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資訊透明度與財稅差異對價值攸關性之影響 / A Study on the Relation Between Information Transparency, Book-Tax Difference and Value Relevance王惠君 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇研究以Ohlson(1995)權益評價模式,探討不同資訊透明度下財稅差異之組成分及其對價值攸關性之影響,實證結果如下:
資訊揭露程度表彰公司透明度,資訊揭露程度較高之公司代表「較透明公司」,本研究以證券暨期貨市場發展基金會之公司治理評鑑結果為A++、A+與A之公司代表公司資訊透明度。預期較透明公司之財稅差異主要可能導因於租稅規劃,而增加盈餘價值攸關性,減少權益帳面價值攸關性。即,評鑑結果為A++、A+與A之公司相對於評鑑結果為A-、B、C、C-公司,其財稅差異較具資訊性。資訊揭露程度「較不透明公司」,即評鑑結果為A-、B、C、C-之公司,財稅差異主要可能係盈餘管理,而降低盈餘價值攸關性,增加權益帳面價值攸關性。即,評鑑結果為A-、B、C、C-公司相對於評鑑結果為A++、A+與A之公司,其財稅差異可能富含投機性而損害盈餘資訊性。實證結果顯示,不論資訊透明度高低,期財稅差異主要可能係投機性盈餘管理,且資訊揭露程度似乎不影響其盈餘管理動機。
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企業特性與財稅所得額差異之關聯性 / The association between firm characteristics and book-tax difference游晏瑀 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以2009年至2012年企業之財務報表中關於所得稅項目探討企業特性與財稅所得額差異之關聯性。實證結果顯示,應計項目較多的企業,其財稅所得額差異為正向關係。企業特性方面,獲利能力與銷貨成長率較高的企業,其財稅所得額差異較小,符合假說預期。另外,在控制產業特性後發現,電子業暫時性財稅所得額差異顯著高於非電子業,但電子業之投資抵減利益顯著高於其他產業,因而有較低之應納稅額。營建業之免稅財稅所得額差異顯著高於其他產業,符合我國稅法土地所得免稅之規定。最後,企業規模在永久性財稅所得額差異與暫時性財稅所得額差異都有不同的關係,在永久性差異中為負向關係,顯示出企業規模較大,較有資源進行降低應納所得稅的租稅規劃;反之,在暫時性差異中為正向關係,符合政治成本假說。應計調整項目愈多之企業,其財稅所得額差異具有正向之關係。 / Using a sample of Taiwan listed and OTC company, this research examines the relationship between firm characteristics and the differences in book-taxable income from 2009 to 2012. Empirical results show that firms with more accruals tend to have greater book-tax differences. From the perspective of firm characteristics, firms with greater profitability and sales growth rate tend to have smaller book-tax difference. The results are consistent with the expectation of the research hypotheses. Further, after controlling for the industry effects, the results show that the electronics companies have higher amount of temporary book-tax difference; however, they have greater investment tax credit than non-electronics companies, resulting in lower tax payables. In contrast, construction companies have higher tax-exempt book-tax difference than other companies, consistent with the provision of Taiwan’s tax law exempting capital gains on land transaction. Finally, the relationships between firm size and permanent or temporary book-tax income difference are different. Large firms tend to have a negative permanent book-tax difference, consistent with the notion that large firms own more resources for tax planning to reduce the tax payables. On the contrary, large firms tend to a positive temporary book-tax income difference, which is in line with the political cost hypothesis.
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我國上市(櫃)公司財稅差異與企業評價之研究楊秉芳 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以我國上市(櫃)公司89年至92年財務報表資訊及營利事業所得稅申報資料進行實證研究,探討造成我國財務會計所得與課稅所得差異之原因及財稅差異與企業評價之關係。在探討造成財稅差異原因方面,實證結果顯示除折舊費用未達統計上顯著水準外,呆帳費用、投資損失、存貨跌價損失及負債比率與財稅差異呈顯著負向關係,而投資利得、證券期貨交易所得、出售土地增益、企業規模、資產報酬率、電子業及營建業與財稅差異呈顯著正向關係。在探討財稅差異與企業評價之關係方面,本文援用Ohlson模型進行分析,結果發現財稅差異殘差項與股價呈正向關係,顯示投資人視未預期之財稅差異可能具有傳遞未來樂觀之財務會計所得或可節省稅負支出之租稅利益等資訊意涵因而反應於股價之上。依據實證結果,本文發現獲利能力越好或規模越大的公司越有可能透過租稅規劃,減少租稅上之負擔,此發現可作為稅務主管機關未來選案之參考;又本文也發現財稅差異具有資訊意涵,然現今財務報表揭露所得稅相關資訊有限,因此本研究建議證券主管機關應適度加強企業所得稅相關資訊之揭露與規範。 / Using 2000 to 2003 financial statement data and tax return data of listed and OTC companies in Taiwan, this study explores the sources of difference between tax income and financial reporting income and the relationships between book-tax differences and business valuation. The empirical results show that except for depreciation expense, bed debt expense, losses on investments, loss due to market decline of inventory, and financial leverage are negatively related with book-tax differences. However gains on investments, gains on securities transactions, gains in land transactions, business size, return on assets, the electronics industry, and the building industry are positively related with book-tax differences. The results also show that the regression residuals of book-tax differences are positively related with stock prices. This means that investors regard unexplained residuals as future earnings or income tax savings which are then reflected on the stock prices. The empirical results indicate that firms with greater profitability or large firms have greater incentives to conduct tax-planning which tend to reduce taxable income relative to income for financial reporting purposes. Our findings provide evidence for the Taxation Agency when doing audit adjustments and lend support for book-tax differences contain information that is relevant to firms’ valuation. However, in practice disclosure of information about income tax in financial statements is still limited, thus restricting investors in estimating book-tax differences. The security authority should devise appropriate accounting policies to improve disclosures on firms’ income tax information.
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財稅差異與管理階層獎酬之探討 / A Research on the Tax-Book Difference and Management Compensation Incentive徐瑩杰, Hsu, Ying-Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
從1990年起,美國財政部發佈之消息顯示,公司之財稅差異不斷擴大,每年預估之財稅收入不斷向下修正,公司是否透過財務會計準則與稅法間不同規定所產生之差異進行避稅行為,引發政府機關與學者之關切。另一方面,盈餘管理為近年來熱門的探討主題之一,因此,財稅差異是否為其中一種手法,為本研究探討之主題。
過去學者透過稅前財務所得之變動及組成來判斷盈餘管理之存在,本研究則透過財稅差異之變動幅度與稅前財務所得之連動關係,及過去文獻用以衡量盈餘管理之變數來測試財稅差異是否與盈餘管理有關。另一方面,管理階層獎酬為產生盈餘管理行為的重要誘因之一,故分析管理階層之誘因是否會影響財稅差異之幅度,也納入本研究探討之主題。最後,本研究從公司治理機制中財務報表之角度,分析公司治理機制是否對於財稅差異幅度有同樣之影響,加強本研究之結果。
本研究之實證結果顯示:(1)財稅差異之幅度可能為盈餘管理操弄手法之一;(2)管理階層獎酬誘因越大,透過財稅差異操弄盈餘之幅度越大,尤其以管理階層所獲取之現金紅利具有最高關聯性,且有持續三年影響效果;(3)公司治理機制之良莠,影響財稅差異幅度;(4)當財務所得大於課稅所得或是大於零時,管理階層透過財稅差異操弄盈餘之情形更加顯著。 / According to the report published by Internal Revenue Service in 1990s, corporate tax-book differences trends increasingly and consequently brings about the government and researchers’ concerns about whether managers’ incentives influence the way they manipulate the earnings by different regulation among financial income and taxable income. In this study, I will first develop the model to measure the relation between earnings management and tax-book differences.
On the other hand, compensation incentives are the major factors in earnings management. Therefore, the more the incentives, such as higher bonus, stockholding and bonus rates, the more possibilities earnings management. In addition, to enhance the result of the analysis; variables of corporate governance which have been testified as having connection with earnings management are added as robust test.
The result demonstrates that corporate tax-book difference is related to earning management, and that compensation incentives are the motives of managers to manipulate financial income for extra return. Moreover, corporate governance is also another factor which affects the degree of earnings management. Besides, this situation becomes more obvious when financial income is larger than taxable income or when it appears to be zero. This study may help explaining why large tax- book gaps trend increasingly.
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我國上市櫃公司財稅差異及財稅稅額差異之決定因素-以臺北國稅局為例 / Determinants of Book-Tax Income and Tax Differences in Listed Companies-National Taxation Bureau of Taipei張純純 Unknown Date (has links)
財務會計所得是依循一般公認會計原則計算而來,目的係提供投資者或債權人公允表達的財務資料;稅務課稅所得除依循一般公認會計原則處理相關會計事務外,為符合課稅要求,還須依據所得稅法及相關法令規定作帳外調整,以計算課稅所得額,故產生財稅所得不一致之情形。過去文獻實證,財務會計所得通常高於稅務課稅所得,係因政府於施政上的考量,給予公司享有多種租稅減免優惠;或准予某些財務會計所得免予計入、不計入或停止課徵其所得,造成公司租稅負擔降低。故本研究進一步分析我國上市櫃公司財稅差異及財稅稅額差異之決定因素,以臺北國稅局2009至2012年上市櫃公司為對象,運用稅捐稽徵機關核定資料與公司之財務報表相關資料,並以各種租稅減免優惠項目、免予計入、不計入或停止課徵之所得項目,作為衡量指標。本研究透過迴歸模型實證結果顯示,上市櫃公司因享受租稅減免優惠,或財務會計所得帳上列有所得稅法規定之免予計入、不計入或停止課徵之所得項目,均會降低公司實際應負擔之稅捐,對我國稅收造成鉅大的衝擊。
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公司長短期避稅行為決定因素──以台灣上市櫃公司為例 / The Determinants of Long-run and Short-run Corporate Tax Avoidance紀琇芳 Unknown Date (has links)
為分析長期與短期公司避稅行為之決定因素以及相關產業效果,本文以實證
方法檢視租稅規避行為之決定因素,並以現金有效稅率及調整後財稅差異作避稅
指標,研究對象為 2002 年至 2012 年之台灣上市櫃公司,同時排除性質特殊之金融業以及臺灣存託憑證(TDR)。
首先,本文採固定效果模型進行短期避稅行為之分析,其實證結果顯示當企
業知名度較高、研發投資較多、負債資產比較高、投資損失較多及關係企業設立
在租稅天堂時,企業積極從事避稅行為的可能性較低。另一方面,結果顯示當企
業持有固定資產較多、投資利益較多、獲利較多及有前期淨營業損失時,企業積
極從事避稅行為的可能性較高。
其次,本文採普通最小平方法模型進行長期避稅行為之分析,其實證結果顯
示當企業長期知名度較高、負債較多、投資損失較多及獲利較多時,企業積極從
事長期避稅行為的可能性較低。另一方面,結果顯示企業長期固定資產較多、研
發投資較多及投資利益較多時,企業積極從事長期避稅行為的可能性較高。
最後,為觀察個別產業之避稅行為,本研究進行平均值差異數 T 檢定、長期
普通最小平方法回歸結果以及 F 檢定,結果顯示:半導體業、建材營造業等產業
積極從事避稅行為的可能性較高。另一方面,觀光事業、油電燃氣等產業積極從
事避稅行為的可能性較低。
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