The dissertation identifies and responds to two gaps in the current literature on the elasticity of taxable income (ETI). Firstly, there is a lack of a deep understanding of the process underlying behavioral responses of taxable income to taxation. Secondly, there is a lack of inquiry into the functional form of the ETI. This dissertation seeks to fill these gaps in the ETI literature. It constructs a theoretical framework for behavioral responses of taxable income to taxation, based on a review of the literature on taxpayer compliance behavior. The dissertation also introduces a new approach to estimating the ETI. This study is the first attempt to fill in the gap of the ETI for a lack of studying the functional form of the ETI and factors determining the ETI function. Using the functional form derived from the Allingham-Sandmo model and empirical data on the function's arguments in the years 1979, 1982, 1985, and 1988, the dissertation studies behavior of the declared income elasticity function. / Ph. D.

No description available.

My dissertation consists of three essays focused on identifying the strategic responses of governments and individuals following changes in the tax and transfer system. Two essays contribute to the literature on fiscal competition, focusing on state level polices aimed at redistributing income. A third essay contributes to the literature estimating the responsiveness of individual’s incomes to changing marginal tax rates. A better understanding of these responses contributes to our ability to design an optimal tax and transfer system in a federalist nation. In essay 1 I employ a spatial dynamic approach to investigate interstate welfare competition across multiple policy instruments and across three distinct welfare periods - the AFDC regime, the experimental waiver period leading up to the reform, and the TANF era. Results suggest the strategic setting of welfare policy occurs over multiple dimensions of welfare including the effective benefit level and the effective tax rate applied to recipient's earned income. Furthermore, strategic behavior appears to have increased over time, a finding consistent with a race to the bottom after welfare reform. Another form of interstate competition examined in Essay 3 is the spatial patterns in state level estate tax policy. My examination follows a major reform which greatly altered both the state and federal estate tax landscape. This study develops a model in which a state’s tax base and rate are simultaneously determined. Results indicate a state’s estate tax base is negatively influenced by its own tax rate and positively influenced by the tax rate set in neighboring jurisdictions. A state’s own tax rate is also found to be positively influenced by the tax rates set in neighboring jurisdictions. Last, Essay 2 uses matched panels from the Current Population Survey for survey years 1980-2009 to estimate the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) and how it varies in response to measurement of the tax rate, heterogeneity across education attainment, selection on observables and unobservable, and identification. Substantial variation in the ETI across all key economic and statistical decisions is found.

x, 65 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / I examine the relation between book-tax differences (BTDs) and earnings growth. Because financial accounting rules afford managers more flexibility and discretion in reporting than tax accounting rules, prior studies suggest that large differences between book and taxable income indicate lower quality (or less persistent) earnings. Lev and Nissim and Hanlon provide evidence that BTDs contain information about future firm performance, but the nature of the causality in this relation is not clear. While BTDs could proxy for earnings quality, they may also reveal underlying economic events or management's private information about future performance or simply predict future reversals in effective tax rates. I divide total BTDs into their measurable components: temporary (deferred taxes) and non-temporary (permanent differences and tax accruals), and test their relation with the components of net income changes: pretax earnings changes and tax expense changes. I hypothesize that the non-temporary component of BTDs is negatively related to future changes in tax expense, whereas the temporary component of BTDs is negatively related to changes in future pretax earnings. I also examine the maintained hypothesis that the lower earnings growth for large BTD firms is due to earnings management. I use various proxies from prior literature to identify firms potentially managing earnings and test whether the presence or absence of suspected earnings management activity alters the relation between BTDs and earnings changes. My results provide compelling evidence that permanent BTDs are related only to future changes in tax expense, and temporary BTDs are related to changes in pretax earnings. These results are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses, including a replication of the sample and methodology of Lev and Nissim. The results also hold in the case of firms not suspected of earnings management. In fact, 1 find only limited evidence that the results are stronger in the presence of earnings management. Overall, my study suggests that it is only the temporary component of BTDs that is related to future firm performance, with non-temporary differences being related to future tax expense changes, and that these results are primarily due to underlying economic factors, not earnings management. / Committee in charge: David Guenther, Chairperson, Accounting; Steven Matsunaga, Member, Accounting; Linda Krull, Member, Accounting; Glen Waddell, Outside Member, Economics

The method of taking into account assessed losses in calculating the taxable income of mining companies is of significant importance following the Armgold/Harmony Freegold case. In this case, the court had to determine the method of calculating a mining company’s taxable income where at least one of its mines incurred a loss and where nonmining income was also derived. What constitutes an assessed loss, and the order in which it should be applied in calculating a mining company’s taxable income, was central to this case. In this study, the different approaches adopted by the parties to the case in order to determine whether there is an assessed loss, and the order in which it should be utilised in calculating taxable income, was analysed and compared to an analysis of the provisions of the Income Tax Act. In terms of this comparison, the judgment was found to be in accordance with the current legislation in the Income Tax Act. There is, however, a lack of updated guidance on matters relating to mining tax as is evident from the different interpretations of the provisions of the Income Tax Act by the parties to the case. Further research is therefore recommended in order to provide updated guidance to mining companies. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

Recodification of income tax Accrual model of income determination - its advantages and disadvantages Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the accrual system of determining the income tax base in connection with a possible recodification of Act No. 586/1992 Coll., Act of the Czech National Council on Income Taxes, as amended (the Income Tax Act), especially by describing the advantages and disadvantages of specific models of determining the tax base based on the accrual principle, i.e., dependent, semi-dependent and independent system. The hypothesis is the statement that the currently used semi-independent system for determining the income tax base (for those entities that determine taxable income on an accrual basis) in the Czech Republic is the most appropriate. The basic source and starting point of this thesis is a document prepared by the working group of the Ministry of Finance entitled "Innovation of income tax regulation", whose task was to prepare a new version of the Income Tax Act and which published the basic theses on the new bill for public consultation in October 2016 entitled Summary of Solutions for Innovation in Tax Regulation and Income Insurance (hereinafter referred to as the "Summary"). Although the intention to recodify the Income Tax Act is currently being...

O presente trabalho parte da análise das normas que regem a tributação da renda no mercado imobiliário com a finalidade de possibilitar a identificação de um sistema jurídico dotado de princípios e valores próprios, que possibilite o estudo de suas normas de maneira destacada em relação às demais disposições que versam sobre a imposição da renda. Não se tem por pretensão a busca de uma autonomia das mencionadas normas; pelo contrário, o estudo parte da premissa de um único sistema jurídico, mas que pode ser estudado sob diferentes pontos de vista: um sistema que comporta subsistemas normativos, com valores e princípios próprios. Objetiva-se, assim, a identificação e posterior aproximação daquelas disposições que possuem fundamentos e princípios comuns, o que possibilitará a compreensão da extensão das previsões normativas a serem analisadas, bem como as opções efetuadas pelo legislador na produção legislativa. Antes de se efetuar o estudo das normas que versam sobre a tributação da renda imobiliária serão discutidos e apresentados os conceitos gerais necessários às análises que se seguirão. A limitação do legislador na produção legislativa é aspecto central no presente estudo. Entende-se que o sistema jurídico justo demanda uma coerência alcançada somente quando verificada a adequação valorativa das normas que o compõem e apresente unidade, por meio da observância de princípios e valores comuns, por essas mesmas normas. As normas que prevêem as imposições fiscais incidentes sobre renda no mercado imobiliário se prestarão de pano de fundo para a identificação de princípios que regem a tributação do imposto de renda nas diversas situações apresentadas. Serão, assim, objeto de análise a tributação do imposto de renda das pessoas jurídicas, tributadas pelo lucro real e pelo lucro presumido; a tributação especial das pessoas jurídicas sujeitas ao patrimônio de afetação; os rendimentos auferidos pelas pessoas físicas decorrente das atividades ligadas ao mercado imobiliário, tais como o ganho de capital na venda de imóveis e a tributação dos fundos de investimento imobiliários. Ao final da análise da legislação que versa sobre a tributação do imposto de renda nas situações acima mencionadas serão apresentados os princípios e valores escolhidos pelo legislador para a imposição da renda imobiliária. / The present arises from the analysis of principles which rule the taxation on the real estate market aiming the possibility of identifying a legal system endowed with principles and self-values and also providing an outstanding study of its rules with relation to the other provisions which deal with the income taxation. There is no intention of the search of independence from the aforementioned provisions, on the contrary, the study arises from the assumption of a unique legal system, which otherwise may be studied under different points of view, a system which involves normative sub-systems with their own values and principles. It aims, therefore, the identification and later approach to those provisions which own principles and grounds in common, providing that way, the understanding of the extension of the normative foresight to be analyzed, as well as, the legislator\'s altematives when making laws. Before the study of the principles which deal with the real estate income taxation, the general concepts needed to the analysis shall be presented and discussed. The legislator limitation to the law making shall be the central aspect of the present study. It is understood that a fair legal system demands coherence, which is just achieved when the appropriate principle values which integrate it are consolidated by the observance of the common principles and values of such principles. The rules, which provide the tax enforcement collected on the real estate income, shall be the grounds for the identification of the principles which rule the taxation on the income tax of the different situations herein presented. The corporation income tax, collected on presumed and gross profits, special corporation taxation liable to the \"patrimônio de afetação\", the earnings obtained by the individual persons regarding real estate businesses such as capital gain in property sales and the taxation on real estate funds of investments will, therefore, be the object of the analysis. After the analysis of the legislation which deals with the taxation on the income tax of the aforementioned situations, the principles and values enforced on real state earnings chosen by the legislator shall be presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natanael Martins.pdf: 1045653 bytes, checksum: 866814cb804dc0385da60764c7b2207a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-13 / The purpose of this study is to establish a connection between accounting and Law, aiming at the investigation of how accounting recognizes the facts as accounting events, and how, pursuant to tax rules, such facts are recorded as accounting events of a tax nature to determine the taxable income. In order to do so, initially we interpreted the subject in the context of the Federal Constitution, by underlying the principles of income tax and, especially the constitutional meaning of income. We analyzed the origins, concepts and theories of accounting, by examining its basic rules and showing that accounting is also Law, and therefore the current discussions regarding whether Accountancy would be Law, especially in connection with Tax Law, sound pointless. The comprehension of Accountancy language is essential, since the taxable events derive from the accounting entries made in the financial statements based on the taxation rules instead of accounting rules, whether determining the mere conversion of an accounting event into a tax accounting event or imposing a particular criterion to recognize such event, regardless the fact that both events are deemed as legal facts. We also analyzed the assumptions of the so-called new accounting rules , aiming at demonstrating that, contrary to the so-called old accounting rules , the basics of the new accounting rules resides in the financial evaluations rather than in the profit effectively realized, so that the profit recognized under the new accounting rules is not necessarily the profit entirely realized. In purpose of our investigation, we researched the composition of the taxable real profit, demonstrating that, provided that the constitutional concept of income prevails, the legislator may qualify the taxable real profit, imposing conditions, for instance, in connection with deductible costs and expenses, once the income tax levies on the realized income, and not on the income occasionally earned by the taxpayer. Finally, we aim at demonstrating that for purposes of income tax, the Federal Constitution rules require that the taxable income is effectively realized; otherwise it would violate principles of legal certainty, the ability to pay, and non-confiscation / Trata-se de estudo que objetiva estabelecer uma relação conversa entre contabilidade e direito, buscando investigar como a contabilidade retrata de eventos verificados no mundo fenomênico em fatos contábeis, e como, esses mesmos eventos, em face da incidência de regras tributárias, são retratados como fatos contábeis de natureza tributária na construção do lucro tributável pelo imposto de renda. Para tanto, inicialmente, buscamos contextualizar a matéria no plano Constitucional, fixando os princípios informadores do imposto de renda, especialmente, marcando o conceito constitucional pressuposto de renda. Fomos em busca das raízes da contabilidade , seus conceitos e pressupostos, examinando as grandes regras que a estruturam, mostrando, ademais, que contabilidade também é direito e, que, portanto, soa como tola das discussões que ainda hoje se vê sobre se contabilidade seria ou não serva do direito, em especial do direito tributário. A compreensão da linguagem da contabilidade é fundamental, na medida em que é a partir dos registros feitos no balanço de eventos verificados no mundo fenomênico, em razão da incidência de regras de tributação, é que se constrói fatos jurídicos de natureza tributária, aí não mais em face da incidência de regras do ordenamento contábil, mas, apenas, de regras de específica natureza tributária, que pode estar a simplesmente determinar a importação do fato contábil em fato contábil de natureza tributária, ou impondo uma outra forma de retratação do evento , não obstante tanto um quanto outro já serem fatos jurídicos. Verificamos também os pressupostos da nova contabilidade , procurando mostrar que esta, diversamente da velha contabilidade , deita raízes muito mais em avaliações econômicas do que num lucro efetivamente realizado, de modo que o lucro medido pela nova contabilidade, não necessariamente, é um lucro integralmente realizado. No propósito de nossa investigação, fomos em busca da formação do lucro real tributável, mostrando que o legislador, desde que não desfigure o conceito pressuposto de renda, pode qualificar o lucro real tributável, impondo condições, por exemplo, para a dedutibilidade de custos e de despesas, visto que o tributo incide sobre a renda realizada, e não sobre a renda ocasionalmente poupada pelo contribuinte. Por fim, procuramos mostrar que para efeitos de imposição do imposto de renda, é pressuposto constitucional que o lucro tributável esteja efetivamente realizado, sob pena de ofensa aos princípios da segurança jurídica, da capacidade contributiva e da vedação ao confisco. Palavras Chave: Contabilidade e Direito. Fato Jurídico Contábil e Fato Jurídico Contábil de Natureza Tributária. Imposto de Renda. Conceito de Renda Tributável. Lucro Real Tributável

O presente trabalho parte da análise das normas que regem a tributação da renda no mercado imobiliário com a finalidade de possibilitar a identificação de um sistema jurídico dotado de princípios e valores próprios, que possibilite o estudo de suas normas de maneira destacada em relação às demais disposições que versam sobre a imposição da renda. Não se tem por pretensão a busca de uma autonomia das mencionadas normas; pelo contrário, o estudo parte da premissa de um único sistema jurídico, mas que pode ser estudado sob diferentes pontos de vista: um sistema que comporta subsistemas normativos, com valores e princípios próprios. Objetiva-se, assim, a identificação e posterior aproximação daquelas disposições que possuem fundamentos e princípios comuns, o que possibilitará a compreensão da extensão das previsões normativas a serem analisadas, bem como as opções efetuadas pelo legislador na produção legislativa. Antes de se efetuar o estudo das normas que versam sobre a tributação da renda imobiliária serão discutidos e apresentados os conceitos gerais necessários às análises que se seguirão. A limitação do legislador na produção legislativa é aspecto central no presente estudo. Entende-se que o sistema jurídico justo demanda uma coerência alcançada somente quando verificada a adequação valorativa das normas que o compõem e apresente unidade, por meio da observância de princípios e valores comuns, por essas mesmas normas. As normas que prevêem as imposições fiscais incidentes sobre renda no mercado imobiliário se prestarão de pano de fundo para a identificação de princípios que regem a tributação do imposto de renda nas diversas situações apresentadas. Serão, assim, objeto de análise a tributação do imposto de renda das pessoas jurídicas, tributadas pelo lucro real e pelo lucro presumido; a tributação especial das pessoas jurídicas sujeitas ao patrimônio de afetação; os rendimentos auferidos pelas pessoas físicas decorrente das atividades ligadas ao mercado imobiliário, tais como o ganho de capital na venda de imóveis e a tributação dos fundos de investimento imobiliários. Ao final da análise da legislação que versa sobre a tributação do imposto de renda nas situações acima mencionadas serão apresentados os princípios e valores escolhidos pelo legislador para a imposição da renda imobiliária. / The present arises from the analysis of principles which rule the taxation on the real estate market aiming the possibility of identifying a legal system endowed with principles and self-values and also providing an outstanding study of its rules with relation to the other provisions which deal with the income taxation. There is no intention of the search of independence from the aforementioned provisions, on the contrary, the study arises from the assumption of a unique legal system, which otherwise may be studied under different points of view, a system which involves normative sub-systems with their own values and principles. It aims, therefore, the identification and later approach to those provisions which own principles and grounds in common, providing that way, the understanding of the extension of the normative foresight to be analyzed, as well as, the legislator\'s altematives when making laws. Before the study of the principles which deal with the real estate income taxation, the general concepts needed to the analysis shall be presented and discussed. The legislator limitation to the law making shall be the central aspect of the present study. It is understood that a fair legal system demands coherence, which is just achieved when the appropriate principle values which integrate it are consolidated by the observance of the common principles and values of such principles. The rules, which provide the tax enforcement collected on the real estate income, shall be the grounds for the identification of the principles which rule the taxation on the income tax of the different situations herein presented. The corporation income tax, collected on presumed and gross profits, special corporation taxation liable to the \"patrimônio de afetação\", the earnings obtained by the individual persons regarding real estate businesses such as capital gain in property sales and the taxation on real estate funds of investments will, therefore, be the object of the analysis. After the analysis of the legislation which deals with the taxation on the income tax of the aforementioned situations, the principles and values enforced on real state earnings chosen by the legislator shall be presented.

This essay pretends to offer a juridical analysis of recent pronouncements of the Peruvian Tax Adminstration, by virtue of which, such entity states that those disbursements linked to extra judicial transactions do not constitute deductible expenses for the calculation of the Peruvian Income Tax. Under such premises, we offer a civil analysis of the nature of such disbursements and later, cover the issue of their relation with the generation of taxable income for Income Tax purposes. / El presente artículo pretende efectuar un análisis jurídico de los recientes pronunciamientos de la Administración Tributaria, en el sentido que los pagos efectuados como consecuencia de transacciones extrajudiciales no resultan deducibles para efectos de la determinación del Impuesto a la Renta. Se trata pues, de un análisis de corte civil respecto de la real naturaleza de los desembolsos efectuados con ocasión de la celebración de una transacción extrajudicial, para luego abordar la problemática de su vinculación con la generación de rentas gravadas con elImpuesto a la Renta.