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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

武裝衝突法與國際人道法對台海兩岸軍事衝突之適用

蔣大偉 Unknown Date (has links)
以戰爭法規的發展為主軸,探討武裝衝突法與國際人道法二法系的沿革與關係,逐一檢視各相關公約訂定的源由,規範之目的,改進的部分及難以進行執行的部分原因。 從使用武力方法,即作戰行為的規範、手段與限制,更深入探討對平民的保護,對人類文化歷史的保障,對戰爭受難者的尊重,及違反武裝衝突法與國際人道法後之可能犯罪懲治,自1919年《凡爾賽和約》始,依序簡介紐倫堡審判、東京審判、南斯拉夫及盧安達特別法庭的特徵與國際實踐,以至於國際刑事法庭的設立,以明戰爭罪責的國際審判機構。 另一方面,新形式的戰爭武器研發,也造成例如,資訊戰在武裝衝突法的許多規則提出了新的問題,表現了資訊戰將對武裝衝突法產生衝擊的一面。另關於暗殺是否符合國際公約的議題,其餘如影響環境的武器、小型核武器、新生化武器均殊值討論。 國際法院關於以核武器相威脅或使用核武器是否合法的諮詢意見中,列出了「構成人道法制度的核心原則」,即「區分原則」,「禁止使用不區分武器」,「禁止對戰鬥員造成不必要的痛苦」,以及「國家在使用武器方面並非具有無限制的選擇手段」。都在本論文中次第探討。
2

武裝衝突法中陸戰法規之理論與實踐

彭玉明 Unknown Date (has links)
武裝衝突法已成為各交戰國(方)爭取國際支持之重要手段,軍隊執行作戰任務,必須遵守武裝衝突法及國際法的相關規範,始可確保作戰行動的合法性及正當性。陸戰法規是一系列戰爭法規則和慣例的重要歷史淵源,為武裝衝突法之主體。隨著以規範交戰規則為主的海牙法體系與規範人道保護規則為主的日內瓦法體系逐漸整合,陸戰法規除規範作戰使用武器的規則外,其他有關交戰者、敵對行為及軍事佔領等規則均納入1949年日內瓦公約及1977年的兩項附加議定書。 觀察國際社會對陸戰法規實踐的面向,除可從戰史例證中得到驗證外,尚可從童兵、地雷、武裝衝突遺留爆炸物處理及文化資產保護等議題,得以進一步瞭解陸戰法規實踐的全貌。要禁止利用童兵的行為,除了國家行為者應負履約義務外,對非國家行為者侵犯兒童權利行為的制止是當務之急,國際刑事法院應扮演更積極的角色。2003年波灣戰爭中,《禁雷公約》雖未能阻止伊拉克使用人員殺傷雷,但已顯示該公約對非締約國產生的隱性約束力,禁用人員殺傷雷的規範雖未完全實現,但已為多數國家認同,未來可能成為一項習慣國際法。《戰爭遺留爆炸物議定書》雖可為解決武裝衝突結束後平民所面臨的主要威脅提供一項法律制度,但因條約內容強制性不足,成效尚難顯現。目前對文化資深保護的重點在於免遭武裝衝突毀損為主要議題,因武裝衝突而流落異域之文化資產回復或返還,可能成為未來發展之主要議題。 / The Law of Armed Conflict has become one of the important means to win the international support for all belligerent. The army must comply with the Law of Armed Conflict in combat, in order to ensure the legitimacy of military operation. The law of war on land has its historical origins for regulations and customary of the Law of War, and also has codified as the main body of the Law of Armed Conflict. The Law of The Hague and the Law of Geneva have been gradually integrated. All these regulations of the law of war on land about combatant, hostilities and military occupation were included in the “Geneva Conventions of 1949” and two “Additional Protocols of 1977”, except the regulations of the use of the weapon. Observing the different aspects of the law of war on land in the international community from the cases above, furthermore, the issues of “Child Soldier”, “Landmine”, “Explosive Remnants of Armed Conflict” and “Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict”, can help to understand the full view of the practice of the law of war on land. For stopping the use of child soldiers, the obligation of convention should be executed by the state actors, the task of top priority should prevent the infringements of the right of child of the non-state actors, and the International Criminal Court should play a more positive role. In the “Gulf War 2003”, the rule, “Convention on Prohibition of Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Landmines and on Their Destruction”, although it has not prevent Iraq from the use of anti-personnel landmine, had showed the indistinct effect of the convention to the powers in the conflict that may not be parties to the convention. Although the rule of prohibition of use of anti-personnel mines has not completely realized, it had already been approved by most states, and may become one of the international customary in the future. The “Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War annexed to the “Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V to the 1980 Convention)” provided a legal protection for the civilian after the armed conflict. Its effect was still too difficult to manifest, because the force of provisions of the protocol were insufficient. The protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict focuses on exempting from the damage of cultural property at present, but the issue like how to recover the cultural properties which were pillaged in armed conflicts, would become the main theme in the foreseeable future.
3

論美國武裝無人機的國際法問題 / On International law issues concerning U.S. armed UAVs

王正, Wang, Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
無人飛行載具或簡稱無人機是一種不實際搭載乘員的飛行裝置,不論研發的目的為何其核心概念皆是希望以機械來代替人力從事較為辛苦或較為危險的工作;歷史上記載無人機由來已久,但是類議題真正受到國際社會關切乃是2001年9月11日九一一事件後才開始。為了回應九一一事件對美國的威脅,美國除了以行使自衛權為由進攻阿富汗外,更發動了以全球伊斯蘭極端主義份子為對象的「全球反恐戰爭」並且開始大量投入武裝無人機執行定點攻擊行動,狙殺蓋達組織領導人或是與其有關聯的極端主義團體的成員。 隨著反恐戰爭的推進,美國派出的武裝無人機架次也逐年上升,隨之而來的是急遽上升的傷亡人數;驟增的傷亡數,尤其是平民傷亡引起了國際社會關切,其中「美國的武裝無人機攻擊是否違反國際法上關於武力使用的規範」成了急待解決的問題。本論文以當前國際法上關於武力使用的兩大規範:使用武力的合法性(Jus ad bellum)、武力使用的方式(Jus in bello)為途徑,檢視當前美國武裝無人機攻擊是否符合前述兩大規範,進而替美國武裝無人機攻擊衍生的國際法問題提供一個解答。

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