臺灣在郊出現以前縱使農商業經濟已經開展，卻並無商業團體存在。18世紀中葉以後，進入臺灣開墾貿易的商民倍增，如何協調生意上的糾紛、應付官府攤派的地方公務，成為商人亟需面對的課題，郊就在這樣的背景之下形成於臺灣。 因此本文聚焦於臺灣歷史上規模最大的商業團體—臺南三郊，探討臺南三郊在各個時期與地方政府及地域社會之間的互動。嘉慶元年（1795），臺南三郊正式出現後，三郊並透過各種公共事務的參與，例如驅逐海盜、運榖平糴、調解華洋糾紛、修築軍工廠港道、辦理團練，換來清政府賞賜公戳記、匾額、花紅以及免納租息的土地業權。 清代與日治政權交替之際，許多商人紛紛停業內渡清國，臺南三郊一時大為衰退，直到明治32年（1899）才重興。本文指出殖民政府對於臺南三郊重興，扮演了關鍵決策者的角色，並且在日後引導臺南三郊建立臺南商工會。日治初期臺南三郊重建以後，商人透過傳統的商業團體，進行現代性的投資，建立了臺南信用組合與維新製糖會社。 大正時期以後，三郊的商業團體機能轉移到臺南商工會。轉型後的臺南三郊積極參與社會活動，卻也遇到了市區改正拆毀三郊街屋，而三郊被定位為祭祀公業無法領取賠償金的問題，因此規劃申請將組織社團法人化，然而社團法人化的議題，卻因為三郊內部的派系鬥爭遭到擱置。昭和13年（1938）舊派控告新派虧空郊產、收取回扣，經過纏訟後，雙方在昭和15年（1940）經州廳指示，將臺南三郊解散，而其產業納入臺南商工經濟會名下，戰後由臺南市商會接收。 / Even though the agricultural and business activities in Taiwan had developed at certain extent, however there was not any associations of merchants until Jiao（郊） appeared. After the middle of the 18th century, with the increasing number of Chinese merchants entering Taiwan for land development and trading, the mechanism of resolving the dispute in business, handling the public affairs assigned from the local government had become an urgency. In this context, Jiao came into being in Taiwan as a result. This article will be focusing on the biggest associations of merchants that ever appeared in Taiwan—Tainan-San-Jiao（臺南三郊）, and investigating its interaction with the local government and with the regional society in each period. After its formal appearance in Jia-Qing（嘉慶） 1st year （1795）, through participating in various public affairs such as driving out the pirates, transporting and purchasing grains at fair price, dealing with disputes between local and foreign merchants, building canals that connected military factories to sea, organizing and training militia（Tuanlian團練）, Tainan-San-Jiao obtained the official seal, plaques, reward and land property rights without paying land tax. Upon the change of regime from Qing Dynasty to Japanese government, many merchants chose to suspend their business and returned to mainland China, the function of Tainan-San-Jiao had declined for a period of time. It was not until Meiji（明治） 32nd year（1899） did it revive. This article will point out that the colonial government has played a key role in policy making which contributed to the revival of Tainan-San-Jiao, and later led Tainan-San-Jiao to establish the Shoukoukai（商工會）. After the revival of Tainan-San-Jiao, the merchants made modern investments through this traditional merchant organization, and built up Tainan Credit Cooperative(Shinyoukumiai信用組合) and Ishin Sugar Company(Ishin seitoukaishixya維新製糖會社) . In Taishou（大正） period, the function of merchant organization of Tainan-San-Jiao has been transferred to the Chamber of Commerce. After transformation, Tainan-San-Jiao which was no longer merchant organization, actively participated in social activities, in the meanwhile the house property belonged to Tainan-San-Jiao was tore down due to the Urban Renewal in progress. However, Tainan-San-Jiao failed to receive compensation since Tainan-San-Jiao was then seen as a property-owning ancestral worship association(祭祀公業). Tainan-San-Jiao therefore planed to apply for transforming to Corporation Aggregate, yet the issue was postponed owing to the conflicts among factions within the organization. In Shouwa（昭和） period, the old faction accused the new faction of the embezzling property and receiving sales commission. After a period of litigation, the two factions eventually decided to dismiss Tainan-San-Jiao under the order of the government, and its property was shifted to the Chamber of Commerce, later was taken over by the Chamber of Commerce of Tainan City aftermath of World War 2.

土木技師公會係依政府法令規定而由具有執業土木技師資格者為會員組成之社團法人組織，兼具業務服務與非營利組織雙重的特質。由於執業權受環境的影響，土木技師公會自成立以來即不斷與政府法令抗爭，目前收入最大宗的現況鑑定業務，也面臨了激烈的競爭環境。 本論文採Aaker策略市場管理模式，綜合Glueck提出之策略規劃架構，以個案研究方式，選擇台北市土木技師公會作為研究對象，探討個案公會目前面臨問題及可採行之經營策略，獲得結論如下： 1. 土木技師公會現況鑑定業務經營之關鍵成功因素為良好的人脈關係、良好的工作品質、良好的社會形象及良好的價格優勢。 2. 因環境改變，個案公會面臨現況鑑定業務的減少。 3. 外在環境仍讓個案公會會員之執業權受限。 4. 宜要求政府立法成立一專責機構負責推動全國土木建設事宜。 5. 個案公會業務宜採穩定策略，保障執業權宜採擴張策略。 文最後對個案公會可採行策略方案提出建議，另外對土木技師公會面臨問題、政府作法及後續研究方向也提出建議，以供後續研究者參考。