毒品的存在由來已久，近年在生活壓力漸增下，毒品濫用的問題愈演愈烈，此可見諸於我國吸毒入監人數以及毒品吸食的再犯率屢創新高。在這樣的發展趨勢下，政府為了抑制社會毒品濫用的問題，減少犯罪與社會危害，遂推動地方毒品危害防制中心的政策措施，希望能結合政府與民間的資源與力量，共同進行反毒作戰。此一新的反毒政策創新成為本研究的主要焦點，在該政策預期達到的政策目的上，實質蘊含了政策網絡的組織連結概念，因此本研究運用政策網絡的概念分析工具與觀察架構，以現有反毒文獻較缺乏的政策執行過程面向切入，意圖深入了解地方毒品危害防制中心的實際運作。 本研究主要採取深度訪談法與次級資料分析法，從縱貫面的觀察架構輔以橫切面的要素分析，企圖了解地方毒品危害防制中心的實際運作內涵。研究發現該政策主要是植基於應急式的反毒政策推動，為了因應漸趨嚴重的毒品問題，政府採取運用現有的組織資源方式來做政策推動，在此資源侷限下，主責單位僅能以建立網絡、遊說與政策指導、尋找資源的策略來加以因應，實際產生的政策變革有限，組織間的連結也為初步形成的弱連結型態。除此之外，中心組織運作所抱持的反毒醫療、輔導觀點在實質運作中也遭遇吸毒犯心理依賴強烈與病識感不足的困境，實質進展有限。因此，本研究建議應在中央政府成立專責的反毒機構，擺脫現有反毒資源不足的困境；對於民間而言，更應擴大其政策參與的角色；而就現有的政府機關協調問題上，應指派專門的政務委員進行部門間的政策協調工作，讓毒品政策的組織衝突能獲得解決；最後，在現有的社區輔導成效有限下，應回歸監獄輔導與職訓功能的強化。 / Drug has existed for a long time. Recently, due to the escalating life stress, drug abuse problem becomes much more serious in the society. The growing number of people sent to jail for drug abuse and high percentage of retaking drugs are evidences in this trend. In order to tackle this problem, our government set up the local drug prevention and control center. Through this organization, they hoped that it can put government and non-governmental organizations together to prevent drug abuse and crimes. This research focuses on this innovative organization. By using policy network analysis, the research tries to understand the policy implementation of local drug prevention and control center. This research adopts in-depth interview and secondary data analysis to investigate the implementation of local drug prevention and control center. The research findings reveal several things. First, the government set up local drug prevention and control center to solve drug problem. However, because drug policy had long been neglected and drug users had strong psychological dependence, the resources that anti-drug actors can use were always scarce. Under this circumstance, the local drug prevention and control center took the form of task force but had few resources available. Second, network-building, persuading, policy guidance and resource-seeking were the strategies that actors used in policy implementation. In fact, the policy transformation did happen, but limited. Policy network formation was one of the changes worth noting, even though the networks were primary type and weak-tied. Last, lack of sick awareness in drug user group made policy implementation even more difficult. Based on these findings, the research suggests that it should set up a specialized, dedicated organization responsible for drug policy in the central government; drug policy planning and implementation must include more non-governmental actors; the government should designate one minister of state in charge of drug policy coordination; finally, the drug policy implementation ought to focus on the counseling and job training in the jail, rather than in the community.

本文首先檢視國際、美國與拉丁美洲對於毒品之定義，發現國際與美國對於毒品之定義與拉丁美洲之定義不同，使毒品政策之合作在還未開始前就有了歧異。美國對拉丁美洲反毒政策的實行多是依靠其在區域中的權力分配地位而為之，從雷根政府時期開始，分為前哥倫比亞計畫、哥倫比亞計畫以及美里達計畫，論述美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。之後，檢視美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策對拉丁美洲國家之影響，包括：人權問題、環境問題、經濟發展問題、貪腐問題、暴力問題和民主問題。面對美國毒品政策的負面影響，拉丁美洲國家於本世紀初開始在區域或是多邊的國際場域挑戰美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。最後，對於美國在拉丁美洲毒品政策的影響提出個人的看法作結。 / This essay offers a view of how U.S. antidrug policy influences Latin American, introducing its repercussions and how Latin America response to it. First, we analyze how international community, U.S. and Latin America define drugs. We find that Latin America has its own interpretation of drugs and its problem, especially when it refers to cocaine and coca leaf. Thus, it foreshadows conflicts over implementation of the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America. Second, we review the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America since the Raegan Administration via the aspect of asymmetric power relations in international relation, introducing and delineating important antidrug policy on Latin America; meanwhile analyze consistence and modification in different administrations. Third, we categorize the repercussions of U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America, such as violation of human rights, environmental pollution, economic issue, corruption problem and democracy development. And we raise some cases to indicate that facing those repercussions, Latin America starts to challenge U.S. antidrug policy. Last, we make a conclusion through the aspect of asymmetric power relation between U.S. and Latin America and raise opinion on whether the U.S. antidrug policy on Lain America is successful or not.