1 |
科技研究人員之事業生涯策略劉怡媛, LIU, YI-YUAN Unknown Date (has links)
在科技戰國的今天,科技研究人員對企業而言,是一種「昂貴的」人力資源,也是科
技性企業與人一爭長短最具關鍵的競爭武器,因此如何激勵科技研究人員,使其更具
生產性,實為企業脫潁而出的最基本的條件!而對這種研究人員的激勵,早已非二因
子理論中的保健因子所能達,而是更高層次,所謂的事業生涯策略規劃這類的激勵因
子。科技研究人員的事業生涯策略,依學者研究可概分為:穩定型、組織型、專業型
及自由型四類。企業主管若能切實瞭解科技研究人員的興趣、需求及其事業生涯方向
,將他調往與其心中理想的位置,則不僅可達到激勵勵的效果,對於提高科技研究人
員的工作意願、工作績效及達成組織目標均有莫大助益。本研究即採用此事業生涯策
略的觀念,企圖發掘科技研究人員之個人特質(創造性思考能力、成就動機、內外控
)、事業驅力及組織承諾與其個人心目中理想事業生涯策略間的關係。
本研究以實證方式,對國內資訊、電子、生物科技業及政府科技研究單位等較高科技
的300位研究人員進行問卷式的調查訪問,回收的資料則以頻率分析、描述性分析
、T檢定、單因又變異數分析及因素分析等方法進行統計分析。
結果顯示在個人特質方面,個人特質的不同對事業生涯策略的選擇有顯著差異;創造
性思考能力以專業型最高;而成就動機則以自由型最高,組織型居次;在內外控方面
,則屬專業型最內控,相信凡事操之在我。此外,事業驅力的不同亦和策略的選擇有
顯著的相關:組織型的主要驅力為權力╱影響、地位和親和;而專業型則為創意、專
精及自主。最後在組織承諾方面,組織型及自由型對組織承諾程度較另二型為高,顯
示專業型關心其事業研究,對組織的向心力較低,而組織型則對組織目標的認同較高
。
|
2 |
飲食剝奪操弄與鋰鹽去價值程序對大白鼠舔舐行為的影響 / The Effects of Food Deprivation and Lithium Chloride-Induced Devaluation on Licking Behavior藍丞弘, Lan, Churng-Horng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究操弄受試的食物剝奪程度以及鋰鹽(LiCl)去價值程序,觀察此兩種實驗操弄對於大白鼠舔舐行為的影響,以探討飢餓驅力調節完結行為的機制。實驗一連續觀察8天大白鼠舔舐15%蔗糖液的表現,結果顯示初期兩天剝奪受試和自由吃食受試的舔舐表現並沒有顯著差異,第三天起剝奪組才顯著高於自由吃食組。實驗二待大白鼠習於食物剝奪狀態下舔舐15%蔗糖液之後,進行僅舔舐空管的消除情境測試。實驗結果顯示將剝奪狀態改為自由吃食,不論有無接受誘因學習都不能降低受試舔舐空管的表現。實驗三則待大白鼠習於食物剝奪狀態下舔舐25%蔗糖液之後,接受空管測試(實驗三A、B、C)與舔水消除情境測試(實驗三B、C)。實驗三結果如同實驗二,將剝奪狀態改為自由吃食,不論有無接受誘因學習都不能降低受試舔舐空管或舔水的表現。實驗四使用柳橙香料配加蔗糖液(20%)進行舔舐訓練,以僅含柳橙香料水進行消除情境測試。實驗結果顯示受試不論是由剝奪狀態轉為自由吃食,或由自由吃食轉為剝奪,都顯示出當驅力高舔舐表現高或驅力低表現低的現象。實驗五進行鋰鹽去價值實驗,大白鼠先擁有舔飲柳橙香料糖精液(實驗五A)或草莓香料食鹽水(實驗五B)的經驗後,再進行鋰鹽去價值程序。實驗結果顯示大白鼠唯有舔舐香料糖精液或香料食鹽水後接受鋰鹽注射才能降低其舔舐香料水的表現;糖精-鋰鹽配對、糖精-鋰鹽配對後再舔飲一次糖精液,以及香料水-鋰鹽配對都無法降低受試舔飲香料水的表現。糖精或食鹽水只要和鋰鹽配對過,便能產生味覺嫌惡。本研究結論如下:(1)飢餓驅力調節舔舐行為的能力只顯現在舔飲蔗糖液以及舔舐柳橙香料水的消除情境測試中;(2)香料與糖精或香料與食鹽必須同時呈現與鋰鹽配對才能降低香料引發舔舐行為的能力。 / The effects of food deprivation and lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced devaluation on licking behavior were studied for the regulatory mechanism of hunger drive on licking behavior. The first experiment for measuring the licking of 15% sucrose solution for 8 days and found that deprived subjects did not lick more than non-deprived ones until the third day. In the second experiment, the rats trained to lick 15% sucrose in a food-deprivation state were shifted to a non-deprivation state and tested under extinction procedure by using the empty tube. This shift in deprivation did not suppress licking in empty tube test for subjects with or without incentive learning experiences. In the third experiment, the rats trained to lick 25% sucrose in a food-deprivation state were shifted to a non-deprivation state and tested in empty tube (Exp. 3A, B, C) or water-licking test (Exp. 3B, C) conditions. Independent of incentive learning, the shift in deprivation did not suppress licking in these two kinds of extinction conditions although the concentration of sucrose was increased. In the fourth experiment, rats were trained to lick 20% sucrose mixed with orange flavor and tested in orange flavor water-licking test condition. Deprived rats licked more than non-deprived ones in the test condition whether they were trained under deprivation or non-deprivation. In the fifth experiment, rats were trained to lick orange flavor saccharin solution (Exp. 5A) or strawberry flavor sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (Exp. 5B) and then tested by the LiCl devaluation procedure. Flavored saccharin or flavored NaCl paired with LiCl suppressed rats to lick flavored water. But none of saccharin paired with LiCl, incentive learning after saccharin devaluation, and flavored water paired with LiCl had any significant effect. Saccharin or NaCl paired with LiCl could induce taste aversion. In conclusion, hunger drive modulating licking behavior was only found in licking sucrose or the flavored water-licking test condition. Further, only flavored saccharin or flavored NaCl solutions paired with LiCl could suppress licking flavored water.
|
Page generated in 0.0197 seconds