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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

教育擴張與教育機會之關係

吳昭芳 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的為瞭解教育擴張和教育機會之關係,而所選取衡量教育機會是否均等之指標為性別及地區。原始數據資料主要參照教育部出版之中華民國教育統計,進行時間數列分析、t考驗、集群分析,並計算基尼係數之後,所得之重要發現如下: 1. 未來三年,高級中等教育學生學齡人口在學率仍會不斷擴張,且甚至會達到90%,而且,校數也會不斷的擴張。 2. 在高級中等教育之大眾型中,男生的學齡人口在學率大於女生,進入普及型後,情況成相反。 3. 以高級中等教育的基尼係數而言,並未隨著教育擴張而逐漸下降。而在中部的三個縣市,台中縣、彰化縣與南投縣,在大眾型與普及型中,都是屬於校數低密度區。 4. 在高等教育方面,未來三年,不論是校數、學生數以及學齡人口在學率,仍會不斷的擴張,而學齡人口在學率,甚至會擴張至40.77%左右。 5. 在高等教育之菁英型中,男生的學齡人口數大於女生,在大眾型時,情況成相反,女生的學齡人口在學率大於男生。 6. 以高等教育的基尼係數而言,隨著教育擴張而逐漸下降,菁英型在0.4左右,大眾型則在0.3左右,顯示教育擴張從菁英型進入大眾型之後,各地區的高等教育校數分布變得較均等。不過,宜蘭縣,以及中部的台中縣、彰化縣、南投縣和雲林縣,還有台南市,在教育擴張的兩個時期都屬於低密度區。 根據研究結果,進行討論,並提出建議如下: 1. 若增設中部之高級中等教育機構,優先考量中部縣市。 2. 若增設高等教育機構,應優先考慮中部與東部。 3. 減緩非低密度縣市高級中等教育學校之增設。 / The purpose of the present study is to understand the relationship between education expansion and opportunity of education. For measuring opportunity of education, "gender" and "location" is chosen to be the variables. The data mainly from Education Statistics of the Republic of China is analyzed with time-series, t-test, cluster as well as Gini-coefficient. Important findings are the follows: 1. At senior secondary education level, not only the enrollment rates but also the number of schools will expand in three years. The enrollment rate is supposed to be 90%. 2. Male enrollment rates are higher than female's, while senior secondary education is at mass type. But as it is at universal type, female enrollment rates become higher than male's rates. 3. Gini coefficient of senior secondary education is not descending with education expansion. At mass type and universal type, the central counties, inclusive of Taichung County, Changhua Cunty and Nantou County, belong to the low-density districts. 4. At higher education level, the enrollment rates, the number of schools and students will expand in three years. The enrollment rate is supposed to reach 40.77% or so. 5. Male enrollment rates are higher than female's, while higher education is at elite type. But as it is at mass type, female enrollment rates become higher than male rates. 6. Gini coefficient of higher education is descending with education expansion. At elite type, the coefficient is about 0.4, and it is about 0.3 at mass type. Consequently it indicates that the apportion of schools in counties(cities) becomes more homogeneous. Nevertheless, some counties still belong to the low-density districts at these two types. They are Ilan County, Taichung County, Changhua Cunty, Nantou County, Yunlin county, as well as Tainan City. The present research makes some suggestions below: 1. If Government wants to set up senior secondary schools, the location which must be considered first are central counties. 2. If higher education institutions are to be established, the priority of location should be in the East and Central of Taiwan first. 3. Establishing senior secondary schools in non-low-density districts should be restrained.
2

台灣地區教育程度別女性初婚年齡分佈模式 / Age Schedule of First Marriages for Females in Taiwan

陳雅琪, Chen, Ya-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
「男大當婚,女大當嫁」的傳統婚姻規範漸漸凋零,從過去普遍成婚的形態轉變為遲婚、甚至不婚。1970年代以降,隨著教育機會的開放與普及,女性的教育程度持續地上升,衝擊「男主外,女主內」的性別角色分工形式,越來越多女性在職場上嶄露頭角,晚婚漸漸成為普遍的現象。      面對1970年代以降,教育急速地擴張,婚姻的時程是否有了重大的改變?不同的教育歷程是否影響其結婚的可能性?為了瞭解這些提問,本研究扣緊年齡之社會規範壓力,欲探求女性不同教育程度之初婚時程,並探討各初婚年齡模式,研究選用Hernes提出之初婚年齡函數,運用人力資源調查之資料推估出各教育程度之分配形式,以描繪教育擴張對婚姻時程帶來的影響。   研究結果發現,第一,女性單身的比例越來越高,尤以高教育程度增加幅度最大,初婚年齡也隨世代推移越來越高;第二, 1950-1970世代女性初婚平均年齡逐漸增長外,變異也更大;第三,女性高等教育遲婚影響到整體初婚年齡的上昇,即使其他教育別初婚年齡有下降的趨勢,仍難以阻擋平均初婚年齡上的趨勢;第四,女性國中以下教育程度早婚的趨勢越來越明顯;第五,各教育程度之模式分配形狀越趨類似,到了後期僅有時間遞延的差異;第六,女性人口完成結婚年齡有三個不同趨勢的發展,高教育組(專科及大學)有晚婚的現象,完成結婚年齡越來越高,而高中、職則呈現持平的現象,國中教育程度有早婚的現象。
3

青年失業問題與青年就業政策之研究 ─從我國教育改革面向切入 / Youth Unemployment and Youth Employment Policy from the aspect of Taiwan's education reform

廖芷嫻, Liao, Chih Hsien Unknown Date (has links)
2008年金融危機,對全球經濟造成嚴重的衝擊,連帶影響勞動市場,青年失業問題日趨惡化,高失業率使許多青年放棄求職,或選擇繼續留在教育體系中,延後進入勞動市場。國際組織及各國政府皆致力於解決青年失業問題,我國也不例外,惟多年來我國青年就業情況卻未獲改善,是否我國的青年就業政策有不足之處值得深思。本研究主要針對青年失業問題與原因進行討論,亦欲藉由國際組織之建議及各國青年就業政策,來探討我國青年就業政策應加強之處,最後試圖從教育改革面向切入我國青年失業率升高之原因,並於文末提出建議。 / The global economy suffered a serious impact by financial crisis in 2008, also affected the labor market. The youth unemployment situation has been getting worse since 2008. Discouraged by high youth unemployment rates, many young people have either given up the job search altogether or have decided to postpone it and continue to stay in the education system. Both international organizations and governments have devoted effort to solve the youth unemployment problem─ our country is not an exception. But the youth unemployment situation has not improved for several years. Are there any insufficient in our country‘s Youth employment policy worth to think. This thesis focused on the problems and reasons of youth unemployment. Also discuss how to strengthen our youth employment policy and the high youth unemployment rates from the perspective of Taiwan's education reformation system. Finally, make recommendations to strengthen the current youth employment policy.
4

工作餘命的變遷──兼論教育擴張與退休制度的效應 / The Transformation of Working Life- Concurrently Discussing the Effect of Educational Expansion and Retirement System

張巧旻, Chang, Chiao Min Unknown Date (has links)
工作在現代社會中為個人生活不可或缺的一部分,也因此,參與勞動市場是大多數人所共有的經驗,但勞動參與的行為在今日卻顯得益加複雜。一方面,各種社會因素的交互作用,影響人們的勞動參與行為,一個人可能經歷多次的「進入」與「退出」勞動市場,在「勞動力」與「非勞動力」之間轉移;另一方面,臺灣在歷經數十年來快速且劇烈的社會變遷後,不同出生世代的人們,也都各自擁有相異的勞動參與經驗,而終其一生投入勞動市場的歲月,可能也會呈現相當不同的樣貌。其中,勞動者的勞動參與歷程,深受教育制度與退休制度之影響,因此當我們在檢視臺灣歷年來勞動者的勞動參與歷程變遷時,也必須了解教育制度與退休制度是如何影響其中的改變。 本研究企圖以鉅視模擬(macrosimulation)之途徑,在生命表方法的基礎上建立「工作生命表」(working life table),並以此探究臺灣歷年來工作餘命的變遷。工作生命表在方法論上係屬「多重遞增遞減生命表」(multiple increment-decrement life table),除了死亡的情形,所有成員皆可以在不同狀態間自由進出而改變其身份。在多重遞增遞減生命表中,由於事件轉移率的數據獲得不易,因此以古典之Sullivan盛行率法最廣泛被使用;但由於盛行率法所建構之生命表,可能不足以呈現現實中複雜且變化劇烈的勞動參與歷程實際樣貌,故本研究將使用1979年到2009年之人力資源調查資料,嘗試以間接估計事件轉移率之方法,以瞭解三十年間臺灣在勞動參與歷程的動態變遷過程,期望能找出在既有資料的限制之下,最能夠確實反應勞動者實際勞動參與歷程之變化情形的一套方式。最終,透過工作生命表的建立,並加入教育擴張與退休制度的效應分析,期能對歷年臺灣勞動者工作餘命的變遷,有更深入的了解。
5

步出校門,踏上紅地毯--台灣女性離開教育場域後的初婚可能性 / The probability of women's first marriage after finishing the education

楊立偉 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究欲以存活分析方式了解女性在結束最高學歷後,逐年進入初婚的可能性。台灣女性的初婚狀況在1980年後,逐漸由普遍成婚轉為遲婚、甚至不婚,尤其以高等教育女性的晚婚現象最為嚴重。一般來說,年輕的在學女性由於尚未具備獨立成家的經濟能力,進入初婚的比例相當的低。因此要等到結束最高學歷後才會進入初婚市場、考慮進入初婚。然而女性的初婚可能性會受到年齡帶來的社會規範與壓力影響,年齡越長,潛在的結婚對象也就越少,進入初婚的可能性越低。本研究想了解因為就學延後結束最高學歷年齡,而延遲進入初婚市場年齡的女性,她們的初婚可能性會有什麼變化?初婚可能性的年齡模式又是如何?透過存活分析,本研究結果發現:一、初婚可能性的分布形狀主要受到年齡影響,不同教育程度的分布形狀沒有明顯差異。二、進入初婚的年齡受到結束最高學歷時的年齡影響,結束最高學歷的年齡越晚,越晚進入初婚。三、受高等教育的女性在剛結束最高學歷教育後三年間進入婚姻的可能性,較未受高等教育的女性高。四、不論何種教育程度,初婚可能性將於30歲左右一致地下降,顯示女性進入初婚的可能性仍受到適婚年齡的限制。五、越晚近出生的女性,初婚可能性越低。最晚近出生的女性,初婚可能性不論教育程度呈現普遍皆低的狀態。 / This study foucuses on the women who were born in 1960-1980 in Taiwan and demonstrates the probability of these women's first marriage after finishing their highest educational degrees. In Taiwan, after 1980, women's marital status gradually changes from general married become delayed, or even not married. The marital situations of women who have higher education are in particular serious. Because young women in the school do not have independent economic ability, they do not consider entering first marriage untill they have completed highest educational degrees. However, due to the age norm and social pressure, women's probability of entering into first marriage will decline when they grow older. This study intends to figure out what the probabilitiy of women's first marriage is when they delay the timing of entering into the marriage market due to prolonging the years of education. Through survival analysis, this study found that: First, women's age determines the main shape of the probability distribution of the age at first marriage no matter what educational degrees they have. Second, women's age at first marriage is mainly affected by the age of her finishing highest education. Third, the probability of first marriage of the women who have higher educational degrees is higher than the others in the first five years after finishing education. Fourth, no matter what level of educational degrees, the hazard rate of entering into first marriage will decline rapidly after 30-year-old. Fifth, the more recent birth cohort is the lower the probability of first marriage no mater what educational degrees they have.
6

中國大陸高校獨立學院的發展與角色

吳佳芬 Unknown Date (has links)
第二次世界大戰結束後,受到全球人口暴增、教育機會均等理念與人力資源理論等因素的影響,世界各國紛紛致力於發展高等教育,以滿足民眾對高等教育的需求。一九八○年代開始,由於全球化與知識經濟時代的快速發展,各國對勞動力人口的需求,轉向以智力為依托的高素質人才成為策動經濟發展的動力,這更加深高等教育擴張的力道。而高等教育的擴張,致使大學需要容納社會更多樣化的需求,傳統大學以培育菁英領導階層為主的功能,也慢慢轉變成包含了民眾職業訓練的準備,為各個專業領域培養經濟發展所需要的人才。 受到全球高等教育擴張與大眾化風潮的影響,自九○年代以來,中國大陸便開始大力發展高等教育,以求人力資源的大量提升。一九九九年一月,國務院批轉教育部《面向二十一世紀教育振興行動計畫》,明確提出到二○一○年高等教育入學率將達到適齡青年的15%。 此為大陸高等教育擴招政策的確定,也奠定大陸高等教育快速發展的大眾化目標。高等教育追求擴張的趨勢已經成為中國大陸人力隊伍優化、人力素質提升的一項重要指標,更為整個高等教育提供了新一輪的發展契機和挑戰,也對原來的高等教育制度產生影響與變革,其中值得注意的是獨立學院在此波高等教育擴張的過程中迅速興起,更被視為高等教育擴張的主要管道之一,其前景與未來成為各界關注的焦點。本論文主要的研究目的在於深入分析獨立學院在大陸高等教育擴張過程中所扮演的角色,由之瞭解大陸高等教育於擴張過程中所遭遇的困境與挑戰,以及評估中國大陸高等教育大眾化發展的前景。

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