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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

現代漢語時貌標記「過」與日語對應形式 / The Aspect Marker Guo in Mandarin Chinese and Its Counterparts in Japanese

小宮山一德, Komiyama, Kazunori Unknown Date (has links)
現代漢語中,「過」是表示「完成」,或是表示「經驗、經歷」的時貌標記。時貌標記屬於功能詞,換言之,時貌標記本身不具實質概念語意,必須藉由與動詞結合後才能顯示其語法意義。因此只觀察時貌標記「過」本身無法釐清「過」的核心語法意義為何。本文認為「過」表示的實際語意會因其時間結構而有所不同,同時其不同導致共現時間詞、搭配動詞等的限制。因此,要瞭解時貌標記「過」時,除了探討「過」本身之外,亦必須深入瞭解共現時間詞、搭配動詞之特徵。 針對漢語「過」的研究至今已有不少研究成果,許多研究者將「過」分為表示完成的「過1」與表示經驗、經歷的「過2」,但此分類法存在著「過1」與「過2」的界線不清楚、共現時間詞不清楚、否定形式不清楚等問題。另外前人研究仍未提及「過」所具有的篇章功能為何。 一般認為漢語表「經驗、經歷」的「過(過2)」可以與日語「たことがある takotogaaru」大致對應,但實際並非如此。它在不同的情況下還可能有「ている teiru」等其他對應形式。本文為了釐清漢語及日語之間的對應關係,在第二章文獻探討中,分別從語意、句法、篇章的層次來探討。本文首先對漢語「過」本身進行詳細審視,探討其語法意義、與動詞的關係,其次探討「過」的篇章功能。最後,對日語對應形式進行探討。 為了釐清過去「過1」與「過2」無法區分的搭配動詞、共現時間詞、否定形式的特徵,本研究基於前後景功能的不同及ET與RT之間時間距離的不同,將「過」分成「前景過」、「後景過a」、「後景過b」這三種,並且發現「過」翻譯到日語時,此三種不同分類的「過」具有不同日語對應形式,因此本文藉由日語對應形式的不同,將「過」區分後的「前景過」、「後景過a」、「後景過b」中,重新觀察「過」在不同分類中的語料,結果得知使用這樣的分類基準能夠釐清過去研究無法區分的搭配動詞、共現時間詞、否定形式的不同。
2

時貌標記「著」在漢語動詞時貌分類體系中的句法語意表現 / A Syntax-semantic Analysis of Aspect Marker ZHE in Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs

厲亞敏 Unknown Date (has links)
漢語中的「著」是一個使用廣泛的時貌標記詞,對它的語意識解依託于整個漢語動詞時貌分類體系,該體系隨著Peck、Lin & Sun(2013)的研究所做的調整日趨精確與完善,與此相關的各種語言事實也應該得到新的描述與解釋。 因此,本文藉助語料庫豐富的真實語料,通過量化分析與質化分析,並在參考各種已有理論與學說的基礎上,對語料的時貌、「著」的分佈進行概括和描述,發掘導致語言事實的原因,還原影響的過程,預測普遍的規律。 本文認為漢語中決定時貌的基礎與根本是動詞的時貌類型,對於時貌標記「著」而言,未完成性與持續性是它能夠與狀態、活動、短促、開放量度動詞搭配的原因,同時,由於語言內部的互動與關聯,句子的每個成分與句子的整體句式都以不同程度和方式影響時貌,本文也做了詳細的分析和討論。 / Zhe plays a significant role in aspectual classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs as an aspect marker. After Peck, Lin & Sun (2013) introduced Scale as an aspectual attribute into the classification; it brings us new perspectives and knowledge. Moreover, new interpretations of aspect and performance of Zhe are needed. We base our study on corpus. Corpus with its abundant data provides us a more efficient and scientific way to do research. We describe performance of aspect and its marker Zhe on the basis of our observation and previous theories. We also explore the reasons and rules behind language facts. Our research shows that Zhe usually co-occur with four verb’s categories: state, activity, semelfactive and open-scale verbs, due to its imperfectivity and durativity. For influence from sentence elements, the thesis also provides analysis and conclusion.
3

台灣國中生現在完成式之學習表現探討 / A study on Taiwanese students' performance on the English present perfect

陳于倩, Chen, Yu Chien Unknown Date (has links)
本研究參考王(2005)的研究,探討台灣國中生在英語現在完成式的學習表現。研究對象為台北縣120名國三學生,測驗學生在40分鐘內填答包含文法正確性判斷是非題、時態填充題及中英翻譯題共計50道題目。研究重點在:(1)受試者對時態和時貌的理解;(2) 現在完成式的誤用情形;(3) 現在完成式不同功能的習得,以及 (4) 母語的影響及對副詞的依賴狀況。研究發現如下:首先,學習者在中文及英文的時態時貌表現有理解上的困難,顯示他們並未真正理解中英文表達時間概念的差異。其次,現在完成式的誤用最常發生在現在簡單式及過去簡單式。他們習慣依賴常用於現在式的時間副詞或頻率副詞來決定使用時態,在看到這些副詞時,未真正理解上下文語境意涵而誤用成現在簡單式;而學習者對於過去已完成事件,未意識到其和現在的關聯及說話者態度,所以用過去式。這些結果顯示學習者並未真正理解英文現在式、過去式的真正涵義,也不了解現在完成式核心意涵及其語用功能為何。此外,現在完成式的四個主要功能中,學習者在表動作連續性的完成態 (continuative perfect)和表經驗的完成態 (experiential perfect)表現的最理想。而中文的影響顯示學習者習慣依賴副詞來決定使用時態為何,有副詞的句子或情境現在完成式的答對率偏高。研究進一步發現動詞特性會影響學習者對現在完成式的使用判斷,學生在狀態類動詞(包含心智類動詞)用於現在完成式的理解表現較差,此結果可能和中英文的差異有關。此外,檢視國中課本中現在完成式呈現方式的結果顯示這四種功能出現的語言輸入次數和學生的學習速率並未有直接關係,很可能是單句(不含上下文)的呈現方式讓學生有不完整的概念,因此建議教科書或文法書作者避免僅提供單句式例句及過度強調副詞的搭配。最後,教授現在完成式的老師本身應該對中文及英文的時間概念及時態、時貌有清楚的認識,無論是在給予講解範例、課堂練習或評量測驗,都應給予上下文情境讓學生能理解事件時間的相對應關係及覺察到說話者的觀點來決定是否該事件有現在關連性(current relevance) 而能正確使用現在完成式。本研究最後參考幾位研究者觀點及根據研究發現提出一些教授現在完成式的建議。 / This study explores Taiwanese junior high students’ performance on the English present perfect use. One hundred and twenty participants in Taipei County finished 50 questions out of three types of elicitation questions within 40 minutes. The test included a grammaticality judgment task, a blank-filling test and a translation task. The analyses focus on (1) learners’ awareness of tense/aspect; (2) misuses of other tense/aspect forms for the present perfect; (3) acquisition rates of the four functions of the present perfect, and (4) L1 interference and dependence on the adverbials. The main findings are as follows. First, the learners have difficulty acquiring the concept of tense/aspect for the difference of the temporal concepts of Chinese and English. Then, misuses of other tense/aspect forms for the present perfect mainly fall on simple past and simple present. The former misuse may result from the fact that learners do not see completed past events’ relations to the speech moment and neglect the speaker’s attitude; the latter misuse is observed to happen when learners rely much on certain temporal markings that goes mostly with the simple present and thus their judgment on tense/aspect use is misled. These results suggest that learners do not fully understand the semantics of the present simple and past simple, nor do they comprehend the semantic and pragmatic meanings of the present perfect. Furthermore, L1 interference can be witnessed in learner’s reliance on the adverbials. The accuracy rate increases in contexts with certain adverbials. As for the performance on the four uses of the present perfect, learners demonstrate satisfactory performance on the ‘continuative perfect’ and ‘experiential perfect’. A close look into learners’ errors also reveals that lexical aspect plays a role in the comprehension of the present perfect; learners have difficulty in using stative verbs (including mental verbs) in the present perfect. Such performance may result from the difference of lexical aspect and grammatical aspect between Chinese and English. A review on the presentation of the present perfect in the domestic textbooks then discloses that frequency of input alone cannot be responsible for the differentiated acquisition rates. It is, however, the isolated sentence patterns that lead the learners to form rudimentary concepts about the perfect aspect. It is therefore suggested that textbook or grammar book writers avoid sentential examples and overemphasis of its association with certain adverbials. Last but not the least, classroom teachers who are to teach the present perfect should equip themselves with the distinct concepts of tense/aspect between English and Chinese. On giving modeling examples, drill practices, or assessment, contexts should always be given for learners to anchor the relational concept of time so that they make appropriate tense/aspect uses.

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