政務官面對急速變遷的環境，必須洞察時代的脈動，妥為因應，才能永續發展組織的業務。因此，不論工作計畫的擬定、問題的解決、或危機處理，必須掌握先機，蒐集資訊，並運用決策模型，縝密分析後採取行動，才能達到預期的目標，而正確的決策，對於機關業務的推動，更具關鍵性的影響。 　　本研究主要採取文獻探討、比較分析、深度訪談等研究方法。為能更深入了解我國政務官決策之方法、過程及面臨之困境，本研究參考決策相關理論，諸如，認知性決策過程、理性選擇、結構式溝通、利益團體、影響決策過程因素、政治系統過程等問題設計訪談題綱，並抽樣分別向行政院所屬相關部會，如法務部、經濟部、教育部、大陸委員會、勞工委員會、青年輔導委員會、蒙藏委員會等機關首長深度訪談，從其決策經驗及實案分析，以了解其決策之模型，並避免本研究流於理論之空談。 　　本研究發現：一、政務官在決策前，對於政策都能充分理解。二、政務官的決策方式，都有採用有限理性模型。三、政務官的決策方法，都有採用群體決策。四、政務官對於利益團體的活動，都認為有其必要性。五、政務官認為影響其決策的因素，可歸納為時間的壓力、輿論的反應、預算的通過、高層意見、立法院、法律限制等。六、政務官對於國內的政治生態環境皆能適應。 　　根據文獻探討及深度訪談發現，本研究提出以下建議，作為政務官決策之參考：一、理解政策問題。二、確定政策目標。三、建構備選方案。四、設定篩選準則。五、爭取政策支持。六、監督政策執行。 / Government officials especially for those who are responsible for ministerial portfolio have to make decisions in response to the constantly changing environment. Hence, it requires takes excellent foresight, good data mining skills, superior strategic models and deliberate analysis to draft plans, solve problems, and deal with the crisis. Making the right decision serves as the key factor in the process of successful governance. 　　In this research, the author applies the methods of literature review, comparative analysis, and in-depth interview in order to understand the decision-making process, decision methods, as well as decision dilemma confronting ministerial officials with portfolio. Further more, this research uses relevant decision -making theories, such as cognitive decision process, rational choice, structured communication, and factors affecting decision-making process, such as interest groups & political system process. Based on the parameters of literature review, the author designs the outlines of interviews and selects ministerial officials with portfolio from the ministry of justice, ministry of economic affairs, ministry of education, mainland affairs council, national youth commission, and Mongolian and Tibetan affairs commission and conducts in-depth interviews. 　　There are several important findings derived from our 〝empirical〞case studies. First, before a government official makes his decision, he has a full grasp with the policy issue. Second, the decision models of government officials are mostly based on limited-rational model. Third, government officials often make decisions based on group consensus. Fourth, government officials think it is necessary to take opinions of interest groups into account. Fifth, government officials spend a lot of time in response to public pressure, budget & legal constraints demands of Legislative Yuan and in fathoming the attitudes of higher authorities before they make their decisions. Sixth, most government officials are quite accustomed to the political environment. 　　According to our literature review and in-depth interviews, this study makes the following suggestions before a government official makes his or her policy decision. First, fully comprehend the content and implications of a policy. Second, set an objective for the policy. Third, keep a substitute project on hand. Forth, set criteria or standards for policy implementation. Fifth, to garner for support from government and related actors. Sixth, monitor the execution of a policy.

美國食品藥物管理局2008年六月初提出正式警告，認為牙醫使用之汞齊將導致懷孕、哺乳中的婦女、六歲以下的兒童、免疫力不全的民眾身體產生病變，蛀牙時最好避免使用汞齊補牙，FDA也將在 2009年七月討論是否禁用汞齊。在此之前，北歐國家挪威、瑞典已相繼在今年立法通過，禁止製造、輸入、販賣與使用汞齊合金。本文以牙醫使用汞齊補綴病患牙齒所可能造成的環境汙染為研究個案，希望能瞭解長期以來汞齊所存在的爭議？政府為何需要且如何制定管制政策？以及在制定合宜管制政策的過程中，需要考慮哪些影響因素？本文採用深度訪談、文獻分析與參與觀察等方式，藉由政策管制理論和市場機制為分析架構，以擬定管制政策的最適方案。並利用專家學者、利害團體、政府官員與牙醫師的意見，瞭解管制機構本身的運作能力、被管制者的態度意向和政策環境的其它干擾因素。研究發現，汞齊管制政策的制訂有賴管制理論與市場機制的互補，而政府已具備管制的經驗與能力，唯管制的共識與危機意識仍需要政府與業者的持續教育與養成。在汞齊長期處於爭議的情況下，步驟性的管制汞齊將可避免嚴重的社會衝擊，師法先進國家的管制政策並因地制宜可為政策制定的第一步，最重要的仍是政府必須具有政策創新與整合的魄力和決心。而針對台灣現存牙醫診所與環境汙染的問題，相關的改善方案與配套措施，以及政策制定前的前導計劃，也值得政府後續的重視與研究。 / According to the warning from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2008, the amalgam (mercury containing) filling used in dentistry may pose risk to pregnant, breast feeding women, children under 6 years old, and those persons who have suppressed immunity. FDA will be holding a discussion forum to determine whether to ban amalgams in July, 2009. By this time, amalgams have been prohibited to be produced, imported, exported, sold and used in Norway and Sweden. The current study is aimed to assess the environmental hazard posed by dental amalgams. In addition, the study aims to understand why there is a long dispute with regard to amalgam safety issue. This research wishes to find grounds for the government to establish regulative policies, and identify what factors should be taken into account in establishing regulative policies. The study is based on in-depth interviews, literature review and participant observation by using the regulative theory and market-based theory as framework to develop a sound regulative policy proposal. This research discovered the development of a regulative policy on amalgams is hinged on the combination or balance between the regulative theory and the market-based theory. Most important thing is that the government and the dentists need to provide continuous public education to build up the consensus for implementing amalgam regulative policies and become aware of the potential environmental crisis. In the due course, adopting step-wise regulative process may avoid unforeseen severe social impact. The government should also take reference of the existing policies of western countries, pay more attention to the current environmental pollution posed by dental practice, and provide improvement plans and supplementary measures to establish the relevant policies.