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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

兩型模式間變點之統計推論

鄒序琪, Zou, Xu-Qi Unknown Date (has links)
假設一序列的隨機變數其機率分配由某一點開始改變, 我們對於此點做一些推論。我 們特別以指數分配(exponeutial distribution)之平均值改變為特例, 描述我們之推 論。我們導出了變點之最大似真估計(maximum likelihood estimate )之逼近分配( Asymptotic distribution)及變點之最大似真比值統計量(likelihood ratio stati- stic)之逼近分配。這些逼近分配和一些限定樣本(Finite sample)之經驗分配(Ompi- ical distribution )相比較。
2

以矩陣分解法計算特別階段形機率分配並有多人服務之排隊模型 / A phase-type queueing model with multiple servers by matrix decomposition approaches

顏源亨, Yen, Yuan Heng Unknown Date (has links)
穩定狀態機率是讓我們了解各種排隊網路性能的基礎。在擬生死過程(Quasi-Birth-and-Death) Phase-type 分配中求得穩定狀態機率,通常是依賴排隊網路的結構。在這篇論文中,我們提出了一種計算方法-LU分解,可以求得在排隊網路中有多台服務器的穩定狀態機率。此計算方法提供了一種通用的方法,使得複雜的大矩陣變成小矩陣,並減低計算的複雜性。當需要計算一個複雜的大矩陣,這個成果變得更加重要。文末,我們提到了離開時間間隔,並用兩種方法 (Matlab 和 Promodel) 去計算期望值和變異數,我們發現兩種方法算出的數據相近,接著計算離開顧客的時間間隔相關係數。最後,我們提供數值實驗以計算不同服務器個數產生的離去過程和相關係數,用來說明我們的方法。 / Stationary probabilities are fundamental in response to various measures of performance in queueing networks. Solving stationary probabilities in Quasi-Birth-and-Death(QBD) with phase-type distribution normally are dependent on the structure of the queueing network. In this thesis, a new computing scheme is developed for attaining stationary probabilities in queueing networks with multiple servers. This scheme provides a general approach of consindering the complexity of computing algorithm. The result becomes more significant when a large matrix is involved in computation. After determining the stationary probability, we study the departure process and the moments of inter-departure times. We can obtain the moment of inter-departure times. We compute the moments of inter-departure times and the variance by applying two numerical methods (Matlab and Promodel). The lag-k correlation of inter-departure times is also introduced in the thesis. The proposed approach is proved theoretically and verifieded with illustrative examples.
3

投資組合風險值衡量與條件情境壓力測試

李應瑋 Unknown Date (has links)
近十年來,由於金融商品價格波動的劇烈衝擊,而引發許多重大金融事件與危機,再加上我國預計於明年正式實施新巴塞爾資本協定,各金融機構無不卯足全力,重新審視其風險衡量能力。而為了正確且有效地掌握風險曝露情況,金融機構最常採用的市場風險衡量方法,便是風險值(Value at Risk)與壓力測試(Stress Testing)兩大工具。 本論文的主要目的有二:第一、藉由介紹常見的風險值計算方法與壓力測試方法,並探討其優缺點及限制,希望能讓金融機構的風險管理者對其有更深一層的認識。第二、風險值法雖能衡量一般情況下的可能損失,但通常引發金融危機的主因,多是極端損失所造成的強大壓力,故本文透過搜集實際的市場資料,針對過去曾發生的壓力事件,檢驗三種風險值計算方法與兩種壓力測試,在壓力情境下是否仍能準確、有效地衡量風險。 最後透過本文的理論闡述與實證分析結果,希望能在前述五種風險衡量方法中,找出一較為有效的壓力損失衡量方法,提供予金融機構的風險管理者,幫助其更靈活運用風險管理工具,進而提昇國內金融機構的競爭力。
4

台灣選舉事件與台指選擇權的資訊效率

李明珏, Li, Ming-Chueh Unknown Date (has links)
台灣特殊的兩黨對立政治環境及幾乎每年都會有的固定選舉,使得政治的不確定性深深的影響著國內的投資環境及投資人心態。本研究便是要探討,2002/1/1~2006/1/16 研究期間台灣的投資人在選舉前後的投資行為,是否真如大家所預期的,會受到台灣選舉事件的影響。 本研究首先利用適當的機率密度函數模型及選擇權市場資訊來導出隱含的風險中立密度值。再利用這些風險中立密度值,求出各個選舉事件相對應的機率分配圖形,並透過其機率分配圖形及波動率指數等統計值於投票日前後的變化來觀察某一選舉事件前後投資者的反應。 研究結果發現:1. 選舉事件的發生確實會影響投資者的心理,且投資者會透過選擇權市場有效率的反應預期的未來股價指數分佈情況。2. 越大型、越具爭議且全國性的選舉結果,其選舉期間機率分配圖形及波動率指數具有較高的波動性。3. 一般而言,選舉過後市場不確定因素降低,將使投資者對於股市的預期較為一致和樂觀。而若這個選舉結果使投資者感到意外,因而增加了市場的不確定性,則選後機率分配圖形及波動率指數的改變反而會更為明顯。4. 在此研究下對數常態混合法比傳統的 Black-Scholes 方法產生較低的誤差值,因此就實證的分析上能提供更好的配適。 / This research examines the behavior of investors during election periods from January 1st 2002 to January 6th 2006 in Taiwan. The research includes a few steps. First, we adopted a proper probability density function composed of stock index options data to construct the implied distribution. Then, when changing the whole shape of the risk-neutral implied distribution, the volatility indexes, and the statistics of the implied distribution, we observed investors' response around a specific election event. According to the empirical results, we found that: 1. An election event would influence investors’ behavior, and investors tend to reflect their expectation of future stock index in the option market in an efficient way. 2. The result of a large-scale and more disputed nationwide election will cause a higher fluctuation in both the implied distribution and the volatility index. 3. In general, the factor resulting from investors’ uncertainty of the market is likely to reduce after the election, which makes investors’ relatively unanimous and optimistic expectation of the stock market. However, if this election result surprises investors, their uncertainty of the market will increase, and thus the changes of the implied distribution and the volatility index become quite obvious. 4. The in-sample performance of the lognormal mixtures method employed in the research is considerably better than that of the traditional Black-Scholes model by having a lower root mean squared error.
5

離散條件機率分配之相容性研究 / On compatibility of discrete conditional distributions

陳世傑, Chen, Shih Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
設二個隨機變數X1 和X2,所可能的發生值分別為{1,…,I}和{1,…,J}。條件機率分配模型為二個I × J 的矩陣A 和B,分別代表在X2 給定的條件下X1的條件機率分配和在X1 給定的條件下X2的條件機率分配。若存在一個聯合機率分配,而且它的二個條件機率分配剛好就是A 和B,則稱A和B相容。我們透過圖形表示法,提出新的二個離散條件機率分配會相容的充分必要條件。另外,我們證明,二個相容的條件機率分配會有唯一的聯合機率分配的充分必要條件為:所對應的圖形是相連的。我們也討論馬可夫鏈與相容性的關係。 / For two discrete random variables X1 and X2 taking values in {1,…,I} and {1,…,J}, respectively, a putative conditional model for the joint distribution of X1 and X2 consists of two I × J matrices representing the conditional distributions of X1 given X2 and of X2 given X1. We say that two conditional distributions (matrices) A and B are compatible if there exists a joint distribution of X1 and X2 whose two conditional distributions are exactly A and B. We present new versions of necessary and sufficient conditions for compatibility of discrete conditional distributions via a graphical representation. Moreover, we show that there is a unique joint distribution for two given compatible conditional distributions if and only if the corresponding graph is connected. Markov chain characterizations are also presented.
6

漲跌停板限制下之股票報酬機率分配

葉宜欣, Yeh, Yi-Shian Unknown Date (has links)
股票市場的報酬率相對於金融市埸是非常重要的,因為其背後的真實機率分配對各種資產定價及選擇權的評價模型都有決定性的影響。本文考慮台灣股票市埸具有漲跌停板的限制來驗證實證中股票報酬機率分配的「厚尾」的現象,希望透過我們的研究能對財務理論在國內金融市埸的應用有更進一步的了解。我們選定了常態分配、對數常態分配及一般化第二種貝它分配 (GB2)來當作是台灣股票報酬率的真實機率分配,以動差法比較再以概似比檢定法(LR test)選出一表現最好的機率分配。由選取的25支國內股票中發現一般化第二種貝它分配 (GB2)可以解釋偏態和峰態對報酬率的影響並且也是概似比檢定法所選出的最適報酬率分配,由此可知一般化第二種貝它分配 (GB2)較為適合作為台灣股票報酬的真實機率分配。

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