本論文的研究目的在探討影響多國籍銀行（Multinational Bank）進行海外擴張的決定因素。本文採用多國籍銀行在當地設立經營據點的直接投資（Foreign Direct Investment, FDI）方式為代理變數，且有別於之前的跨國研究，同時考量到地主國直接投資的銀行家數與設立的分支機構數。 本文共有三個研究子題，第一個子題以台灣為樣本，分析多國籍銀行進行海外擴張，與在當地同國籍的顧客間的關係。實證結果顯示，當以實體分支機構的擴張為外國銀行擴張的代理變數時，完全支持追隨顧客理論，但以財務擴張為外國銀行擴張的代理變數時，幾近完全支持追隨顧客理論。 第二個子題分析台北、香港和上海（兩岸三地）對外國銀行的吸引力，探討影響外國銀行選擇三個城市進行海外擴張的因素。在國家總體銀行家數的實證結果中顯示，母國GDP愈高、母國與地主國的地理距離愈近、母國與地主國的雙邊貿易愈多以及群聚效果，與在地主國投資的多國籍銀行家數呈現正向關係。至於銀行選擇在這三個城市投資後，會設立多少個分支機構，主要受兩個因素影響，當銀行總資產愈多，以及母國與地主國的文化距離愈近，銀行設立的分支機構愈多。 第三個子題分析多國籍銀行選擇亞洲十個主要城市進行海外擴張的決定因素。實證結果顯示，影響多國籍銀行在亞洲城市直接投資的因素可區分為三方面，首先是母國因素，當母國經濟規模愈大或大銀行家數愈多，在地主城市設立營運據點的銀行較多，設立的分支機構亦較多。其次是母國與地主國間的整合程度，當兩國間的雙邊貿易額增加以及兩國距離較近，在地主城市設立營運據點的銀行家數較少，分支機構也較少。最後是地主國因素，當地主國的經濟環境愈自由、地主國的法規品質愈高或地主國本身為國際金融中心，也會吸引較多的外國銀行，並設立較多分支機構。

本文研究主題有二，第一，我們以全球1,000大銀行至40國家金融中心城市所設立的據點資料，探討全球大型銀行的海外擴張動機因素。第二，我們使用45個國家銀行在46個國家金融中心城市所設立的分行資料，探討貪污對銀行海外擴張的影響。第一個研究主題可得知全球大型銀行海外投資的一般性策略思維與吸引全球大型銀行投資的一般性誘因，不同於過去文獻以特定單一國家或先進國家銀行為研究對象，只能探究得知特定策略思維與特定吸引誘因；第二個研究主題可得知貪污在銀行跨國投資裡所扮演的角色，而此角色在過去銀行跨國投資文獻裡並未被探究。 　　第一個研究主題，我們以折衷理論（eclectic theory）為基礎探究銀行海外擴張動機因素，依該理論得三項主要實證研究結果：所有權優勢方面，規模越大或經營績效越佳的銀行在海外擴張態度上較為積極；內部化優勢方面，銀行會選擇與來源國貿易往來密切的國家設立據點；區位優勢方面，業務機會、市場成長空間及熟悉度皆是吸引銀行設立海外據點的重要誘因。與我們預期相反的是，銀行喜歡進入業務高度限制的國家設立據點，其可能原因是這些國家的銀行市場有較高利潤與較大成長空間之故。 第二個研究主題，由實證研究得知，貪污會對跨國投資產生負向影響，亦即貪污會阻礙跨國銀行分行投資活動的進行。再者，我們進一步檢視兩國貪污環境差異的影響是否為負向與其負向影響是否會隨來源國貪污程度的增加而減少，亦即負向影響是否存在不對稱性，兩者皆得到證實。此結果顯示貪污差異性會增加跨國投資的進入成本，銀行因而較傾向在貪污環境相似的國家設立分行。不對稱的負向影響則意味著來自越貪污國家的銀行對於貪污環境差異性有相對較佳的適應能力，因此，我們建議銀行應培養高貪污環境政治風險因應能力以利跨國投資的進行。 / This paper has two topics. First, we investigate the determinants of the overseas physical expansions of world’s large banks, using individual bank data on the number of foreign offices set up by top 1,000 world banks in host financial center cities located in 40 countries. Second, we explore the impact of corruption on banks’ overseas physical expansions, using data on the number of foreign branches set up by banks of 45 countries in host financial center cities located in 46 countries. Through the first one, we can know the strategy thinking of world’s large banks and common incentives that attract their investments, differing from previous studies. Through the second topic, we can know the playing role of corruption in banks’ overseas investment, which no previous study had explored before. In the first studing, we investigate the determinants of the overseas expansions of world’s large banks in views of eclectic theory and our results lead to three result. First, about the factors of ownership advantage, larger size or better performance banks tend to be aggressive in internationalization. Second, about the factor of internalization advantage, banks tend to establish more overseas offices in the countries that have closer relationship of international trade with home country. Finally, about the factors of location advantage, banks are more likely to operate in countries that have more banking opportunities, higher accessibility of market or lower information costs. But, not consistent with our expectations, banks also prefer to invest in more regulated markets, possibly because they expect to obtain higher profits or market shares in these countries. In the second studing, we examine the impact of corruption on overseas investment and find the negative impact. Corruption impedes multinational banks’ cross-border investment and thus decreases foreign branch establishing. We also find the negative impact of corruption difference between two countries and its asymmetric effect. The first one indicates that corruption difference would increase the entry cost to foreign banks and result in negative investment decisions. The second one means that negative impact of corruption difference diminishes with the level of source-country corruption. It shows that bank from higher corruption country has better capacity to handle this difference. We suggest that multinational banks should improve the managing bribery skills to benefit their overseas investment.

本文探討台灣銀行業進入東南亞國家的因素，著重於從理論假設到實證研究，先以跨國銀行理論作為框架提出假設，接著利用實證方法來分析追隨客戶的動機可否充分解釋台灣銀行業的擴張行為？又或者是折衷理論之解釋較為全面？最後對於實證結果進行分析，研究發現：追隨客戶、地主國國家的經濟發展、地主國的融資及母行本身的條件是影響台灣銀行業者跨國經營的主要因素。 / This paper analyze the determinants of the overseas physical presences of Taiwanese banks in Southeast Asia. We focus on the process of from theoretical hypotheses to empirical studies. First, we propose hypotheses based on the theory framework of multinational bank, and then, the multiple regression models are adopted and we investigate whether the “follow-the-client’’ hypothesis is held？Or can the test results in views of eclectic theory explain Taiwanese banks’ behavior more comprehensively. The results of this paper are as follows: following their customers, the host countries’ economy, the host countries’ financing market, and the parent banks’ specific qualities are the main factors affecting the number of presences Taiwanese banks in Southeast Asia.