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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

製造業服務化之研究-以藥廠為例 / A study on the servitization of manufacturing – a case of a pharmaceutical company

杜明哲 Unknown Date (has links)
國際經濟環境的變遷脈動與發展趨勢,牽動我國產業未來發展方向,在全球產業環境日益變遷下,台灣未來將朝「製造業服務化、服務業科技化與國際化、傳產業特色化」之「三業四化」產業策略來發展,其中在「製造業服務化」,則以產品為中心的製造轉為以服務為中心導向的思考模式,製造業者不再只是單一產品供應者,而是提供一系列滿足客戶需求的服務,透過服務來凸顯產品差異化,進而增加客戶的黏密度,創造更高的附加價值。製造業服務化就是製造業為了獲取競爭優勢,將價值鏈由以製造為中心向以服務為中心轉變。 面對愈來愈多企業重視「服務化」的議題,台灣製造業也應改變經營策略,從產品製造導向轉變為服務導向,才能在激烈的全球化競爭中永續生存。趕上產業升級轉型的世界潮流,台灣已有不少成功執行製造業服務化的業者,在高科技產業中最為成功的案例,就是從10幾年前就力行服務化的台積電。而製藥業中,葡萄王生技從傳統製藥業,一路走向生機飲料生產到成為生物科技公司,也是非常成功的例子。再看傳統工業製造中,素有扣件王國之稱的台灣,在握有全球龐大扣件市場之後,更有多家公司積極轉型為服務業,成功跨入醫療器材產業。 本論文以T藥廠為例,分析從傳統學名藥製造廠,經歷了毛利下降導致虧損的改組轉型,初步降低成本,對藥證、客戶、業務員、工廠原物料、包材去蕪存菁留存重點,轉虧為盈,進一步朝服務化轉型,建立品牌學名藥、強化研發實力、拓展各項專注領域、人文與科技平衡、開創國際化新局,成就穩定的營收金流,現今以落實藥品劑型便民化、藥品便民包裝、製造搭配業務、行銷、跟診服務、專業代工接單製造、In-licensing & out-licensing、建立大客戶關係管理體系提供客戶全面解決方案及產業一條龍的再造:研發、製造、銷售、服務的服務化作為,未來進一步全面轉型製造業服務化的願景為佈局全球市場,包含製造國內自營或外銷產品、代理國外藥品進口或出口、接單國際藥廠委製訂單,同時朝新藥研發邁進,以T藥廠既有強項著手新劑型平台藥品開發、新覆方藥品開發及臨床試驗、新療效適應症臨床試驗查登等,最終朝新成分新藥開發邁進,成為一全球性大藥廠。
2

生物相似性藥品之產業分析與法律評估: 以上市許可規範與智慧財產權為核心 / The industry analysis and legal assessment of biosimilars: focusing on approval regulations and intellectual property rights

李昕彥, Li, Hsin Yen Unknown Date (has links)
生物藥品是很多先前具致命性和難以治療的疾病領域,像是癌症、自體免疫疾病及神經系統疾病內最被看好的現行新穎療法。近年來,隨著探索出突破性小分子藥物愈趨困難,加上生物藥品在新藥研發過程中有較低的折損率與較高的成功產出率,使得越來越多藥廠紛紛轉向開發利潤豐厚的大分子生物產品。此外許多暢銷生物藥品專利期即將屆至,從而帶來對相對價廉、通常被稱為原廠生物藥品仿製版本之「生物相似性藥品」的龐大治療需求。然而,由於生物藥品和小分子藥物在分子大小及結構複雜程度方面存在截然不同的特性與本質差異,因此建立一套專屬於生物相似性藥品的上市許可規範勢在必行。 作為於2010年3月23日正式簽署公告之「患者保護及可負擔照護法案」中的一部分,美國國會通過了「生物藥品價格競爭與創新法」(BPCIA)。BPCIA的生效被視為製藥產業最重要的變革之一,旨在藉由競爭達到維護公眾健康、促進生物技術創新和控制醫療支出之目的,同時取得適當之三方利益平衡。BPCIA即以Hatch-Waxman法案下的化學學名藥核准途徑為模版,創建生物藥品簡易上市申請程序。 本論文的結構主要區分為兩大部分進行研究,其一提供了製藥產業概觀與全球生物藥品市場的發展趨勢,其二則聚焦在BPCIA新建立的核准前專利爭端解決程序下,生物相似性藥品面臨「專利舞蹈」時的法律評估及智慧財產權管理。 論文的第一部分係根據從各種市場研究報告收集、整理而成的統計數據,以系統性的方式深入介紹全球製藥產業,並分析生物相似性藥品的市場機會和潛在隱憂。另外此部分亦詳細說明了生物相似性藥品的生理活性、知識斷層與製程依賴性之間的關係、分析技術對生物產品做完整定性的不足以及生物相似性藥品的開發流程。 論文的第二部分則以討論BPCIA的重要條文規定為主,包括專利舞蹈制度和上市審查要求,諸如生物相似性之證明、可互換性之認定與適應症外推。其他相關議題,包含參考藥品的法定專屬權保護期長度、生物相似性藥品自動替換之立法化、專利資訊交換機制的可能濫用及原廠與生物相似藥廠達成反競爭協議之風險皆會予以進一步探討。除此之外,本部分也介紹了歐盟和台灣生物相似性藥品上市法規的沿革與現況。 本文試圖透過對生物相似性藥品的全方位綜合研究成果,提出可行的市場進入方案及善用專利和營業祕密優勢之智慧財產權保護佈局策略。 / Biologics represent many of the most promising novel therapies for previously deadly and intractable disease areas like cancer, autoimmune disease and neurological disorders. As discovery of breakthrough small-molecule drugs becomes more difficult, together with lower attrition rate and higher productivity of biologics in the new drug research and development (R&D) process, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning to develop lucrative large-molecule biological products in recent years. In addition, the patents on numerous blockbuster biologics treatments will soon expire, bringing soaring demand for relatively inexpensive generic versions of originator biologics, generally known as “biosimilars.” However, due to contrasting characteristics and natural differences in terms of size and structural complexity between biologics and small-molecule drugs, it is necessary to create a regulatory pathway solely for biosimilars. As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which was officially signed into law on March 23, 2010, the U.S. Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA). The BPCIA is considered one of the more significant overhauls to the pharmaceutical industry, aiming to strike a proper balance among securing public interests, stimulating biotechnology innovation and controlling healthcare expenditure through competition. It established an abbreviated approval pathway for biosimilars modeled closely after the Hatch-Waxman Act’s approval process for generic chemical drugs. The structure of this thesis is divided into two major parts, of which the first part provides an overview of pharmaceutical industry and trends in the global biologics market, whereas the second part focuses on the legal assessment and intellectual property management of biosimilars under BPCIA’s new pre-approval patent dispute resolution process, the “patent dance”. The first part starts from the in-depth systematic introduction of global pharmaceutical industry based on statistics collected from various market research reports, then analyzes the market opportunities and potential concerns for biosimilars. Moreover, this part illustrates the physiological properties, the relationship between “knowledge gap”and manufacturing path-dependence, the insufficieny of analytical techniques in fully characterizing biological products, and the development process of biosimilars in details. The second part discusses key provisions of the BPCIA, including the patent dance procedures and regulatory requirements, such as demonstrating biosimilarity, interchangeability and extrapolation. Other relevant issues include the length of statutory exclusivities granted to reference products, legislations on biosimilar automatic substitution, potential abuses of patent information exchange mechanism and risks of reaching anti-competitive agreements between pioneers and biosimilar manufacturers will be further discussed. Besides, this part describes the timeline and status quo of EU and Taiwan’s biosimilar approval regulations. With comprehensive study on multiple aspects of biosimilars, this article tries to propose feasible market access plans and robust intellectual property protection strategies capitalizing upon patents and trade secrets.

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