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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

蒙特梭利自由思想教育意涵之研究

莊梨青, Chuang, Li-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
隨著歐洲十七世紀啟蒙運動的發展,歐洲人深信人類在運用理性之下,社會是會趨向進步;而藉著教育的助力,社會的不良現象會被革除。但是傾向成人本位或課程本位的教育模式,學習者的主體性被忽視;不同於一般的教育觀點,二十世紀初蒙特梭利提出兒童本位的教育模式,希望透過教育讓生命趨向自由。從當前「另類教育」之觀點來看,蒙特梭利的教育思想重視學習主體與深刻反省教育歷程,雖然時空移至現今的台灣社會,仍有值得借鏡之處。本研究採取歷史研究法中的文獻分析法,藉由對蒙特梭利原典之詮釋,進行其自由思想的教育意涵的探討。 全文透過其思想淵源「實際施教的經驗」、「學術的背景」、「教育哲學的思潮」、「宗教的背景」與「個人的特質」五個面向的背景說明,探究蒙特梭利教育思想建構中的「兒童觀」與「教育藍圖」,進而從學習主體於教育歷程中發展與學習需要的角度,闡述出蒙特梭利教育理論中「選擇、發展、獨立與社會性」的自由思想之教育意涵,並從「預備適當的環境」、「提供適性的工作」、「創造社會性的生活」與「培養教師的精神」四個範疇論述蒙特梭利教師如何實踐自由教育思想,啟迪兒童智慧與潛能。 最後,在關照蒙特梭利全人發展觀下,以「人的未確定性—希望v.s.等待」、「人的自我完成性—創造v.s.陪伴」、「人的依他起性—覺醒v.s.啟迪」的人類圖像,闡述學習歷程中兒童與教師的角色,並透過教育倫理學的進路研析蒙特梭利自由思想的教育啟示。 關鍵字:蒙特梭利、自由、另類教育 / With the development of Enlightenment in Europe during the 17th century, the Europeans believed that the society would make progress and the illiteracy would be eliminated under the use of human rationality. Besides, the badness of our society would be reformed with the help of education. However, the adult-based or curriculum-based education ignored the subjectivity of learners. Montessori had a different viewpoint that the pattern of education must be children-based. She hoped that education would make life tend towards freedom. In light of the viewpoint of “alternative education” nowadays, she stresses on the learning subjectivity and the reflection of educating process. Although being in different time and space, it is still referable to us. The researcher takes literature review in historical research as the method of this study in order to have a comprehensive understanding of Montessori’s Freedom education by interpreting her masterpieces. In this article, the researcher inquires the respect towards children and the educational blueprint constructed by Montessori through the illustration of the five elements of her origin of thoughts including the experience of teaching, the background of academic training, the ideological trend of philosophy of education, the background of her religion, and her personal traits. Then, elaborate the educational meanings of Freedom including choice, development, independence, and social through the educational process. In addition, discuss how Montessori teachers practice freedom in education and inspire children’s intelligence and potential through the four categories as follow: preparation of proper environment, providing of adaptable task, creation of social life, and fostering teachers’ spirits. In the end, in light of Montessori’s holistic development, the researcher expounds the roles of children and teachers in learning process according to the human portraits of “uncertainty of human – hopes versus waiting”, “self-constructuon of human – creation versus companion”, and “independency of human – awakening versus enlightening”. And study the educational inspiration of Montessori’s Freedom education through the access of educational ethics. Key words: Montessori、freedom、alternative education
2

蒙特梭利教育、華德福教育及其相關因素與幼兒氣質、社會能力之研究 / The study of Young Children's Temperament and Social Competence with Montessori Education, Waldorf Education and the Related Factors

張頴瑜, Cheong, Weng U Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的在於比較接受蒙特梭利教育與華德福教育對幼兒氣質與社會能力表現上之差異。研究對象以立意取樣方式,選取實施蒙特梭利教育與華德福教育之幼兒園,並從中選取滿五足歲之幼兒各30名進行評量。在本研究中,幼兒氣質指的是活動量、適應度、趨近性、情緒強度、注意力分散度及堅持度;社會能力指的是人際互動、團體規範及獨立自主。研究工具在幼兒氣質方面,採用林佩蓉、湯梅英、王珮玲(1992)所修訂的「幼兒氣質量表」;在社會能力方面,則採用趙麗華(2009)所編訂的「學前幼兒社會行為量表」。 針對本研究受試樣本在幼兒氣質、社會能力的評量資料,研究者採用SPSS(21版)統計軟體進行描述性統計、內部一致性、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、Scheffe’事後比較作分析與統計,再針對研究結果進行分析、討論與評析。本研究之研究結果摘要如下: 一、 不同性別之幼兒在幼兒氣質中,活動量、情緒強度與注意力分散度表現不一,其中男生之表現皆高於女生。 二、 不同家庭社會地位之幼兒在幼兒氣質中活動量表現不一,其中低家庭社會地位之幼兒高於高、中家庭社會地位之幼兒。 三、不同性別、家庭社會地位之幼兒在社會能力表現上皆無差異。 四、 接受不同幼教課程模式(蒙特梭利教育、華德福教育)之幼兒在幼兒氣質中趨近性表現不一,其中接受蒙特梭利教育之幼兒較接受華德福教育之幼兒高。 五、 接受不同幼教課程模式(蒙特梭利教育、華德福教育)之幼兒在社會能力中人際互動表現不一,其中接受華德福教育之幼兒較接受蒙特梭利教育之幼兒高。 由本研究可知,性別、家庭社會地位、課程與幼兒氣質、社會能力有部分相關,建議未來的研究可以本研究為出發點,繼續探究相關因素、課程與幼兒氣質、社會能力之關聯。
3

蒙特梭利教育學說及其在現代幼兒心理與教育研究上之地位

許惠欣, Xu, Hui-Xin Unknown Date (has links)
本文僅一冊,約八萬字,共分五章: 第一章 緒論。共分四節:第一節為「研究動機」;第二節為「研究目的」;第三節  為「研究範圍」;第四節為「研究方法」。由於蒙氏對幼兒教育有獨特的原理與方法 ,它解決筆者心中的疑難,如同我的知音、良友與內在的導師,故筆者選擇蒙特梭利 來奠定自己的幼教理論基礎。更希望藉闡揚其學說作為我國實施幼教上的一點指南。 讓幼教人士與父母了解幼年的特徵,工作對幼兒發展的重要性,如何實施幼兒教育等 。 第二章 生平與著作。由於蒙氏是位科學家(醫生),具有獨特的見解,與無窮的創 造力,故筆者以創造思維之四歷程來描繪蒙氏的一生。第一節為「預備階段」,敘述 蒙氏自幼時至得到醫學博士學位間的經歷與其獨特的人格特質;第二節為「醞釀階段 」,敘述蒙氏在羅馬大學附設之精神病診療所與國立特殊學校之工作體驗與心得;第 三節為「啟明階段」,敘述蒙氏在兒童之家之實驗研究與發現;第四節為「驗證階段 」,敘述蒙氏如何到各地宣傳自己的學說與其自己不斷的研究著作的結晶;第五節則 簡介蒙氏著作。 第三章 教育學說。第一節為「思想淵源」,主要以法國醫生伊塔與塞根二人之理論 、研究來論述。第二節為「教育原理」,以工作哲學思想來論述,將蒙氏之工作思想 與幼兒工作之自然法則加以詳盡的闡述。第三節為「蒙特梭利教學法」,說明蒙氏如 何以兒童為中心,將其預備環境、教具與指導員三者如何妥善安排,致使幼兒之身心 得以健全發展。 第四章 蒙氏教育學說在現代幼兒心理與教育研究上之地位。筆者循四方面來探討。 第一節為「蒙氏學說何以在美國復甦」;第二節為「蒙氏學說在現代幼兒心理學研究 上之角色」;第三節為「蒙氏學說在現代幼兒教育研究上之角色」;第四節為「美國 蒙特梭利學校之實施研究」。 第五章 結論。筆者以二節(第一節為:蒙氏教育學說之優劣;第二節為蒙氏學說應 用於我國幼教上可能遭遇的困難)來探討蒙氏教育學說在我國幼教上之可行性。
4

蒙特梭利幼兒教育的幼兒就學準備度之研究 / The school readiness of montessori early childhood education

莊佳樺, Chuang, Chia Hua Unknown Date (has links)
蒙特梭利教育推行逾百年,至今屹立不搖,主要有賴蒙特梭利以科學方法發現了幼兒成長的原理和法則,其以幼兒為中心,將教學法劃分為三個要素: (1)預備的環境,(2)教師,(3)教具,透過三者相輔相成,引導幼兒學習。不過,蒙特梭利教育目前仍被視為另類教學,人們擔心蒙氏幼兒教育缺乏情感、創造力與人際互動的學習,並對蒙氏幼兒教育是否能與小學教育接軌感到疑慮。對此,中華民國蒙特梭利教師協會在2007年慶祝蒙特梭利教育100周年紀念特刊中指出許多追蹤研究顯示,蒙特梭利孩子除了在課業成績表現優異外,在主動學習、人際關係、情緒管理上也優於一般小孩。由於近十餘年來,「幼兒就學準備度」的觀念日趨重視,教育部正積極編訂的「幼兒園教保活動及課程大綱」也特別重視幼小銜接,因此,研究者將從幼兒就學準備的觀點,探討蒙特梭利教育。本研究首先採用文獻分析法探討蒙特梭利教育與就學準備度的共同脈絡,並依據探討之結果,建構「蒙特梭利教育與五歲幼兒就學準備度評量對照表」,進而運用問卷調查進行專家效度之檢視,以做對照表的修訂。接續研究者使用調查研究的方式,評量接受蒙特梭利教育之幼兒的就學準備度,將蒐集的資料進行統計及分析。本研究所使用的統計方法包含描述性統計分析、交叉表(Crosstabs)與卡方檢定(Chi-square test)、皮爾森積差相關(Pearson’s product -moment correlation)、斯皮爾曼等級相關(Spearman's rank correlation)、t考驗(t- test)與單因子變異數分析(one way ANOVA)。研究結論如下: 壹、蒙特梭利教育與五歲幼兒就學準備度評量對照表的對應度高,顯示五歲幼兒就學準備度評量表中所關心的幼兒行為能力,與蒙特梭利幼兒教育的教學內容高度相符。初步反映蒙特梭利教育的內容符合我國幼兒教育對幼兒基本能力之要求與發展,有利我國幼兒發展入小學前的就學準備。 貳、本研究所取樣就讀蒙特梭利幼兒園之幼兒,具有良好的就學準備度。 參、就學準備度差異存在於幼兒就讀/非就讀蒙特梭利幼兒園之間,其中以幼兒就讀蒙特梭利幼兒園之就學準備度較高。 肆、蒙特梭利兒童背景變項中,蒙特梭利幼稚園與托兒所在「健康與身體領域」、「認知數理邏輯與科學領域」的就學準備度達顯著差異;幼兒就讀蒙特梭利幼兒園年數與就學準備度無顯著相關;不同性別的蒙特梭利幼兒就學準備度無顯著差異。 伍、蒙特梭利教師背景變項中,蒙特梭利教師大班(含混齡)教學年資與「健康與身體領域」、「語言與溝通領域」、「認知數理邏輯與科學領域」、「認知文化藝術領域」、及「整體」的就學準備度有顯著正相關;蒙特梭利教師最高學歷與幼兒就學準備度有顯著正相關;不同蒙特梭利教師證照別之幼兒就學準備度無顯著差異。 最後,根據上述研究結論針對實務面以及未來研究提出建議。 / Montessori education has developed for over a century, mainly due to Montessori found the early childhood development principles and rules by the scientific method. She advocates child-centered,and there are three elements of Montessori education:(1)prepared environment, (2) teachers, (3) teaching aids, through the three to guide children's learning. However, in Taiwan, people worried about that Montessori education is lack of emotional, creativity , interpersonal learning, and the transition with primary education, therefore Montessori education is still being considered as an alternative education. In this regard, Montessori Teachers Association of the R.O.C pointed many longitudinal study shows that Montessori children perform better than the traditional-education children in many ways of academic achievements, active learning, interpersonal relationships, and emotional management. Nowadays, the concept of " school readiness " becomes more important, and the Ministry of Education is actively compiling the "Guidelines of Nursery Education Activities and Security Curriculum " which is particularly imply the importance of transition program. Thus, this study proposes to investigate Montessori education from the perspective of school readiness. First , researcher explored the common context of Montessori education and school readiness by document analysis, then based on the results to construct "The corresponding table of Montessori education and five-year-old children school readiness assessment “, and corrected the table by expert validity. Finally, assess the Montessori children's school readiness in actually. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Crosstabs, Chi-square test, Pearson’s product -moment correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, t- test, and one way ANOVA. The results were summarized as follow: A."The corresponding table of Montessori education and five-year-old children school readiness assessment “ is highly corresponded, show they concerned the same capacity of children. Initially reflected Montessori education conform the basic development requirements of Taiwan early child education, and could help children get ready into primary school. B. Montessori children in this study sample get good school readiness. C. There is significant difference towards the school readiness between children study /non-study Montessori kindergarten. D. There is significant difference towards school readiness of “physical health and development domain”、”mathematical logic and cognitive science domain” between Montessori kindergartens and Montessori child care;there is no significant correlation between children’s school year in Montessori kindergarten and children’s school readiness;there is no significant difference towards the school readiness between boys and girls. E. There is significant correlation in “physical health and development domain”、”language and communicate domain”、” mathematical logic and cognitive science domain”、” cultural and artistic domain” and ” overall average” between school readiness and the years of teaching five-year classes (ambiguous age);there is significant correlation between school readiness and the highest degree of Montessori teachers;there is no significant difference towards the school readiness between the teachers with different Montessori teacher license.
5

蒙特梭利語文教育與全語言教育對幼兒閱讀能力影響之探究 / The Comparison of literacy of young children who attended montessori or whole language education program

張筱瑩, Chang, Hsiao Ying Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的在於比較蒙特梭利語文教育與全語言教育對不同年齡幼兒閱讀能力影響之差異。研究對象為接受蒙特梭利教育與全語言教育的中班與大班學前幼兒。研究者選取兩所位於台北市且實施蒙特梭利與全語言教育之幼稚園,依照這些受試者的年齡、家庭社經地位、在園時間、入園時間及畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗分數等條件後,進行配對選取,最後選取的總受試幼兒共58名。本研究中之幼兒閱讀能力指幼兒聲韻覺識能力、認字量與閱讀理解能力。研究工具在聲韻覺識測驗上採用侯淑柔、林佩蓉(2007)所編製之聲韻覺識測驗中之得分,認字與閱讀理解力採用楊怡婷(1995)改編之故事及自編之理解能力測驗,幼兒閱讀能力之資料皆至幼稚園對幼兒施測而得。 研究結果顯示,幼兒閱讀能力,有「年齡」的差異,大班生優於中班生;幼兒閱讀能力有「教學法」的差異,接受蒙特梭利教學的幼兒在閱讀能力的表現上優於全語言教育的幼兒;在「年齡」與「教學法」的交互作用上並無顯著之差異。而單獨進行大班幼兒閱讀能力的差異檢定發現,大班幼兒在聲韻覺識上的表現呈現顯著差異,接受蒙特梭利教學的幼兒在閱讀能力的表現上優於全語言教育的幼兒,而在認字和閱讀理解上則無顯著差異;在中班幼兒閱讀能力的差異檢定結果,中班幼兒閱讀能力表現無論在聲韻覺識、認字量和閱讀理解上皆無顯著差異。此外,針對所有閱讀能力測驗結果進行相關分析後,發現聲韻覺識、認字量和閱讀理解兩兩之間皆具有顯著之相關,而在控制聲韻覺識變項之後,認字和閱讀理解呈現顯著的高度相關,而控制認字變項之後,聲韻覺識和閱讀理解之間的關係便消失了,足見認字在幼兒閱讀能力中所佔之重要角色。 / The purpose of this study was to compare the literacy of young children who attended Montessori or Whole Language education program. Their literacy which includes word recognition, reading comprehension, and phonological awareness. The sample (n=58) consisted of the pre-kindergarten (age 4-5, n=26) and kindergarten (age 5-6, n=32). Schools were selected base on grossly similar school profiles on Taipei city. To control and match age, socioeconomic status (SES), the score of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised of the children whose attended different programs. Results of the study showed significant difference on “age” and “education program” : The children in the kindergarten whose literacy was better than the children in the pre- kindergarten;the children attended Montessori education program whose literacy was better than the children attended Whole Language education program. Significant different on “phonological awareness” : The children in the kindergarten of the Montessori education program whose phonological awareness was higher than the children in the pre- kindergarten of the Whole Language education program, but no significant difference on “word recognition” and “reading comprehension”. The children in the pre-kindergarten between Montessori education program and Whole Language education program showed no significant difference on “word recognition” and “reading comprehension” and “phonological awareness”.

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