Since the open door policy, the PRC’s social structure has been deteriorating and its social stratums have been broadening along with the economic development. Comparing to the long-standing social stability before the open door policy, the central CPC has worried about the deteriorating development of social order and crime problems triggered by the redistribution of wealth. The central CPC thought that the Ministry of Public Security could not handle the social order and crime problems with its old system and functions. The problems would have great negative impact on the CPC’s ability of internal control, if the police systems and functions had not been reformed or improved. This study has found that on the basis of the highest guideline of “one center and two basic points,” the progressive reform steps taken by the Ministry of Public Security were as follows. First, it aimed at the reform of police organs and administrative systems. Second, it focused on the reform of police assignments system. Third, it stressed on the reform of grass-roots police and stations. Lastly, it emphasized on the reform of the concept of law enforcement and the quality of the police. To sum up, there were four development shifts on police. The first one was the reform of police organs and administrative duties from 1979 to 1996. The second one was the reform of police assignments system form 1997 to 2002. The third one was the combination of crime control, prevention and crackdown by police stations and community policing from 2003 to 2005. The fourth one was the three-base project from 2006 to 2008. The new Minister, Meng Jen-tzu, took office at the end of 2008 and he addressed “the three-construction” project as the further and sequent fulfillment of the three-base project. The related developments of the three-construction project are still going on. How they shape the functions and roles of the Ministry of Public Security requires sequent observation.

警政部門雖是公共行政的一環，但是由於在傳統上，其任務多注重在社會治安的維護與公共秩序的維持，警察的角色被塑造或自我塑造成「犯罪的打擊者」、「法律的執行者」、「正義的捍衛者」。然而基於社會的變遷腳步，傳統的警察角色已逐漸無法適應不斷變遷的民眾需求，民眾要求的不但是警察的力量應足以保障生命與財產安全而已，更要求警政部門所採行的策略能解決他們最為切身的問題。 　　然而欲使警察的各項作為從「破大案，捉要犯」轉變為以探求民眾切身的問題為主的策略，等於是要警察從注重績效數字的文化轉變為注重品質的文化，在本質上，這是一種 「外部變革」(external change)，以滿足民眾的需求為目標，此與近年來歐、美各國公共部門所推動的「全面品質管理」(total quality management)以及警政部門所實施的「社區警政」(community policing)的理念與目標均甚為一致。學者們研究指出，欲達成此－「外部變革」的目標，必須要先完成組織的「內部變革」(internal change)，對警政領導階層而言 ，他們必須實施「品質領導」(quality leadership)，才能澈底改變員警對於警政服務工作的態度與滿意度。易言之，警政領導階層必須具備品質遠景、堅強的信念、以及採取行動的決心，積極扮演品質策略的發動者角色，才能引領所有員警澈底轉型，從自利的追求，轉而關注於公共利益的追求，此一理念就是Bernard M. Bass所倡導的「轉換型領導」(trandsformational leadership)與「交易型領導」(transactional leadership)的綜合運用。 　　因此，本研究首先將「交易型領導」視之為達成警政服務品質遠景的管理策略，而將「轉換型領導」視之為促使警察人員在態度上全盤轉變的文化轉型策略，深入探討這兩個理論的內涵以及二者的整合效果；第二，從思想演進、學術背景等兩方面探討警政服務品質的理論基礎，並依「全面品質管理」與「社區警政」的相關理念，指出「公正性」、「認真執勤」、「服務社區」等三個警政服務品質的決定性面向；第三，將「轉換型領導」與「警政服務品質」這兩個理論領域加以結合，提出提昇警政服務品質的轉換型領導策略；第四，以我國縣市警察局相關人員為研究對象進行實證研究，除了嚴格要求信度、效度、以及樣本代表性之外，並深入分析轉換型與交易型領導因素對警政服務品質的影響關係，從而驗證本文的研究架構；最後根據實證分析與說明提出研究發現，並從理論研究、實務運用、後續研究等三方面分別提出研究建議。