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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中蘇共「邊界問題」之研究

王國枝 Unknown Date (has links)
中蘇共鬥爭,乃本世紀的一大事件,不僅暴露共產集圍內部的矛盾及揭露馬列主義理論的虛妄,且嚴重地影響世局的演變和發展。美國為謀利用中蘇共矛盾以建立「均勢」,竟背信忘義而與中共「建交」;而中共為謀利用美國以緩和內外壓力,亦暫時稍歛其反美的虛狂氣燄,並積極施展「統戰外交」; 致世界局勢益形混亂,我國利益迭遭損害。 為探求真象,端正視聽,對於中蘇共勾結始末與交惡的本質,及其演化過程的許多問題,實有予以辨別釐清之必要。揆諸目前中蘇共之間的關係,並無「黨與黨」的關係,只有「國與國」的關係;惟在「國家關係」方面,中蘇共間有貿易關係,有條約關係,並同時互相派有「大使」駐在對方,但它們卻不斷宣稱,希望在「和平共處」原則的基礎上,促使雙方關係「正常化」。究竟何者「不正常」?其最明顯者,當屬雙方的「邊界問題」。 一九六九年的珍寶島武裝衝突事件,是中蘇共鬥爭的一大高潮;此後雙方在邊境的紛爭,無時或已;所謂「邊界談判」,雖時有所聞,但迄今仍一無進展。本文的立論要旨,即擬由中蘇共關係之演變中,探究有關「邊界問題」的實質意義,並客觀地析論雙方邊境衝突與邊界談判的經過,從而求證雙方斗爭的實質,並展望其未來的可能發展。 本文撰寫期間,承尹師慶耀,悉心指導,從大綱之擬定、資料之蒐集乃至全文之完成,均蒙尹師熱心教正,獲益菲淺,特此申致最誠摯之謝忱。尤以筆者在東亞研究所三年期間,受曹主任伯一之教誨與照顧殊多,衷心感念。此外,曾師永賢,段師家鋒,釋疑解惑,惠予指導與愛護,及本所許多同學們在學業上與生活上,不時給予鼓勵和幫忙,盛情隆誼,際此論文草成之時,謹此敬致謝忱。研究期間復承國際關係研究中心、大陸工作會匪俄問題研究中心、司法行政部調查局等各機關惠予便利及協助,凡此皆深所感荷者。 筆者才疏識淺,對敵情之研究,涉獵有限,雖賞龜勉將事,廣徵博采,然僅能道其梗概,掛漏之處,必所難免,尚祈師長與先進賜正。
2

中印西段邊界問題研究

邱螢輝, Qiu, Ying-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
第一章 緒論,分三節。分別討論邊界的意義、性質與中印邊界現況,並說明本論 文的研究動機、目的、方法與範圍。 第二章 中印西段邊區的地理與歷史,分兩節分別討論中印西段邊區的地理概況包 括地形、氣候、人文概況、與古代的中印西段邊區與中國的關係。 第三章 近代中印西段邊界問題的發生,分三節。主要討論英、俄兩帝國在中亞的 角逐與戰略形勢,英國侵略中印西段邊區的陰謀以及光緒十五年英印提議 勘定新克段邊界始末。 第四章 中共政權與中印西段邊界問題,分三節。分別討論匪印關係及其邊界問題 的發展、匪偽與印度的西段邊界問題以及匪偽與巴基斯坦、阿富汗兩國擅 簽的邊界協定與中印西段邊界等問題。 第五章 結論。從地理基礎、歷史傳統、國際法與國際關係等觀點嘗試分析中印西 段邊界問題,乃為本文結論。
3

中俄邊界談判史——從尼布楚條約到中俄國界東段補充協定 / A History of Sino-Russian Border Negotiations: From the Treaty of Nerchinsk to the Supplementary Agreement on the Eastern Section of the China-Russia Boundary Line

費彥誠 Unknown Date (has links)
從1968年的《中俄尼布楚條約》到2004年的《中俄國界東段補充協定》,中俄邊界爭議談判歷時三百多年,在這漫長的期間內彼此的國界線也曾數度遷移。本文探討兩國國界複雜多變的形成過程,來歸納出造成雙方邊界變動的結構性因素為何。 一般習慣將中俄國界區分為東、中、西三段,這其實是經過長期的歷史演變而來的概念,早期的邊界條約並非一定是依此方式分段簽訂。若依此地理分法,雖可詳細了解各段邊界的演變經過,但部分涵蓋範圍較廣的條約將被迫拆散或是重複討論,失去了完整性。因此本論文以歷史事件的順序為章節安排,如此一方面可顧及條約的完整性,二方面也較易釐清各階段的歷史脈絡。 此外,本論文的研究重點強調在各重要邊界條約的談判經過,藉著中俄雙方互相角力的過程,來剖析出兩國國界線擴張與限縮的關鍵因素,最後並以條件的滿足來解釋中俄國界得以確定。 / From “The Treaty of Nerchinsk”(1689) to “The Supplementary Agreement on the Eastern Section of the China-Russia Boundary Line”(2004), negotiations on the Chinese-Russian border disputes lasted more than 300 years. In this prolonged period the demarcation line of boundaries changed several times. This thesis explores the structural factors of the complex forming process of Sino-Russian borderlines. Actually, the conventional concept of the three border sections of east, central, and west between China and Russia comes from the long-term historical evolution. The early boundary treaties were not necessarily signed by both sides section by section. If we use the geographical taxonomy as the thesis’s analytical structure, we may understand each border section’s formation in details, but we will not capture the whole picture of Sino-Russian border negotiations because some broad-scoped treaties which comprised not just one specific border section have to be divided into sections or resulted into overlapped discussion accordingly. Alternatively, the organization of this study takes historical events chronologically to maintain the border treaties’ wholeness in their precise historical contexts. Moreover, this thesis emphasizes the negotiation processes of important boundary treaties between China and Russia in terms of comparative power strength, which decided the expansion or shrinkage of each other’s boundary and the final settlement of Sino-Russian border dispute.
4

單一資產與複資產的美式選擇權之評價 / The Valuation of American Options on Single Asset and Multiple Assets

劉宣谷, Liu, Hsuan Ku Unknown Date (has links)
過去的三十年間由於評價美式選擇權所產生的自由邊界問題已經有相當的研究成果。本論文將證明自由邊界問題的解為遞增函數。更進一步提出自由邊界凹性的嚴謹証明。利用我們的結論可以得知美式選擇權的最佳履約邊界對時間而言為嚴格遞減的凹函數。這個結果對可用來求導最佳履約邊界的漸近解。 對於美式交換選擇權,我們將其自由邊界問題轉換成單變數的積分方程,同時提供一個永續型美式交換選擇權的評價公式。對於有限時間的美式交換選擇權的最佳履約邊界,我們將提供一個接近到期日的漸近解並發展一個數值方法求其數值解。數值計算的結果顯示漸近解在接近到期日時與數值解非常接近。 對於評價美式選擇權,我們提出使用混合整數非線性規劃(MINLP)的模型,這個模型的最佳解同時提供賣方的完全避險策略、買方的最佳交易策略與美式選擇權的公平價格。因為求算MINLP模型的解需耗用大量的計算時間,我們證明此模型和其非線性規劃的寬鬆問題有相同的最佳解,所以只需求算寬鬆問題即可。觀察數值結果亦顯示非線性規劃的寬鬆問題可以大幅的降低計算的時間。此外,當市場的價格低於公平價格時,我們提出一個最小化賣方期望損失的數學規劃模型,此模型的解提供賣方最小化其期望損失的避險策略。 / In the past three decades, a great deal of effort has been made on solving the free boundary problem (FBP) arising from American option valuation problems. In this dissertation, we show that the solutions, the price and the free boundary, of this FBP are increasing functions. Furthermore, we provide a rigorous verification that the free boundary of this problem is concave. Our results imply that the optimal exercise boundary of an American call is a strictly decreasing concave function of time. These results will provide a useful information to obtain an asymptotic formula for the optimal exercise boundary. For pricing of American exchange options (AEO), we convert the associated FBP into a single variable integral equation (IE) and provide a formula for valuating the perpetual AEO. For the finite horizon AEO, we propose an asymptotic solution as time is near to expiration and develop a numerical method for its optimal exercise boundary. Compared with the computational results, the values of our asymptotic solution are close to the computational results as time is near to expiration. For valuating American options, we develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. The solution of the MINLP model provides a hedging portfolio for writers, the optimal trading strategy for buyers, and the fair price for American options at the same time. We show that it can be solved by its nonlinear programming (NLP) relaxation. The numerical results reveal that the use of NLP relaxation reduces the computation time rapidly. Moreover, when the market price is less than the fair price, we propose a minimum expected loss model. The solution of this model provides a hedging strategy that minimizes the expected loss for the writer.

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