Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Resumo: A tese aqui defendida é de que o BRICS é um fenômeno processual e dinâmico, adequado à natureza da ordem internacional contemporânea. Enquanto processual, entende-se que não há definição, tampouco intenção, quanto ao formato ou institucionalização a serem alcançados. Trata-se de um grupo dinâmico, devido às percepções dos seus membros, sem que isso signifique limitações em suas estratégias e iniciativas internacionais. Para tanto, foram analisadas as declarações anuais de cúpula do BRICS, entre 2009 e 2018, por meio da metodologia histórica no emprego da análise documental e bibliográfica. A utilização dos softwares – AntConc e VOSviwer - para a contagem e associação de palavras permitiu a construção de um modelo para análise textual e gerou resultados que comprovam a tese proposta: a não formalização do BRICS deriva do interesse de seus membros, ao preservar a independência e autonomia na condução de projetos e políticas individuais, sem que isso acarrete prejuízo para sua articulação enquanto grupo. Além disso, e sobretudo, permite a criação de um banco e de um fundo de reservas e a ocupação de espaços vazios, num estímulo ao alargamento da ordem internacional, sem contestá-la. / Abstract: The hypothesis defended here is that BRICS is a processual and dynamic phenomenon, adequate to the contemporary international order. As a processual phenomenon, it is understood that there is not a specific definition, much less the intention, regarding the format or the institutionalization to be achieved. It is a dynamic group, due to the perception of its members, which does not mean that there are limitations to their international strategies and initiatives. For this, the annual declarations of the BRICS summits, between 2009 and 2018, were analysed, through the historical methodology used in the analysis of documents and bibliography. The usage of software – AntConc e VOSviwer –, to count words and word association, enabled the construction of a textual analysis model and yielded results that prove the proposed hypothesis: the absence of formalization of the BRICS derives from the interest of its members, by preserving their independence and autonomy in the establishment of projects and policies, without harming their coordination as group. Moreover, the absence of formalization, above all, allows the creation of a bank and a reserve fund and fills the empty spaces, in a stimulus of the enlargement of the international order, without defying it. / Resumen: La tesis aquí defendida es que el BRICS es un fenómeno procesual y dinámico, adecuado a la naturaliza del orden internacional contemporáneo. Como procesual, se entiende que no hay definición, tampoco la intención, sobre el formato o la institucionalización a ser alcanzada. Se trata de un grupo dinámico, debido a las percepciones de sus miembros, sin que esto signifique limitaciones en sus estrategias e iniciativas internacionales. Para tanto, se analisaron las declaraciones anuales de lsa cumbres dos los BRICS, entre 2009 y 2018, por medio de la metodología histórica en el empleo de la análisis documental y bibliográfica. La utilización de softwares – AntConc e VOSviwer – para contar y asociar palabras permitió la construcción de un modelo para análisis textual y generó resultados que comprueban la tesis propuesta: la no formalización del BRICS deriva del interés de sus miembros, al preservar la independencia y la autonomía en conducción de proyectos y de políticas individuales, sin que esto perjudique su articulación como grupo. Además, y sobretodo, ella permite la creación de un banco y de un fondo de reservas y la ocupación de espacios vacíos, en un estímulo a la ampliación de orden internacional, sin contestarlo. / 这里的论点是，金砖四国是一种适用于当代国际秩序而形成的过程和动态的现象。虽然是程序性的，但据了解，对于其实现的具体格式或制度化没有定义或明确的意图。由于其组成成员来看，这是一个动态组，但是这并不意味着其国际战略和倡议受到限制。对此，我们通过使用纪录片和文档分析的历史方式，分析了2009年至2018年期间金砖国家峰会的年度声明。使用了AntConc 和 VOSviwer 两个软件对相关词进行了计数和关联，以此构建了文本分析模式，并生成结果证明提出的论点：金砖国家的非正规化源于其成员的利益，同时保持其独立性个体项目和政策的执行力和自主权，并且如此不会损害他们作为一个群体的本质。此外，最重要的是，它可以通过创建银行和储备基金，占领空位来刺激扩大国际秩序，而不是挑战它。 / Doutor

Background: Over the long term, unhealthy lifestyles can lead to many health problems, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to determine associations between lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet) and T2D in American adults (aged ≥20 years) in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Data for 12 987 American adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2014 were evaluated. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the four lifestyle factors and T2D after adjusting for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence trends for T2D were examined using Cochran–Armitage tests. Results: There was a significant increasing prevalence trend for T2D among American adults. Smokers and individuals consuming >12 alcoholic drinks in the past year were less likely to report having T2D than non‐smokers (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.48) and those consuming(OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.39–0.55). Participants with light physical activity have a greater likelihood of having T2D than those engaging in vigorous physical activity (OR 5.72; 95% CI 4.30–7.60). Individuals consuming a poor diet were more likely to report having T2D than those eating an excellent diet (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02–1.41). All these relationships remained significant after adjustment for demographics and SES. Conclusion: All four lifestyle factors were significantly associated with T2D among American adults. The findings of the present study provide useful information for healthcare providers that may help them promote specific lifestyle modifications.