國立故宮博物院（以下簡稱故宮）文物典藏是中國藝術與工藝中的菁華，也是歷史研究的重寶。故宮在Ｕ-Taiwan計畫下，期望透過建置故宮U化（提供行動載具、無線射頻、無線感知網路等）的基礎建設、數位內容及使用介面等關鍵資通訊技術，建置隨手可得網絡服務系統，配合故宮文物ID感知上網應用，普及故宮相關加值產品之電子標籤應用，健全故宮U化產品與服務的安全與信賴機制，推動故宮感知網路設備與應用服務產業，並發展博物館U化關鍵技術，促進U化故宮數位內容及加值產品之生活應用普及率，藉以協助強化博物館運用資訊科技之競爭力。未來打造U化故宮優質示範園區，使故宮精美的文物以U化技術貼近人群，走向世界，向國內外人士展現台灣的博物館在U化科技與應用的成就。 「Ubiquitous」象徵一個概念，意思是「神無所不在」。在資訊科技時代，這個字代表藉由各種資訊產品與網路，可以實現資訊無所不在的理想世界。配合u-Taiwan計畫，我國的U化建設主要是以無線感知、RFID為主的技術來進行。 RFID 運用於博物館館務作業，不但可節省人力、時間，還可以將資料做妥善的應用，增加擴大博物館的服務範圍層面。本研究就應用 RFID 全方略導入博物館經營模式，建議基本上可分為下列五項：門禁管理、自動導覽、典藏管理、盤點管理及出版發行管理。研究指出 RFID 應用於博物館的魅力在於協助導覽、增進學習效果、加速盤點作業與安全管理上，皆充分的展現出其優異之特性。因之，博物館業界，當應善加運用 RFID技術，並融合資訊科技，設計出適合博物館各自的經營模式與功能需求，以嶄新且多面向的展示，呈現予觀眾。 / The cultural relic preservation at National Palace Museum (herein referred to as NPM) is the essence of Chinese arts and crafts and the critical treasury of historical research. Under the U-Taiwan project, by establishing the basic equipment of a u-NPM (providing mobile appliances, RFID, wireless sensor networks and etc.,), digital contents and critical information and communication technology related to graphical user interface, NPM expects to: set readily available network service systems, cooperate with the application of NPM cultural ID sensor internet access, popularize the tag application of NPM-related value-adding products, construct the u-NPM products and the mechanism of service safety and trust, advance the equipment of wireless sensor networks in NPM and the application service industries, develop the key u-technologies, promote the digital contents of u-NPM and the daily applying penetration of value-added products to assist in reinforcing the competition of how museums making use of information technologies. The high quality demonstrative park of u-NPM will be created in the coming future so that the exquisite cultural relics with u-technologies in NPM will be closer to people and seen by the world. The achievements of u-technologies and applications in museums in Taiwan will be shown to the people in Taiwan and abroad. “Ubiquitous” represents a concept which means “God exists everywhere”. At the era of information technology, by using all kinds of information products and networks, the word represents that the ubiquitous information ideal world can be realized. To harmony with the U-Taiwan project, the u-construction in Taiwan is mainly based on the technologies of wireless sensor and RFID. With RFID being applied in the management at museums, manpower and time can be saved and the data can be properly used to increase and enlarge the service ranges of museums. The research introduces the full application of RFID into museum management models. Five basic suggestions are listed: entrance guard management, tour guide, preservation management, inventory management and publication management. Indicated by the research, the amazing parts of RFID application in museums are assisting tours, enhancing learning effects, and accelerating the inventory and safety management which all fully represents its outstanding characteristics. Therefore, the industry of museums should take a good use of the RFID technology and integrate information technology into RFID to design the management models and function needs fit for museums respectfully and display with new and multi-dimensions for audience.

自2005年起政府投入經費執行「創造偏鄉數位機會推動計畫」，由教育部協調統合各部會資源，共同推動縮減城鄉數位落差，於台灣地區300偏遠鄉鎮設立168個數位機會中心（Digital Opportunity Center, DOC），協助民眾增進資訊應用能力，以期有效縮減城鄉間的數位落差。政府投入大量資源，建構良好的軟硬體設施，提供偏遠地區居民一個好的上網環境，乃為降低偏鄉地區數位落差的不公平現象，提供偏鄉地區民眾在資訊經濟時代能夠有取得資訊的公平機會。 本研究乃透過台閩地區數位落差調查2004年到2006年的數據資料，了解台灣地區各鄉鎮之數位表現在各個面向上是否有提升，更進一步探究，政府偏鄉數位落差政策實施的區域，其數位表現分數之起伏；其次，政府根據2002年之調查界定政策實施的區域，至今數位能力較低之鄉鎮地區是否已有變化？有哪些鄉鎮並未被列入政策實施之重點區域，但卻為數位能力落後之鄉鎮？ 本研究所使用的方法為次級資料分析法，資料來源為行政院研究考核委員會於九十三至九十五年，委託學術團體、民間單位進行之三次台閩地區數位落差調查。研究發現，偏鄉地區民眾數位能力低於非偏鄉地區民眾，近年來偏鄉民眾之數位能力雖有進步，但是進步幅度仍小於非偏鄉地區民眾。 在設置數位機會點鄉鎮，其數位表現分數雖低於未設置數位機會點鄉鎮，但設置數位機會點鄉鎮民眾之數位能力確實有進步，且進步幅度大於未設置數位機會點鄉鎮之民眾。數位機會中心點之政策內容，乃為加強民眾在資訊近用上之取得與資訊素養能力之提升，研究發現，民眾網路取得機會增加，但是電腦設備的近用性仍然不足，在資訊素養的提升上是有幫助的，而民眾在工作應用、生活應用與資訊蒐集上之提升，乃政策預期以外之收穫。最後，偏遠程度的確是判斷該地區之數位能力一項重要的依據，然而僅以偏遠程度來判斷該鄉鎮之數位能力，卻是不太精確的，因此在數位落差嚴重鄉鎮之界定上，應以數位落差指標取代地理偏遠指標進行界定，將能夠更精確的界定出數位落差嚴重的鄉鎮，並與數位落差政策作連結。 / In the digital era, computers and networks are important tools to broadcast information among people. People who live in urban areas have deeply felt the convenience that information can rapidly bring about. People in rural areas can not enjoy such benefit since. However, there has been the digital divide due to difficulties to access to resources, inadequacy in computer equipment, non-popularity of network use, and poor ability to use information technology. In order to reduce the gap of digital divide between urban and rural areas, Ministry of Education has implemented the 4-year project for Shortening Digital Divide between Urban and Rural Areas by setting up digital opportunity centers (DOCs). It is estimated that 300 DOCs will be set up in 168 rural areas nation-wide. The Research, Development, and Evaluation Commission (RDEC) conducts the digital divide survey every year since 2001. It aims to evaluate the status of information infrastructure implementation and the results of digital divide reduction. The Digital Performance Score for the individual called Digital Score that was derived from the cross indicator weighting analysis by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was helpful in comparing the digital ability among different groups such as people in rural and urban areas. There are three research questions in the thesis. First of all, I use the secondary data, the digital divide survey from 2004 to 2006, to realize the current situation of digital divide in Taiwan. The results reveal that, during 2004-2006 the Digital Score of people in urban is higher than in rural area. People in urban areas made greater progress compared with those in rural area during the three years. People in rural areas still can not catch up with the people in urban. Secondly, to evaluate the performance of DOCs in rural areas, I have chosen 27 rural towns where there are DOCs during 2005. After comparing the towns with DOCs and those without DOCs, the results show that the towns with DOCs have greater improvement for Digital Score. The third research question to assess the categorization of rural areas is appropriate to compartmentalize the Digital Divide areas. A previous study “Strategic Formulation for Public Information Centers in Rural Areas” published in 2002 by the RDEC, has categorized towns in Taiwan into rural and urban areas by geographic and demographics indicators, such as population density and the convenience of traffic. The study uses the secondary data of 2005 to redefine Digital Divide areas by cluster analysis and find that Digital Divide areas are different from rural areas. To categorize digital divide areas, using digital divide indicators is more appropriate than geographic and demographics indicators.

「Ubiquitous」象徵一個概念，意思是「神無所不在」。在資訊科技時代，這個字代表藉由各種資訊產品與網路，可以實現資訊無所不在的理想世界。配合u-Taiwan計畫，我國的U化建設主要是以無線感知、RFID為主的技術來進行。 博物館在數位典藏後所產生的文物底片，目前在管理上大部分還是以人工作業為主，除了耗費人力外，也容易有失誤，若能以RFID技術輔助原本的作業流程，不僅在搜尋或是盤點時都能較準確地找到檔案的位置，在底片進出的控管上也能增進底片檔案管理之準確度，並減低查驗錯誤的可能性。 然而在新科技導入時，若是只考慮科技設備功能，忽略了科技設備與流程整合的話，常常會發生資訊科技不符合實際效用，導致效果不彰的情形。因此，本研究目的在於了解U化實際實施後是否能真正發揮效用，整理出一套評估流程績效之方法，以模式化標準BPMN及作業-單位關係表 (Pool-Lane chart) 等分析評估系統導入後的績效，並嘗試使用於個案N博物館的U化RFID系統之效益評估與分析，以個案結果為基礎來探討RFID為主之U化所帶來的效益。 / The word "Ubiquitous" originated from Latin, which means god is omnipresent. By using various high-tech products and Internet, the concept of ubiquitous world could be realized. In coordination with U-Taiwan project, our government decided to construct the U-infrastructure using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Radio-frequency identification (RFID). Furthermore, RFID has been widely adopted in many fields, including access control management, product tracking management, health care application, museum information and file management, active/passive gallery tours (e.g., optimum guide route, product information). Most museum image archive management is done by hand, including preservation, inventory, loaning and return etc. In addition to consume extra manpower, it's also error-prone. While stocktaking or searching, it's more accurate and easier to locate certain product using RFID. Moreover, by using RFID it also promote the performance and enhance the accuracy of image access control management, and reduce the possibility of error occurrence. However, introducing new technology could also cause other issues because of the impractical lead-in plan. Therefore, through case studies, we want to evaluate the performance of ubiquitous information application using RFID, and choose a museum cultural relics image archive management as our target. Our study analyzes the original operating process using module standardized tools to evaluate the difference in performance after the implementation of RFID.