中日全面戰爭及冷戰前期中共與日本的對峙造成了「中」日之間戰爭處理問題的懸而未決，也是當前「中」日間歷史問題的根源。歷史記憶引發中共與日本之間的互不信任及錯誤認知的發生，儘管有著共同合作的需求及意願，但隨著對外在安全環境評估以及安全戰略的轉變，中共與日本開始將對方視為國家安全的威脅，競相發展更快速、更大範圍的反擊能力嚇阻對方，意圖逼使對方讓步成為「懦夫」以保障國家利益，從而進一步相互刺激，形成了「中」日之間的安全困境。美國的介入及美日安全同盟關係的加強，一方面造成了「中」日間歷史問題的形成以及安全困境的難以緩和，但美國的強大嚇阻力也發揮了令中共投鼠忌器、甚至讓中共有意藉助美國之力穩定現狀的效果，使得安全困境仍處於可控制的程度，中共與日本間的安全戰略關係也呈現出競爭與合作並存的「競合」局面，一方面推動了亞太地區安全合作的發展，但雙方對領導地位的競爭卻也阻礙了合作程度的進一步提升。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(教育学) / 甲第19439号 / 教博第183号 / 新制||教||157(附属図書館) / 32475 / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科教育科学専攻 / (主査)教授 子安 增生, 教授 楠見 孝, 准教授 野村 理朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM

生活於手機相機普及的今日，人們逐漸依賴隨手可得的行動裝置記錄生活，影像記錄儼然成為今日人們記錄生活的方式之一。本研究致力於提供使用者個人化之飲食管理系統，讓使用者在利用影像記錄飲食之時，改變自身的多樣性飲食攝取行為，讓個體更為健康。透過健康控制與社會認知理論，我們以影像後設資料的運用，增加自我效能，提供使用者方便的飲食記錄方式、以及更能掌握自身的營養狀況，讓使用者在記錄飲食的同時，還能改變自身飲食攝取行為，更能作為未來回憶飲食狀況之線索。在實驗設計上，我們邀請6位受試者使用本研究所開發的飲食管理系統，利用兩週的時間真實模擬生活中的飲食記錄環境。我們分析使用者實驗前後的自我效能問卷，以及所記錄的飲食記錄作為評估依據。實驗結果顯示，我們的系統能夠提升個體自我效能外，還能夠改變個體的飲食攝取行為。因此本研究有效促進自我效能感協助使用者在記錄生活，讓個體飲食更加健康 / In these days, as the popularity of smart phone grows, people tend to rely on mobile devices to record their lives. Digital photograph has become one of the ways people recording their daily lives. This research is aimed at providing users with personalized dietary management system, allowing users not only use photos to record their life, but also change their behavior to keep users in good health. Based on health control and social cognitive theory, this application utilizes the metadata of the images to enhance self-efficacy, to provide users an easier way to record their dietary and take better control of their own health. Furthermore, the data of the application allows users to recall the dietary and thus improves users’ dietary habits. For the experimental design, 6 subjects were invited to use rthis dietary management application, to record their daily dietary in two weeks. The subjects were asked to use the system, and answer a questionnaire related to the self-efficiency of their adequate dietary after using the application. Experimental results shows that this system not only helps users enhance individual self-efficacy in dietary but also change their dietary habit to achieve the goal of balanced dietary and in good health.

本研究之目的在於探討線上社群協作與其前置因素之關係，並且檢驗社群投入度之中介效果。首先，本研究應用角色內與角色外行為分類，提出角色內與角色外線上社群協作之類型。其次，依據社會認知理論與社會交換理論，本研究提出線上社群協作之前置因素，包括對個人之結果預期、對社群之結果預期、知覺社群信任、知覺社群規範、知覺社群支持與知覺社群認同。最後，本研究基於投入度觀點，檢驗社群投入度對於線上社群協作及其前置因素之中介效果。 本研究之研究情境為玩家公會社群，本研究自一知名大型多人線上遊戲中收集340份有效問卷進行資料分析與假設檢驗，研究結果顯示：(1) 除社群禮貌外，社群投入度對於社群合作行為、助人行為與運動家精神皆有正向影響；(2) 對個人之結果預期與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(3) 對社群之結果預期與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(4) 知覺社群信任與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(5) 知覺社群規範與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介，但社群規範對於運動家精神亦有直接負向效果；(6) 知覺社群認同與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介，但社群認同亦會直接正向影響社群合作與助人行為；(7) 然而，知覺社群支持與線上社群協作行為之關係，並不會受到社群投入度所中介。針對上述之研究結果，本研究進一步闡述其學術研究意涵、實務管理意涵，以及研究限制與未來研究方向。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between online community collaboration and its antecedents by examining the mediating effect of community engagement. First, this study proposes a classification of online community collaboration by following the typology of in-role and extra-role behaviors. Accordingly, this study will further examine some of online community collaboration behaviors, including community cooperation, helping behavior, community courtesy, and sportsmanship. Second, drawing upon social cognitive theory and social exchange theory, this study identifies several antecedents of online community collaboration, including person-relevant outcome expectancy, community-relevant outcome expectancy, perceived community trust, perceived community norms, perceived community support, and perceived community identification. Finally, from the perspective of engagement, this study will examine the mediating effect of community engagement on the proposed model. The research setting of this study is online gaming communities. After collecting 340 valid responses from a famous Massive Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG), our results show that (1) community engagement affects community cooperation, helping behavior and sportsmanship positively, but does not have a significant effect on community courtesy; (2) the relationships between person-relevant outcome expectancy and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (3) the relationships between community-relevant outcome expectancy and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (4) the relationships between perceived community trust and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (5) the relationships between perceived community norms and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement, but perceived community norms also has a direct and negative impact on sportsmanship; (6) the relationships between perceived community identification and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement, but perceived community identification also has direct and positive impacts on community cooperation and helping behavior; (7) the relationships between perceived community support and online community collaboration behaviors are not mediated by community engagement. According to these findings, this study concludes with research implications, managerial implications, research limitations and future research directions.