Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonESM.pdf: 931852 bytes, checksum: f768665fe7e8aa27e4023b4def16f98d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Considering their commercial importance, as these are the species of freshwater fish more commercialized in Brazil, their occurence in different kinds of aquatic environments (lakes, rivers and dams) and for being tolerant to a wide range of variation of various physical parameters and chemical water, the fish species Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Colossoma macropomum were chosen for this study, furthermore, to test the toxicity we used the herbicide Roundup. The fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), commun carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were submitted to the herbicide roundup in the following concentrations: 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, 0.0 (control); 13,89; 14,86; 15,83; 16,81 and 17,78 mg.L-1, and 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, respectively, three for 96 hours. The LC50 - 96h for O. niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum was 21,63, 15,33 and 20,06 mg.L-1 of the herbicide roundup, respectively. The results show that this herbicide is classified as slightly toxic to the three species. The values of dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature recorded in the aquarium control and aquarium experimental of the three fish species have remained without significant variations during the tests, which reduces the possibility of death caused by sudden variations of these parameters during the 96 hours the experiment. The values of LC50 between different species of fish were observed, noting that the species O.niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum showed no expressive differences. The values of environmental risk of Roundup were calculated to obtain more stringent parameters in assessing the dangerousness of those on nontargets. The risk of environmental contamination by Roundup for the Nile tilapia, common carp, and tambaqui are low for the lowest application rate (1 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m). The dilution of 100%, the highest recommended dose (5 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m) the risk is moderate for the three species. The values of the Risk Ratio (QR) were greater than 0,1, indicating that the values of the CAE and LC50 are above acceptable levels and there is a need, this study, a refinement in ecotoxicological tests / Considerando a import?ncia comercial, por se tratarem das esp?cies de ?gua-doce mais comercializadas no Brasil, por ocorrerem em diversos tipos de ambientes aqu?ticos (lagos, rios e a?udes) e ainda por serem tolerantes a um amplo espectro de varia??o de diversos par?metros f?sicos e qu?micos da ?gua, as esp?cies de peixes Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio e Colossoma macropomum foram escolhidas para este estudo com a finalidade de testar a toxicidade do herbicida roundup. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a toxicidade aguda e avaliar o risco de contamina??o ambiental dessas tr?s esp?cies de peixes pelo herbicida Roundup. Os alevinos de Til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), Carpa-comum (Cyprinus carpio) e Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) foram submetidos ao herbicida roundup nas seguintes concentra??es: 0,0 (controle); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 e 22,22 mg.L-1, 0,0 (controle); 13,89; 14,86; 15,83; 16,81 e 17,78 mg.L-1 e 0,0 (controle); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 e 22,22 mg.L-1, respectivamente, os tr?s por 96 horas. A CL50 96h para O. niloticus, C. carpio e C. macropomum foi de 21,63, 15,33 e 20,06 mg.L-1 do herbicida roundup, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que esse herbicida est? classificado como levemente t?xico para as tr?s esp?cies. Os valores de oxig?nio dissolvido, pH e temperatura registrados no aqu?rio controle e nos aqu?rios experimentais das tr?s esp?cies estudadas mantiveram-se sem varia??es significativas ao longo dos testes, o que reduz a possibilidade de mortalidade causada por varia??es bruscas desses par?metros, durante as 96 horas de experimento. Os valores das CL50 entre as diferentes esp?cies de peixes foram observadas, constatando que as esp?cie Oreochromis niloticus, Colossoma macropomum e Cyprinus carpio n?o apresentaram diferen?as expressivas. Os valores de risco ambiental do Roundup foram calculados para a obten??o de par?metros mais rigorosos na avalia??o da periculosidade desses sobre organismos n?o-alvos. O risco de contamina??o ambiental por roundup para a til?pia do Nilo, carpa-comum e tambaqui s?o baixos para a menor dose de aplica??o (1 L.ha-1) e nas profundidades (1,5 e 2,0 m). Na dilui??o de 100%, na maior dose recomendada (5 L.ha-1) e nas profundidades (1,5 e 2,0 m) o risco ? moderado para as tr?s esp?cies. Os valores de Quociente de Risco (QR) foram maiores que 0,1, indicando que os valores da rela??o CAE e CL50 est?o acima dos n?veis aceit?veis, havendo a necessidade de um refinamento nas an?lises ecotoxicol?gicas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerculesLAS_DISSERT.pdf: 3304337 bytes, checksum: 041717a4cfd116130802eab3678923c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel / Dentre as atividades econ?micas potencialmente poluidoras que comprometem a qualidade das ?guas subterr?neas est?o os Postos Revendedores de Combust?veis. A cidade do Natal possui cerca de 120 postos de combust?veis, dos quais, apenas um possui licen?a ambiental de opera??o. Os postos em desconformidade foram notificados pelo Minist?rio P?blico do Rio Grande do Norte para realizarem as adequa??es ambientais, dentre as quais est? a investiga??o de passivo ambiental. As fases preliminar e confirmat?ria desta investiga??o consistiram na avalia??o de gases do solo com duas sondagens confirmat?rias para an?lises qu?micas de BTEX, HPA e TPH. Para obter-se uma boa avalia??o e interpreta??o dos resultados obtidos no campo, se fez necess?rio a representa??o tridimensional dos mesmos. Utilizou-se um software CAD para representar graficamente os equipamentos instalados em um posto revendedor de combust?vel em Natal/RN, assim como as plumas de contamina??o por compostos org?nicos vol?teis. A partir desta ferramenta foi poss?vel concluir que a contamina??o n?o est? localizada no atual Sistema de Armazenamento Subterr?neo de Combust?vel do empreendimento, mas reflete o hist?rico passado em que foram removidos tanques n?o estanques de gasolina e diesel

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaLF.pdf: 804797 bytes, checksum: e48b62b20831c2372981d6edcc8e4608 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-21 / The city of Natal comprises an area of about 170 km? (65,63 squares miles). The Dunas-Barreiras Aquifer is the most important reservoir of the coastal basin of RN. It is being responsible for the water supplying of about 70% of the population, however, due to the sewage disposal system by cesspools and drains, it is presently affected in a great extent by nitrates contamination. Thus, the present work proposes to research the utilization of contaminated water by nitrates of this fountainhead and find cost of the potable water through the ionic exchange technology. This technology consists in the removal of mineral salts by the exchange of cations for one ion of hydrogen (H+), through the passage of water by cationic resin bed and, secondly, by the exchange of the anions for hydroxyl ions (OH-) through a anionic resin bed. The obtained results have showed the waters derived from fountains, big water holes and shallow wells were microbiologically contaminated, while the waters derived from deep wells (above 70 m 76,58 yards) were free of contamination. Thus, only these ones are suitable to the use of ionic technology. The experiments were conducted with the resin IMAC-HP-555 such as kinetic, thermodynamic, and adsorption by fixed bed studies, being obtained several project variables for the experimental column, as follow: work temperature of 25oC; resin maximum capacity maximum e mean of adsorption ==0,01692 g NO3-1/g R e 0,0110 g NO3-1/g R, respectively. On the experimental column were performed breakthrough tests which pointed for an average ideal average speed of work of 13.2 m / h, with an average efficiency of 45% of adsorption, an optimal concentration of NaCl desorption of 8%, and an ideal desorption time of 80 minutes for the equilibrium conditions of water from the Dunas-Barreiras aquifer. Scale projection for ion-exchange column for denitrification, for these variables, using a computer modeling programme, to project the column of ion exchange ROREX-420/2000, obtained a cost for the drinking water denitrified by this system of R$ 0,16 / m3 / A cidade de Natal-RN abrange uma ?rea de aproximadamente 170 km2. O aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras, mais importante reservat?rio da bacia costeira do RN, abastece cerca de 70% da cidade. Devido ? aus?ncia de sistema de saneamento municipal e a cidade ter adotado forma de disposi??o de esgotos atrav?s de fossas e sumidouros, este aq??fero apresenta-se, em grande parte, contaminado por nitratos. O trabalho em quest?o se prop?e a pesquisar o aproveitamento da ?gua contaminada desse manancial, assim como estimar o custo da ?gua pot?vel atrav?s da tecnologia de troca i?nica. O estudo da qualidade das ?guas do aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras mostrou que, as ?guas provenientes de fontes, cacimbas e po?os rasos apresentaram-se contaminadas microbiologicamente, enquanto as ?guas provenientes de po?os profundos (superior a 70 m) apresentaram-se isentas, sendo ent?o somente essas adequadas para aproveitamento pela tecnologia de troca i?nica. Foram realizados v?rios experimentos cin?tico, termodin?mico, utilizando (resina IMAC-HP-555) o m?todo da imers?o em volume finito e din?micos da adsor??o por troca i?nica usando-se uma coluna. A partir destes resultados foi projetada uma coluna piloto onde se usou uma resina ani?nica, operando no ciclo cloreto, para remo??o seletiva de nitrato. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma temperatura de trabalho de 25oC, velocidade m?dia ideal de trabalho de 13,6 m/h, capacidade de adsor??o m?xima e m?dia da resina =0,01692 g NO3-1/g R e 0,0110 g NO3-1/g R, respectivamente, concentra??o ideal de dessor??o do NaCl de 8% e tempo ideal de dessor??o de 80 minutos para as condi??es de equil?brio da ?gua do aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras. Experi?ncia de proje??o de aumento de escala realizada para sistema de coluna de troca i?nica para desnitrifica??o, com as vari?veis determinadas, adotou-se um programa de modelagem computacional para projetos de coluna de troca i?nica, ROREX-420/2000, onde se obteve um custo da ?gua pot?vel desnitrificada de R$ 0,16/m3. Para um volume de ?gua pot?vel produzido igual a 2.100 m3/ ciclo de opera??o foi obtida uma efici?ncia m?dia de remo??o de nitratos de 45%

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-11-12T01:11:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Adriana Fidelis - Vers?o Definitiva.pdf: 9437752 bytes, checksum: f708082e56eba193c45496d67cab5993 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T01:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Adriana Fidelis - Vers?o Definitiva.pdf: 9437752 bytes, checksum: f708082e56eba193c45496d67cab5993 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In the 1960? the mining company Plumbum Mineradora was installed in the Satate of Bahia, Brazil. This company, which produced lead ingots for 33 years, left over 400,000 tons of slag, which contained, among other pollutants, cadmium and lead. These metals are currently found in the soil surrounding the old factory, in concentrations considered highly toxic. A study was started to investigate possible bioremediation in the area with the isolation of bacteria from the rhizosphere of local plants, followed by the test in their performance in metals contaminant tolerance. Finally, identification of the bacteria was made based on molecular marker 16S rRNA. The isolation protocol was carry out using Nutrient Agar and after obtaining a pure culture. The isolates were then subjected to tests of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (CIM). Each isolate served as a source for extraction of DNA for molecular analysis with 16S rRNA region. Among the rhizospheres collected, those from which the greatest number of species were isolated from plants with a perennial habit, among them the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and emba?ba (Cecropia pachystachya Tr?cul) which together comprised approximately 38% of all species of bacteria obtained. Interestingly, from the castor bean (an exotic plant in Brazil), 2/3 of the bacteria were Gram negative, while from the emba?ba (a native plant of Brazil), ? of the bacteria isolated were of Gram positive. Regardless of the classification of Gram, the bacteria studied showed higher tolerance to lead; 70% of Gram negative bacteria showed conspicuous morphological changes, whereas of those that were Gram positive, only 13% demonstrated. In addition, these bacteria have been identified by molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA marker. The used methodology based on analysis of parsimony and distance trees. As a result, the region 16S was able to identify only 22% of species while the remain species could only be identified to genus or to infra-generic groups. Therefore, the data suggest that the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria have distinct mechanisms of adaptation in environments polluted by lead and cadmium and that the 16S region is not an efficient universal barcode marker, which should be used only as the first step on the identification of bacteria. Although this study does not provide a final parameter for ecological factors under consideration here, it provides an insight into the influence of the plant habitat on bacterial communites, and the role of Gram in the mechanisms of tolerance. It is hope to explore these aspects in the further studies. / Na d?cada de 60, a empresa de minera??o Plumbum Mineradora foi instalada no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Esta empresa, a qual produziu lingotes de chumbo por 33 anos, deixou mais de 400.000 toneladas de esc?ria, a qual continha, dentre outros poluentes, c?dmio e chumbo. Estes metais s?o, atualmente, encontrados no solo do entorno das antigas instala??es da f?brica, em concentra??es consideradas altamente t?xicas. Este estudo come?ou a investigar a biorremedia??o da ?rea com o isolamento de bact?rias das rizosferas de plantas locais, seguido por testar a toler?ncia das bact?rias a esses metais. Finalmente, a identifica??o de bact?rias foi feita baseada no marcador molecular 16S rRNA. O protocolo de isolamento foi realizado em meio de Agar Nutriente e ap?s a obten??o de cultura pura, os isolados foram submetidos a testes de Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM). Cada isolado serviu de fonte para extra??es de DNA para an?lise molecular com a regi?o 16S rRNA. Dentre as rizosferas coletadas, as que mais se destacaram em rela??o a quantidade de esp?cies isoladas foram as plantas de h?bito perene, dentre elas, a mamona (Ricinus comunis L.) e a emba?ba (Cecropia pachystachya Tr?cul), que abrigaram juntas aproximadamente 38% de todas as esp?cies de bact?rias obtidas. Interessante notar que da mamona (uma planta ex?tica no Brasil), 2/3 das bact?rias foram Gram negativas, enquanto que da emba?ba (uma planta nativa do Brasil), 3/4 das bact?rias isoladas foram Gram positivas. Independentemente da classifica??o do Gram, as bact?rias apresentaram maior resist?ncia ao chumbo; 70% das Gram negativas apresentaram mudan?as morfol?gicas acentuadas, enquanto que estas, nas Gram positivas, manifestaram-se em apenas 13%. Al?m disso, estas bact?rias foram identificadas por meio de an?lise molecular, com o uso do marcador 16S rRNA. A metodologia usada foi baseada em an?lise de ?rvores de parcim?nia e dist?ncia. Como resultado, a regi?o 16S foi capaz de identificar 22% das esp?cies, enquanto que para o restante mostrou-se eficiente para classifica??o at? g?nero ou para agrupamentos infragen?ricos. Portanto, os dados sugerem que as bact?rias Gram negativas e Gram positivas possuem mecanismos de adapta??es distintos em ambientes polu?dos por chumbo e c?dmio e que a regi?o 16S n?o ? eficiente como marcador universal tipo ?c?digo de barras?, o qual deve ser utilizado apenas como a primeira ferramenta de identifica??o de bact?rias isoladas. Apesar deste estudo n?o servir como par?metro definitivo para considera??es ecol?gicas, ele fornece conhecimento sobre a influ?ncia do h?bito da planta sobre a comunidade bacteriana e o papel da estrutura morfol?gica das bact?rias (Gram) nos mecanismos de toler?ncia. Espera-se que estes dados possam ser explorados em estudos posteriores.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / The issue of contaminated areas is a problem that has increased in recent decades. The identification of numerous contaminations - old and recent - in the soil and water medium has affected the population, caused numerous health problems, and the environment, with the commitment of flora and fauna. In addition, economic activities carried out both in urban and rural areas have been hampered by the juxtaposition of the industrial production means that generate various types of contamination. The actions carried out by the public managers have not followed the breadth and expansion of the cases already detected. Generally the role played by public managers, especially municipal power, has been marked by great leniency and is evoked from their clearly technocratic and patrimonialist management structures . The legal competence regarding the licensing of activities with risk of contamination, national and state elevation in Brazil and in other countries studied, with sectorial and disciplinary perspective, in which industry is always seen as a positive factor, does not reach the problem as a territorialized phenomenon, with implications for the current and future use of localities. The study in question proposes new guidelines for the treatment of contaminated areas, with emphasis on the managerial integration of levels of government, access to information and monitoring of society. They were elaborated from the analysis of several occurrences of contamination, observing the causes, effects, agents and, mainly, the position adopted by the public managers, in particular the municipal ones, since they are the direct responsible by the regulation of the territory, through the legislation of land use and occupation in the municipal space. / La cuesti?n de las ?reas contaminadas representa un problema que ha aumentado en las ?ltimas d?cadas. La identificaci?n de innumerables contaminaciones - antiguas y recientes - en el suelo y medio h?drico ha afectado a la poblaci?n, ocasionado innumerables problemas de salud, y al medio ambiente, con el comprometimiento de la flora y la fauna. Adem?s, las actividades econ?micas, ejecutadas tanto en el espacio urbano y rural, han sido perjudicadas por la yuxtaposici?n de los medios de producci?n industrial que generan diversos tipos de contaminaciones. Las acciones ejecutadas por los gestores p?blicos, no han acompa?ado la amplitud y la expansi?n de los casos ya detectados. Generalmente el papel ejercido por los gestores p?blicos, en especial el poder municipal, ha sido marcado por una gran lenidad y que es evocada a partir de sus estructuras gerenciales claramente tecnocr?ticas y patrimonialistas. La competencia jur?dica sobre el licenciamiento de actividades con riesgo de contaminaci?n, alzada nacional y estadual en Brasil y en otros pa?ses estudiados, con perspectiva sectorial y disciplinaria, en la cual la industria es siempre vista como factor positivo, no alcanza el problema como fen?meno territorializado, con implicaciones en el uso actual y futuro de las localidades. El estudio en cuesti?n propone nuevas directrices para el tratamiento de ?reas contaminadas, con destaque a la integraci?n gerencial de los niveles de gobierno, el acceso a la informaci?n y acompa?amiento de la sociedad. Se elaboraron a partir del an?lisis de diversas ocurrencias de contaminaci?n, observ?ndose las causas, efectos, agentes y, principalmente, la postura adoptada por los gestores p?blicos, en particular los municipales, pues son los responsables directos por la regulaci?n del territorio, a trav?s de la legislaci?n de uso y ocupaci?n del suelo en el espacio municipal. / A quest?o das ?reas contaminadas representa um problema que tem aumentado nas ultimas d?cadas. A identifica??o de in?meras contamina??es ? antigas e recentes - no solo e meio h?drico tem afetado a popula??o, ocasionado in?meros problemas de sa?de, e ao meio ambiente, com o comprometimento da flora e a fauna. Al?m disso, atividades econ?micas, executadas tanto no espa?o urbano e rural, tem sido prejudicadas pela justaposi??o dos meios de produ??o industrial que geram diversos tipos de contamina??es. As a??es executadas pelos gestores p?blicos, n?o tem acompanhado a amplitude e a expans?o dos casos j? detectados. Geralmente o papel exercido pelos gestores p?blicos, em especial o poder municipal, tem sido marcado por uma grande leni?ncia e que ? evocada a partir de suas estruturas gerenciais claramente tecnocr?ticas e patrimonialistas. A compet?ncia jur?dica sobre o licenciamento de atividades com risco de contamina??o, al?ada nacional e estadual no Brasil e em outros pa?ses estudados, com perspectiva setorial e disciplinar, na qual a ind?stria ? sempre vista como fator positivo, n?o alcan?a o problema enquanto fen?meno territorializado, com implica??es no uso atual e futuro das localidades. O estudo em quest?o prop?e novas diretrizes para o tratamento de ?reas contaminadas, com destaque ? integra??o gerencial dos n?veis de governo, o acesso ? informa??o e acompanhamento da sociedade. Foram elaboradas a partir da an?lise de diversas ocorr?ncias de contamina??o, observando-se as causas, efeitos, agentes e, principalmente, a postura adotada pelos gestores p?blicos, em particular os municipais, pois s?o os respons?veis diretos pela regula??o do territ?rio, atrav?s da legisla??o de uso e ocupa??o do solo no espa?o municipal.

Este trabajo plantea el estudio del concepto del medio ambiente y de los principios que lo informan desde el gasto público. El marco teórico es el Derecho financiero constitucional y el Derecho de los gastos públicos. Se analiza ampliamente la concepción de la protección del medio ambiente como necesidad pública y los instrumentos jurídicos para satisfacer esta necesidad.La posibilidad de configurar el medio ambiente como necesidad pública obliga al análisis de la compleja función otorgada al Estado en cuanto obligado a intervenir en la protección y conservación del medio ambiente, que presenta el problema, no tan sólo de tener que adoptar una gran diversidad de medidas de protección en función del elemento a proteger, sino también un elevado coste. Por ello el trabajo se centra en los instrumentos financieros y económicos para la protección del medio ambiente en nuestro país, haciendo hincapié en la problemática de las subvenciones e incentivos fiscales aplicados al medio ambiente. / This work deals with the concept of environment and its legal principles from the perspective of public expenditure. Constitutional Financial Law and the Law of Public Expenditure provide the theoretical framework of the study. The analysis focuses on the conception of environmental protection as a public need, and on the legal instruments to fulfil such need.Understanding the environment as a public need requires a proper analysis of the State's complex functions. In particular, State intervention in activities of environmental protection and conservation arises problems not only related with the adoption of a wide diversity of protection measures according to the intended element to be protected, but also with the high cost of protection. Therefore, the study focuses on the financial and economic instruments for environmental protection used in our country, and specifically it deals with the use of subsidies and tax incentives for environmental purposes.