由於台灣特殊的地理位置，位於太平洋、歐洲、亞洲區間航線的交會點，使得台灣非常適合發展航運產業。貨櫃航運產業一直是台灣相當重要的策略性產業，對於現有的業者，在市場需求持續成長的吸引下，本研究主要目的為利用個案公司之營運策略與規劃，提出相關建議，以作為有興趣業者的參考，同時俾利後續研究者進一步的深入探討。 本研究的主要架構係根據David A. Aaker的理論架構基礎來進行內在與外在分析，同時探討研擬策略規劃方向。整個研究架構分為四個階段：一、探討相關文獻，以作為研究的原則基礎。 二、進行內、外在分析，以界定外在環境中可能發生的機會與威脅，並界定該產業的關鍵成功因素，接著分析個案公司所擁有的優、劣勢。 三、綜合前述之分析，歸納出個案公司所面臨的問題。 四、提出可行的策略方向與目標，並擬定個案公司之競爭策略與營運策略。 研究分析結果呈現貨櫃航運產業之關鍵成功因素為：航線的完整性、運送成本之降低、同業間的合作、航商採購新船之能力、與貨物承攬業者的合作關係及與運輸業者的結盟。本研究建議個案公司短期採行市場滲透與市場擴張策略，在長期採行產品擴張與多角化策略。而最佳的競爭策略方向是成本領導，這是因為貨櫃航運產業其持久的競爭優勢就是成本與顧客滿意。

國際貨櫃航運之特殊櫃專案研究 / Due to the market situation, the shipping industry is now facing a huge challenge of unbalance in supply and demand sides. After 2006, more and more shipping companies start to build the vessels with large capacity because they think the bigger the better. With the new technology of efficient dynamics, more fuel cost can be saved even with the huge size of the vessel. However, with the impact of financial tsunami, the demand for cargo shipping is much lower than the capacity supply from the carriers. Besides, the ocean freights are hardly to increase because of serious competitive between carriers. Hence, the only way to raise the revenue is to cherry pick the cargo and find the high revenue products. Besides, according to the research, 2015 is still a tough year for the shipping industry because of the low freight rates in general cargo and over supply for the space capacity. Therefore, I plan to create a project team to focus on special equipment transportation only in my company, which can help the clients with the packing, inland haulage, customs declaration, and ocean shipping tills the final destination. Our target for example, out of gauge machines, flight simulators, and factory facilities…those over size cargos. I believe customers will care more about the safety while shipping than the price, so the profit will be higher than the standard size cargo. Besides, with fewer competitors in the marketplace, we can create our irreplaceable value in such niche market.

本研究主要在探討台灣貨櫃航商之競爭策略，首先聚焦在全球整體海運業之定期船業務，因其運送約七成貨物價值之貨載，而貨櫃航運業運輸量則佔定期船運量超過九成，重要性不言可喻。台灣貨櫃船公司更在世界航運舞台，扮演重要角色成效斐然，因此以台灣貨櫃航運業為研究對象，專注於研究台灣貨櫃船公司所面臨的環境壓力衝擊、分析產業競爭問題、產業風險及成本結構、以歸納建議因應當代變局的關鍵競爭策略。 透過與業界深具實務經驗的資深專家訪談，並以進行面對面深度訪談及勾選問卷聚焦填答方式，對於研究問題經由具決策權之高階管理專家，得到更深遠寬廣的義涵與解答。本研究歸納受訪專家的結論認為：要改善貨櫃海運產業的激烈競爭態勢，當務之急是航商之間應擇優策略聯盟，不該盲目跟進大量訂造新船，宜審慎避免過度投資及過量增加船舶艙位，造成產業運能供給與需求失衡。 規劃產業的競爭策略最重要的是要把公司放入「環境」中考量。貨櫃航運業歷經逾五十年的發展，已逐步過渡到溫和成長的「成熟期產業」階段。這個階段伴隨技術成熟與極度標準化的國際競爭加劇，而使產業獲利走低，業者必須格外著重降低成本與提升服務品質，執行風險管理，並兼顧產品組合之合理化及正確訂價，且要積極穩固忠誠的老客戶，才足以因應嚴峻情勢變化與挑戰，同時必須實施流程創新與再造，及加強管控產業的各項「不確定性」風險。 業者應積極整合組織中外顯與內隱的競爭優勢，以科學管理方式實踐合理化，創新性與競合式發展策略，並強調知識經濟與核心能力為主的差異化策略，實質確保永續優勢的「競爭策略」。 / This study explored the competitive strategies of Taiwanese container shipping companies. I focus on the impact of the environmental pressures on these companies, and highlighted their key competitive strategies. Based on depth interviews and questionnaire with industrial senior executive experts, this study suggests that Taiwanese container shipping companies consider to reduce their risk exposure by forming strategic alliances and to avoid making excessive new vessels building and investment, in facing increasing imbalance of worldwide fleet loading capacity in container shipping industry. Global container shipping industry has developed over than 50 years and is now toward “Industry maturity period”. Competitors in such an industry should focus on lowering cost and strengthening the quality of service to secure customer loyalty. At same time, competitors in the industry should also strive for process innovation and better risk management. They should also develop the core competence and try to differentiate themselves from other competitors in order to ensure their sustainable advantages.