本文是針對台灣在戒嚴時期的台灣民主自治同盟案件所作之研究，筆者所先梳理謝雪紅等人士在戰後成立台盟之過程，了解謝雪紅的台盟組織是如何在台灣已無勢力的情況下，卻成為國民黨政府羅織政治案件的對象，並且從這樣的過程中去了解白色恐怖的樣態。 謝雪紅等人在二二八事件後逃到香港成立了台盟組織，由於其反抗蔣政權的主張，因此成為中共在建國時積極攏絡的對象。在這樣的背景之下，加上謝雪紅等人在日治時期以來的左翼背景，因此也成為國民黨政府在鞏固政權時的威脅，尤其國民黨政府在國共對峙的情況下，對於「叛亂組織」是採取從寬認定的標準，台盟組織也衍生出許多的政治案件。 筆者從判決書等官方文件中篩選出共58件台盟案件，透過統計分析了解到台盟案件在案件年代和人數分布都與1950年代的政治案件分佈大致雷同，而在涉案人士的刑期方面則是有相當大比例被處以重刑，這與當時執政當局對叛亂團體的處置方式有關，而在涉案人士的籍貫部份，台盟案件人士籍貫主要是以台中和桃竹苗地區為主，這或許與台中地區是謝雪紅活躍的地區有關。 透過人事關係的分析可以了解到台盟案件是與省工委會組織相關者居多，造成這樣的原因筆者認為是與省工委會的活動方針和調查單位的偵辦手法有關。省工委往往以「台盟」為名義對外吸收成員，因此造成許多以台盟為名，但其實是省工委會的外圍組織案件；另一方面，台盟案件的擴大也與調查單位的偵辦手法有關，調查單位在偵辦所謂的叛亂組織案件時，採取了如嚴刑逼供、矇騙等「審訊手法」以及自新自首的方式來擴大案件波及的層面，因此也造成了許多以台盟為名的冤錯假案的發生。

as English abstract / Oppressed by the severe surveillance of the Japanese police in Taiwan, short-lived Taiwanese Communist Party (TCP) (1928-1931) marked a significant step in the Taiwan’s anti-Japanese movement and social thought. The TCP was the first political organization in Taiwan to put forward the slogan of Taiwan’s independence. Following the Comintern’s activation in the East in 1920s, the first contacts between the Taiwan’s leftists and the Comintern representatives took place in early 1920s. Starting from 1927, the Comintern pursued the policy of activation of the communist movement in the colonies and establishment of communist parties in these countries. Established on the Comintern directive in Shanghai with the help of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and being subordinated to the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), the TCP was developing quite independently under the leadership of Xie Xuehong and in the close alliance with the Taiwan Cultural Association and the Taiwan Peasants Union, until the end of 1930 when the TCP established a contact with the Far Eastern Bureau (FEB) of the Comintern through the TCP Shanghai representative, Weng Zesheng, who served as liaison with the Comintern. As the result, the Comintern activated its work toward Taiwan, started dispatching emissaries to Taiwan who in the framework of the Comintern’s rhetoric of that time promoted the Party’s reform to eliminate the “opportunistic errors”. The activation of the Party’s work followed, the Union for Reorganization was established. The Comintern did not have chance to adjust the activity of the reformed TCP as within few months after the beginning of actual interaction between the Comintern and the TCP, the TCP was destroyed by arrests. The thesis is devoted to the Comintern’s role in the TCP’s establishment, development, reform, establishment of the Union for Reorganization, the Party’s activation and destruction. The research is based on the TCP files deposited in the former archive of the Comintern. The documents include the correspondence of the representative of the TCP, Weng Zesheng, with the Comintern FEB. The correspondence between Weng Zesheng and the FEB sheds light on the inner-party processes in the TCP, clarifies the essence of the inner-party struggle and reform, and explores the role of personal relations in the inner-party struggle which resulted in the UFR establishment without direct involvement of the Comintern. The available now text of the consultations of Weng Zesheng with the CCP representative Qu Qiubai makes it possible to clarify the CCP’s involvement in the TCP’s development and reform and to conclude as to whose directive it was to commence the struggle against Xie Xuehong. The TCP’s history was short but very intensive. Abandoned by its superior, the JCP, and not having relations with the international communist leadership, the TCP suffered lack of the financial and ideological support, and was left for the mercy of unpredictable fate of the exhausting inner factional struggle, still was able to survive under the “white terror” until the Party’s reorganization in 1931. According to the research results, the TCP inner-party struggles during 1928-1931 were in fact the result of resistance to emigrant party groupings who were attempting to take control over the TCP’s Taiwan based Party organization. Neither the JCP and the CCP, nor the Comintern had a real opportunity to influence the activities of the Taiwan-based communists. Taiwan’s communists overseas used the Comintern’s rhetoric and their contacts with the Comintern and the CCP to promote their agenda in the inner-party struggle. The implementation of the plans of Weng Zesheng and the opponents of Xie Xuehong in Taiwan on the Party’s reform and activation led to the Party’s destruction by the Japanese administration.