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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣國中生現在完成式之學習表現探討 / A study on Taiwanese students' performance on the English present perfect

陳于倩, Chen, Yu Chien Unknown Date (has links)
本研究參考王(2005)的研究,探討台灣國中生在英語現在完成式的學習表現。研究對象為台北縣120名國三學生,測驗學生在40分鐘內填答包含文法正確性判斷是非題、時態填充題及中英翻譯題共計50道題目。研究重點在:(1)受試者對時態和時貌的理解;(2) 現在完成式的誤用情形;(3) 現在完成式不同功能的習得,以及 (4) 母語的影響及對副詞的依賴狀況。研究發現如下:首先,學習者在中文及英文的時態時貌表現有理解上的困難,顯示他們並未真正理解中英文表達時間概念的差異。其次,現在完成式的誤用最常發生在現在簡單式及過去簡單式。他們習慣依賴常用於現在式的時間副詞或頻率副詞來決定使用時態,在看到這些副詞時,未真正理解上下文語境意涵而誤用成現在簡單式;而學習者對於過去已完成事件,未意識到其和現在的關聯及說話者態度,所以用過去式。這些結果顯示學習者並未真正理解英文現在式、過去式的真正涵義,也不了解現在完成式核心意涵及其語用功能為何。此外,現在完成式的四個主要功能中,學習者在表動作連續性的完成態 (continuative perfect)和表經驗的完成態 (experiential perfect)表現的最理想。而中文的影響顯示學習者習慣依賴副詞來決定使用時態為何,有副詞的句子或情境現在完成式的答對率偏高。研究進一步發現動詞特性會影響學習者對現在完成式的使用判斷,學生在狀態類動詞(包含心智類動詞)用於現在完成式的理解表現較差,此結果可能和中英文的差異有關。此外,檢視國中課本中現在完成式呈現方式的結果顯示這四種功能出現的語言輸入次數和學生的學習速率並未有直接關係,很可能是單句(不含上下文)的呈現方式讓學生有不完整的概念,因此建議教科書或文法書作者避免僅提供單句式例句及過度強調副詞的搭配。最後,教授現在完成式的老師本身應該對中文及英文的時間概念及時態、時貌有清楚的認識,無論是在給予講解範例、課堂練習或評量測驗,都應給予上下文情境讓學生能理解事件時間的相對應關係及覺察到說話者的觀點來決定是否該事件有現在關連性(current relevance) 而能正確使用現在完成式。本研究最後參考幾位研究者觀點及根據研究發現提出一些教授現在完成式的建議。 / This study explores Taiwanese junior high students’ performance on the English present perfect use. One hundred and twenty participants in Taipei County finished 50 questions out of three types of elicitation questions within 40 minutes. The test included a grammaticality judgment task, a blank-filling test and a translation task. The analyses focus on (1) learners’ awareness of tense/aspect; (2) misuses of other tense/aspect forms for the present perfect; (3) acquisition rates of the four functions of the present perfect, and (4) L1 interference and dependence on the adverbials. The main findings are as follows. First, the learners have difficulty acquiring the concept of tense/aspect for the difference of the temporal concepts of Chinese and English. Then, misuses of other tense/aspect forms for the present perfect mainly fall on simple past and simple present. The former misuse may result from the fact that learners do not see completed past events’ relations to the speech moment and neglect the speaker’s attitude; the latter misuse is observed to happen when learners rely much on certain temporal markings that goes mostly with the simple present and thus their judgment on tense/aspect use is misled. These results suggest that learners do not fully understand the semantics of the present simple and past simple, nor do they comprehend the semantic and pragmatic meanings of the present perfect. Furthermore, L1 interference can be witnessed in learner’s reliance on the adverbials. The accuracy rate increases in contexts with certain adverbials. As for the performance on the four uses of the present perfect, learners demonstrate satisfactory performance on the ‘continuative perfect’ and ‘experiential perfect’. A close look into learners’ errors also reveals that lexical aspect plays a role in the comprehension of the present perfect; learners have difficulty in using stative verbs (including mental verbs) in the present perfect. Such performance may result from the difference of lexical aspect and grammatical aspect between Chinese and English. A review on the presentation of the present perfect in the domestic textbooks then discloses that frequency of input alone cannot be responsible for the differentiated acquisition rates. It is, however, the isolated sentence patterns that lead the learners to form rudimentary concepts about the perfect aspect. It is therefore suggested that textbook or grammar book writers avoid sentential examples and overemphasis of its association with certain adverbials. Last but not the least, classroom teachers who are to teach the present perfect should equip themselves with the distinct concepts of tense/aspect between English and Chinese. On giving modeling examples, drill practices, or assessment, contexts should always be given for learners to anchor the relational concept of time so that they make appropriate tense/aspect uses.
2

台灣高中學生英文作文中表達過去時間標記之分析 / An Analysis of past reference marking in Taiwan senior high school students' english compositions

闕光賢, Chueh, Kuang Hisen Unknown Date (has links)
漢語沒有像英文嚴格的時態標記,因此,多數中國學生開始學英文時會有動詞過去式標記上的困難,在表達英語過去時間概念時,中國學生特別依賴時間狀語。為了了解中國學生表達過去時間概念時,時間狀語所扮演的角色,本文藉由觀察高中學生為期一年的作文,探討中國學生時間狀語的使用位置、時間狀語及動詞過去式標記之間的關係、中國學生過去式動詞標記上的困難。藉由以上三個方向的探索,可以更了解學生使用的時間狀語和過去式動詞的標記。 研究結果顯示,中國學生在英文作文中,時間狀語的使用頻率明顯偏高,且使用頻率有隨時間逐漸增高的趨勢,而時間狀語出現的位置,因英語程度不同有別,程度較高的同學,時間狀語出現在句首及句尾的比例相近,無明顯偏好;但是程度偏低的同學,則普遍偏好將時間狀語置於句首,類似漢語時間狀語出現的位置。 時間狀語同時也影響著學生標記過去式動詞的比率,倘若一個限定動詞在同個句子中有對應的時間狀語,則這個限定動詞較有可能標記為過去時態,這樣的現象又以英語程度較低的同學最為明顯。 在動詞過去式標記上,本文發現有過半的同學曾將was/were當成過去式動詞標記,置於限定動詞之前;此外,語料中也發現,有幾位同學會將用過去進行式及過去被動式誤用在過去簡單式之中,這樣的現象,有可能是因為學生認為有was/were即為過去式的標記所致。 透過本文的研究可看出時間狀語對於中國學生標記英語過去時間概念上的重要性,也可看出語言遷移(language transfer)在語言習得中的影響力,期許本文的發現能在英語習得及教學上有所助益。 / / Without tense marker in Mandarin Chinese, most Chinese EFL learners have difficulties in past tense marking in the beginning of learning English. Before marking past tense steadily, Chinese EFL learners tend to depend mainly on temporal adverbials in expressing past time. Temporal adverbials seem to play important roles during the process of acquiring tense marking. The present study tries to observe how Chinese learners use temporal adverbials to express past time and what kinds of difficulties learners have in past tense marking. Furthermore, we attempt to investigate the relation between tense marking and temporal adverbials. By analyzing learners’ composition, we found that Chinese EFL learners have high frequency in using temporal. Most learners are prone to put temporal adverbials in sentence-initial position except for learners with higher proficiency. Besides, learners are more likely to mark past tense co-occurring with temporal adverbials. Morphologically, Chinese EFL learners seem to regard was/were as a past-tense marker and put was/were in front of finite verbs ungrammatically. These findings manifest the importance of temporal adverbials for Chinese EFL learners in expressing past time and provide potential explanations for tense errors.
3

日文補文標識中「NO」和「KOTO」的區別使用:從命題的「特定性」之觀點 / The proper use of NO / KOTO complementizer and specificity restriction

江俊賢 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在研究日文補文標識「NO」和「KOTO」的區別使用。研究方法是從補文句命題與主要句命題做為切入點,以文中的「時態」(Aspect)、「論元構造」(Predicate Argument Structure)以及「語彙概念構造」(LCS)等論點,針對其命題的時態特定性(specificity)以及經驗者(Experiencer)的特定性,比較「NO」二重構文和「KOTO」二重構文的差異。   本文共分為三部分。第一部分為緒論,簡述以往針對補文標識研究之不足,以及本論文的研究方法。第二部分為本論文正論部分,共五章。第一章旨在定義補文標識「NO」和「KOTO」的特徵,並且針對本論文之觀點「特定性」作文獻探討以及提出尚未解決的問題。在第二章裡頭,以第一組動詞謂語群為研究對象,從其補文句命題的「時態的特定性」進行探討。研究發現,「NO」的場合,補文句的時態特定性較高,「KOTO」的場合則較低。在第三章裡頭,以第二組動詞謂語群為研究對象,此群組其補文句皆是「在未來所發生的事態」,為第二章的延伸論述。在第四章裡,針對表示情意的形容詞與動詞謂語群,其「NO」和「KOTO」的區別使用進行探討。研究發現,「NO」的場合,主要句的經驗者之特定性較高,「KOTO」的場合則較低。第五章的研究對象為形容詞謂語群。此章是利用第二到四章所導出的規則,探討「NO」和「KOTO」的區別使用。第三部分則為結論。   在過去的研究裡頭,僅以「具體」「現實感」來定位「NO」補文句的使用。「KOTO」補文句的使用則是以「抽象」「概念」來解釋。本論文則更進一步探討補文句與主要句之中,其時態的特定性以及經驗者的特定性,以此導出「NO」二重構文的「一次性」「個別性」以及「KOTO」二重構文的「超時性」「普遍性」的本質。

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