本研究旨在建構青少年藥物濫用與偏差行為之影響因素模式，並瞭解復原力如何對青少年藥物濫用與偏差行為產生影響。本研究共分為兩組，在一般組青少年的部份，以台灣地區11所國、高中職（含進修學校）1711 位青少年為研究對象;藥物濫用組則是以台灣地區13所矯治機構中，555位藥物濫用青少年為研究對象。研究工具包括衝動性人格量表、父母依附關係量表、師生互動關係量表、同儕關係量表、偏差同儕量表、青少年復原力量表、青少年偏差行為量表與藥物濫用程度量表。本研究採用描述性統計分析、探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關與結構方程模式進行資料分析。研究主要發現如下： （一） 藥物濫用組青少年之衝動性人格、與父母之間的疏離感、所接觸的偏差同儕及其行為偏差程度顯著高於一般組。 （二） 兩組青少年和父母、教師以及同儕之間均有良好的依附與互動關係。但一般組青少年之師生互動與同儕關係顯著高於藥物濫用組。 （三） 兩組青少年皆有良好的復原力。然一般組青少年在「同理心與人際互動」及「情緒調節」的得分上較高。而藥物濫用組則是在「希望與樂觀」的面向上得分較高。 （四） 整體而言，藥物濫用組青少年之藥物渴求與藥物依賴程度並不高。 （五） 衝動性人格與偏差同儕是直接影響青少年偏差行為的關鍵危險因子，而父母依附關係則是使得青少年偏差行為下降的保護因子。衝動性人格、師生互動關係、同儕關係以及偏差同儕會透過復原力，提高個體行為偏差的程度。僅有父母依附關係會透過復原力降低青少年的偏差行為。 （六） 藥物濫用雙模式驗證結果皆顯示復原力是直接影響青少年藥物濫用的關鍵保護因子；而偏差行為則是對青少年藥物濫用有直接影響的關鍵危險因子。衝動性人格、師生互動關係與偏差同儕都會透過復原力與偏差行為，而提高青少年藥物濫用的程度。而父母依附關係與同儕關係則是會透過復原力及偏差行為降低青少年的藥物濫用。 最後，根據本研究主要發現提出若干意見，以提供相關單位與人員在教育、犯罪矯正與學術研究上之參考。 / The aim of this study was to construct the factor model of drug abuse and delinquency among adolescent and to explore the influence of resilience on the factor model. The participants in this study were 1711 middle school students and 555 youth drug offenders in prisons in Taiwan. Moreover, the employed instruments included the Inventory of Impulsive Personality, the Inventory of Mentoring Function, the Inventory of Meaning Making, the Inventory of Parent Attachment, the Inventory of Teacher-student Interaction, the Peer Subscale of TRICA, the Inventory of peer delinquency, the Inventory of Adolescent Resilience, Juvenile delinquency Questionnaire, and the Inventory of Drug Abuse. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, one-way MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and SEM. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) Youth drug offenders had high levels impulsivity and engaged in more delinquent behavior than the normal group; they also felt more alienated by their parents; youth drug offenders’ peers engage in more delinquent behaviors than the normal subjects. (2) Both normal subjects and youth drug offenders were perceived high levels of teacher-students interaction, parental attachment, and good peer relationship. Nevertheless, normal subjects had stronger perceived teacher’s influence and better peer relationship than the youth drug offenders. (3) Both normal subjects and youth drug offenders had high levels of resilience; nevertheless, normal subjects outperformed the youth drug offenders on the “empathy and interpersonal interaction” and “emotional regulation”. Youth drug offenders outperformed the normal subjects on the “hope and optimism”. (4) Youth drug offenders didn’t have high levels of drug craving, dependence, and drug abuse. (5) Adolescent impulsive personality and peer delinquency as the risk factors had direct effects on juvenile delinquency; conversely, parental attachment was the protective factors. Moreover, adolescent impulsive personality, teacher-student interaction, peer relationship, and peer delinquency had indirect effect on their delinquent behavior via resilience. (6) According to these two factor models of drug abuse, teacher-student interaction and peer delinquency had direct effect on drug abuse for model 1; and only teacher-student interaction had direct effect on drug abuse for Model 2. Moreover, the results of these two factor models, resilience were the important protective factor against drug abuse; conversely, juvenile delinquency as the risk factor had the direct effect on drug abuse. As the result, impulsive personality, teacher-student interaction, and peer delinquency had indirect positive effect on drug abuse via resilience and juvenile delinquency; moreover, parental attachment and peer relationship had indirect negative effect on drug abuse via resilience and juvenile delinquency. Recommendations for family, school, correctional institution, and future study are discussed.

近年來，毒品氾濫問題日益嚴重，而毒品犯罪亦成為社會最關注的焦點，甚至衍生毒品危害及黑幫勢力入侵校園等校園危安事件，導致學生藥物濫用案件逐年攀升，而施用毒品年齡層亦有下降的趨勢，再加上臺灣人口成長趨緩，社會面臨少子化的危機，如何有效防制學生藥物濫用，不論在社會治安維護，或是經濟發展面向，甚至於國家安全層面，已成為刻不容緩的重大國安議題。 而國內毒品濫用狀況日趨複雜，常見報章媒體報導青少年群聚在PUB、KTV及汽車旅館等場所集體轟趴嗑藥，或是販毒集團利用學生擔任藥頭角色，透過類似「老鼠會」的運作模式，引誘同儕加入吸毒或販毒行為，更甚者如黑道勢力入侵校園，幫派角頭以毒品控制青少年從事暴力討債或性交易，使青少年藉此換取金錢及毒品等危害社會治安及校園安全案件， 在在顯示我國青少年藥物濫用情形持續惡化。 隨著台灣快速地發展，由傳統社會拓展到工業社會，如今又逐漸進展至網絡社會，並朝向全球化的趨勢發展之中，社會組織結構產生非常急遽的變化，傳統的道德倫理觀念已不復存在，而青少年在生理及心智方面未臻成熟，進而衍生許多負面問題，如飆車、狂野派對等偏差行為，導致吸食毒品人口年輕化、吸食毒品種類多樣化。近年我國毒品問題確實產生相當變化，不僅是青少年藥物濫用問題，也包括新興合成毒品之盛行、毒癮者傳染愛滋病與其他傳染病等公共衛生議題，而毒品防制措施雖持續精進，唯國內毒品問題仍然嚴重，吸食毒品人口並無減少，而施用非法藥物人口也早已侵入青少年階層。