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臺灣原住民的遷徙:鵬飛抑或蓬飛 / Migration of Taiwan aborigines: clime-up or stumble in life course?劉千嘉, Liu, Chien Chia Unknown Date (has links)
本研究運用多元資料,自不同面向揭露臺灣原住民的遷徙樣貌,並連結遷徙與原住民個人社會地位取得的關連。藉遷徙多層次社會鑲嵌的特質,以解開原住民頻繁遷徙但並未對等呈現向上社會流動的弔詭。本研究同時檢視原住民族於臺灣大社會的位置,包含其空間分布、流動趨勢及其社會經濟地位。研究主要發現如下:(1)歷經卅年的遷移,原住民族大量移徙西半部,並集中在三大都會區,不同遷徙類型在各區域形成流動體系,以北部體系及東部體系擁有較大的遷徙流量;(2)原住民族較一般民眾更易集中在中低度現代化區域,主要係往都會區周邊移動,臺北縣與桃園縣對初級與連續遷徙有極大的拉力;(3)原住民族與一般民眾的遷徙模式相近,遷徙主要是朝鄰近區域與核心縣市移動,但原住民族重複遷徙行為較為獨特,連續遷徙與回流遷徙呈相反的流動;(4)自遷徙決策模型可發現,遷徙受多重因素影響,除工作要素外,家庭居住安排、生命階段的居住區位、區域性資本、社會網絡與遷徙成本及預算皆會影響其遷徙決策;長遠而言,遷徙有助於個人取得教育資源、提升社經地位,無力遷徙者與遷徙者間貧富差距逐漸拉大;(5)與理論預期相反,初級與回流遷徙對個人地位取得具正面效益,連續遷徙則為負向作用,此與原住民族社會網絡有限鑲嵌及累積資本困難所致;(6)隨著人口移動,原居地與移入地社群重組,原居地經歷了人口老化、祖孫家庭增加、傳統部落秩序瓦解,移入地蓬勃的制度化社群組織、族群聚落、同鄉會與協進會扮演都市原住民與原鄉的橋樑,遷徙所生成的脈絡亦將影響後續移動者的社會處境。奠基以上研究發現,提出政策建議與未來研究方向。 / Mainly based on a variety of data, this research aims to study several aspects of migration of Taiwan aborigines and to explore the association and causal relationship between migration and the advance of socioeconomic status. This study is originally inspired from an observed paradox that, according to the theoretical expectation and a body of existing empirical evidences, it has long been confirmed that migration is an effective means of promoting individual social mobility and lifetime wellbeing; nevertheless, the fact that the Taiwan aborigines are associated with lower socioeconomic status does not fit the fact of Taiwan aborigines being more mobile than the ordinary people. The purposes of this dissertation are (1) to characterize migration types and pattern of Taiwan aborigines, including spatial pattern, migration and mobility tendency and likelihood, and their social economic status, (2) to distinguish determinants of aborigine migration, and (3) to examine the outcome of migration whether it helps or stumbles the advance of aborigine’s socioeconomic status and mobility. Main findings are as follows: (1) in the past three decades, voluminous aborigines migrated to the western urbanized area, with the three major metropolitan areas of Taiwan as the major destination for aborigine migrants; it also forms migratory system in each area, with northern Taiwan and eastern Taiwan gaining the most number of migrants; (2) Although metropolitan areas serve as major destination for aborigine migrants, the study finds that they tend to concentrate more on the periphery than on the core area. Both counties of Taipei and Taoyuan are very attractive for primary and onward migrants; (3) the migration pattern of ordinary people is similar to that of aborigines. People usually tend to move to neighborhood and the core city. In addition, repeat migration is much more noteworthy than its primary counterpart, and onward migration is totally opposite to return migration; (4) The model of aboriginal migration indicates that migration is affected by various factors. The most salient ones include work status, living arrangement, attributes of residential location, location-specific capital, ethnic network, and availability of migration budget. Because migration help acquire educational resources and improve one’s socioeconomic status, the gap between migrants and people who are not capable of making migration will become exaggerated; (5) in opposition to theoretical expectation, primary and return migrations exhibit positive effect on the improvement of individual socioeconomic status, whereas onward migration should have negative effect. This finding is not counter to various schools of migration theory, rather, it reflects a result of limited embedded inter- and intra-ethnic network and barriers of capital accumulation; (6) migration affects both communities of origin and destination. Aging population, increasing grandparent-grandchild family, collapsing tribal authority become prevalent in original community; on the other hand, flourishing ethnic enclaves, associations, and institutionalized organizations connect urban and hometown in destination community. The context which migration results from is changed by migration itself and further affects the situation of subsequent migrants. According to empirical findings, the dissertation further suggests corresponding policy implications and proposes future research direction.
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原住民教育與職業成就的相關 / The correlation of educational attainment and occupational status of Aborigines梁秋紅, Liang, Chiu Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的是基於Blau和Duncan的社會地位取得模型,來探討原住民教育與職業的關係,除了原住民父親教育、父親職業、教育程度、初職和目前職業成就等五個獎項外,尚加上社會歧視、工作動機和工作認知等三個變項。
本研究的資料是來自謝高橋(民82)所做的「台灣地區山胞就業與失業問題之調查研究」,依本研究的主要幾項從此項調查中摘取相關資料作為分析基礎。研究中所使用的統計方法包括聯列表,單因子變異量分析,皮爾森積差相關和多元迴歸分析等。
本研究主要的研究結果如下:
一、原住民家庭背景、社會歧視、工作動機,工作認知、教育程度及職業成就的分佈情形
(一)原住民的家庭出身以其父親的教有和職業為指標。可以看出隨著教育的普及,其父親的教有程度較雖較前略有提升,不識字的人數大幅減少.但大部分集中在國小階段;其父親的職業多半以從事農、漁業為主,但人數隨著時間漸漸減少,而體力工及非技術工卻呈現U字形的增加。
(二)原住民所感受的社會歧視,並沒有隨著時間而減少。
(三)工作動機已漸漸由家庭需要轉為為求自己發展。
(四)工作認知逐漸降低,不易掌握市場就業資訊。
(五)原住民的教育程度略有提昇,但仍集中在低學歷階段。
(六)原住民所從事的工作多半位居整個台灣職業結構的下層,職業成就偏低。
二、將教育程度、初職及目前職業轉換成等距尺度,進行單因子變異數分析及事後比較。結果發現原住民的教育程度、初職聲望及目前職業聲望有隨著社會經濟的發展而提升的趨勢,但是從平均數來看,在年輕一輩的原住民中(15-30歲間),教育平均程度為2.43,根據本研究的編碼方式,差不多相當於國中階段;初職平均聲望為32.06,差不多相當於受雇買賣人員;目前職業平均聲望為33.64,差不多相當於技藝及有關工作人員。由此可知,原住民教育程度,初職聲望及目前職業聲望雖較前提高,但是也是集中在低學歷、工業生產有關工作上。
三、原住民在教有取得的過程中,以父親教有的影響最大,但隨著社會經濟的發展,而有下降的趨勢。
四、原住民在取得初職地位的過程中,以教有程度的影響最大,但隨著杜會經濟的發展,而有下降的趨勢。
五、原住民在取得目前職業成就的過程中,以初職地位的影響最大,但隨著社會經濟的發展,而有下降的趨勢。
六、原住民接受高中以上教育,較能提高職業聲望,但隨著社會經濟的發展。而有下降的趨勢。
本研究根據上述研究結果加以討論,並提供若干建議以供政府有關單位及後續研究之參考。
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