中心制度。本研究採個案研究方式,針對制度導入時,管理控制系統所扮演的角色功能進行研究,並探討服務部門實施虛擬利潤中心制度過程可能產生之問題、特質與效益。 本研究發現,服務部門導入虛擬利潤中心制度時,以提供「資訊回饋之溝通與激勵」最為重要。此制度增加了員工顧客導向之思維,並提升其收入創造與成本之認知。然服務部門之性質差異,會影響虛擬利潤中心制度之導入。 / As the operating environment for businesses is becoming harsher, the role and functions of businesses’ shared service unit, which provide assistance for businesses, are appearing to be more and more important. However, internal service sector of businesses are often cost centers, which mostly provide services passively and lack the cogitation about making profit for the businesses and assisting the businesses’ strategies to be successfully practiced. The concept of pseudo-profit center is to manage non-profit center by adopting profit center’s way of management and its concept of performance measure for the purpose of inspiring each sector to promote its own value. The company in the case manages its shared service unit by introducing the system of pseudo-profit center under the scheme of balanced scorecard. The thesis is a case study about the function of the management control system during the course of introducing the pseudo-profit center system. Furthermore, the thesis also discusses the special features, the benefit, and the problems that might happen during the course of introduction. The study reveals that when introducing the system of pseudo-profit center into the shared service unit, the most important factor is the supply and the feedback of information. The system triggers the employees to be customer-oriented and to be more aware of making profit and saving cost. However, the different nature of the shared service unit affects the introduction of pseudo-profit center system.
4

建構派翠網路封閉形式解決方案的序曲:從變型K-階S3PR系統開始 / The overture of constructing the closed-form solution for Petri Nets: begin from the variant k-th order S3PR system

游宗憲 Unknown Date (has links)
因應物聯網、機器人和雲端計算等系統快速的科技創新,我們需要更有效之方法來模型化由上述系統所架構出來愈趨複雜的動態資源配置系統,以解決類似瓶頸、死結等潛藏的系統控制相關問題。為了解決以派翠網路模型化大型系統一直存在的指數倍數成長之複雜性問題,一個即使運用MIP(混合整數規劃)方法於可達性分析也是完全NP(非確定性多項式時間)的問題,趙玉教授率先以開發k階和k網系統的控制相關狀態(CRSs)數量之封閉形式解決方案(簡稱封閉解),來突破此一指數倍數成長複雜性的障礙。然而,對稱網路結構的屬性,限縮了此兩系統在模型化系統中可應用的範圍;同時由於不可避免的死結的狀況,也阻礙了兩個系統的並行處理能力。為了延伸派翠網路封閉解的研究領域至非對稱系統,及強化對大型即時動態資源分配非對稱系統的模型化能力,本論文擴展派翠網路封閉解的研究領域至所謂的「左邊一般化k階系統」、「左邊一般化k網系統」和「A網系統」等三種不同類型的基本非對稱系統。「左邊一般化k階(相對於k網)系統」是在k階(相對於k網)之控製行程的任意位置,使用一非共享資源的網路模型,為模型化具有客製化製程系統之基本網路架構; 「A網系統」是在一k階系統中,連接一頂層非共享圈子網(TNCS)的網路模型,在實際應用中,為模型化具共享相同製程系統的基本網路架構。本論文透過非共用資源在等價網路(k階(相對於k網))的影響性分析,及其等價網路之封閉解為基礎,建構「左邊一般化k階(相對於k網)系統」之封閉解;在「A網系統」中,由於TNCS和連接的缺陷 k階系統兩個子系統的獨立性,首先我們可以從其相關之k階系統的封閉解中,排除不可能狀態的數量,推導出缺陷k階系統的封閉解,然後以累計加總缺陷k階系統及TNCS兩個子系統在各種TNCS中存在不同權杖個數狀況下的封閉解乘積,構建出「A網系統」的封閉解。在實際應用中,我們可透過由封閉解所產生之即時CRS信息,強化對大型動態即時資源分配系統的模型化能力。例如,採用本論文所提出的避免死結演算法,可以在不用附加控制器之狀況下,實現k階和k網系統之並行處理的功能;並且可以在k-網系統中,在不用暫停所有系統的工作流程狀況下,實現動態行程配置的功能。除了應用虹吸計算方法構建非對稱系統的基礎封閉解外,本論文還提出了依據其反向網路被驗證的有效信息為基準,新的由模型驗證之以知識基礎的理論分析方法,加速派翠網路封閉解的建構。在此,本論文開啟了以變型k階系統為啟端,建構派翠網路封閉解新的研究時代。 / In the light of the rapid innovation of the Internet of Things (IoT), robot systems, and cloud computing systems, we need an efficient methodology to model gradually more and more complicated, real-time resource allocation systems (RAS), constructed using the systems mentioned above, for solving issues such as bottlenecks, deadlocks, and other embedded system-control-related problems. To solve the exponentially increasing complexity in the persistent problem of modeling large systems using Petri nets, which is an NP (nondeterministic polynomial time)-complete problem even when MIP (mixed integer programming) is employed for reachability analysis, Chao broke this barrier by developing the first closed-form solution (CFS) for the number of Control Related States (CRSs) for k-th order and k-net systems. However, the properties of symmetric net structures limit their application range in modeling systems; the inevitable deadlock obstructs the capability of concurrent processing in both systems. To enhance the capability of modeling large dynamic, real-time resource allocation in asymmetric systems, this dissertation extends the research on the CFS of PNs to the so-called Gen-Left k-th order system, the Gen-Left k-net system, and the A-net system, which comprise the three different types of fundamental asymmetric systems. A Gen-Left k-th order (resp. k-net) system is a k-th order (resp. k-net) system containing a non-sharing resource (NSR) at arbitrary locations in the control process, which is the fundamental net structure for modeling contained customized manufacturing processes inside a system. An A-net system is a k-th order system connected to a Top Non-sharing Circle Subnet (TNCS), which is the fundamental net structure to model a shared common manufacturing processing system in real applications. Based upon analyzing the effects of one NSR in the equivalent, the corresponding k-th order (resp. k-net) system, and an equivalent CFS, this dissertation derives the CFS for the Gen-Left k-th order (resp. k-net) system. Due to the independence of the TNCS and the connected Deficient k-th order system, we can first derive the CFS for a Deficient k-th order system just by excluding the number of impossible states from the CFS for its corresponding k-th order system. Then, the CFS of an A-net is constructed by summing the products of the CFS for the two sub-systems in each different case under the condition of the number of tokens inside TNCS. Based on real-time CRS information derived, we can enhance the capability for modeling a large dynamic, real-time resource allocation system in real applications. Employing the proposed deadlock-avoidance algorithm, for instance, we can realize concurrent processing in both k-th order and k-net systems without additional controllers being implemented; and the function of dynamic process allocation in a k-net system without suspending the system’s working flows. In addition to applying siphon computation to construct the fundamental CFS for asymmetric systems, this dissertation pioneers and proposes a new knowledge-based, analysis methodology, called proof by model, to accelerate the construction of the CFS for a PN based upon the validation information from its reverse net. This dissertation opens a new research era for constructing the CFS for PNs beginning from the Variant k-th order system.

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