Šiuolaikinės įmonių teisės modernizavimo bei liberalesnio reguliavimo tendencijos lėmė naujo teisinio instituto įtvirtinimą Lietuvos įmonių teisės sistemoje. Kaip kiekvieno naujo socialinio teisinio reiškinio, taip ir mažosios bendrijos įtvirtinimas šiandieninėje praktikoje lemia tam tikrą neaiškumą, neapibrėžtumą, mokslinių žinių stygių apie naują Lietuvos įmonių teisės institutą. Šiame darbe, remiantis Lietuvos bei užsienio doktrinos analize, siekiama atskleisti mažosios bendrijos sampratą, požymius bei reikšmę Lietuvos įmonių teisės kontekste. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje autorė atskleidžia mažosios bendrijos bei naujų užsienio valstybių verslo vystymo formų atsiradimo priežastis. Antrojoje dalyje yra analizuojama partnerystės bei iš jos kildinamos mažosios bendrijos sampratų santykis, atliekant lyginamąją pastarąsias sampratas kvalifikuojančių požymių analizę, atskleidžiami mažosios bendrijos ir partnerystės koncepcijų skirtumai. Trečioje dalyje charakterizuojami pagrindiniai mažosios bendrijos reglamentavimo ypatumai. Šioje dalyje atskleidžiami mažųjų bendrijų reguliavime per plačiai taikomo asmeninėmis savybėmis grįsto bendradarbiavimo principo trūkumai, ribotos dalyvių atsakomybės doktrinos įtvirtinimo priežastys ir reikšmė mažosios bendrijos teisiniam savarankiškumui, kapitalo palaikymo doktrinos eliminavimo bei lanksčios valdymo struktūros įtvirtinimo tikslingumas. Mažosios bendrijos bei kitų panašių užsienio valstybių naujų verslo vystymo formų ypatumų analizė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The tendencies of modern company law modernization and more liberal regulations have resulted in the consolidation of a new legal institute in the legal system of Lithuanian company law. As with each new social legal phenomenon, the consolidation of a small partnership in today’s practice results in particular ambiguity, uncertainty, the lack of scientific knowledge about a new Lithuanian company law institute. With reference to the analysis of Lithuanian and foreign doctrine, this paper aims to reveal the concept and characteristics of a small partnership, and its importance in the context of Lithuanian company law. In the first part of this paper the author reviews the origin causes of a small partnership and business development forms of new foreign countries. The second part analyses the relation between partnership and a small partnership that derives from it. The comparative analysis of characteristics that qualify the latter concepts, the differences between small partnership and partnership concepts are revealed. The third part characterizes the main features of a small partnership regulation. This part describes the lacks of collaboration principles that are based on personal characteristics and widely applicable in the regulation of small partnerships, this part also reviews the reasons for consolidation of a limited liability doctrine, the importance for a legal autonomy of a small partnership, the expedience of the elimination of capital maintenance... [to full text]

Although the yellow press has been in existence in Great Britain and the USA since the start of the 19th century, it has only recently been introduced in the South African media environment. The mainstream press like Rapport and Beeld have showed certain characteristics of the yellow press for a while now, but rather present a combination of both trivial and more serious news to the reader. The arrival of the yellow media which brought along a more sensational approach to news became also visible in more serious papers. This phenomenon is called "tabloidisation". The yellow press can be distinguished from serious papers on the basis of its nature and presentation. These characteristics can be divided into three categories, namely news themes, language and style, and presentation. The yellow press can be recognised by the amount of news items that focus on scandals and gossip involving celebrities, sex and crime. These media communicate in a informal and an easy understandable way with the readers,. These publications often make use of crude language and the stories are mostly people-driven. The yellow press publication can be seen as an entertainment package, because the aim is to entertain the reader. A vivid news package is presented to the reader by using bold headlines, large photos, graphics, colour and a captivating front page. This study investigates the characteristics of the yellow press. It investigates whether and how these characteristics are presented under the categories news themes, language, style and presentation of three local daily tabloids, namely the Kaapse Son, Daily Voice and the Daily Sun. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Although the yellow press has been in existence in Great Britain and the USA since the start of the 19th century, it has only recently been introduced in the South African media environment. The mainstream press like Rapport and Beeld have showed certain characteristics of the yellow press for a while now, but rather present a combination of both trivial and more serious news to the reader. The arrival of the yellow media which brought along a more sensational approach to news became also visible in more serious papers. This phenomenon is called "tabloidisation". The yellow press can be distinguished from serious papers on the basis of its nature and presentation. These characteristics can be divided into three categories, namely news themes, language and style, and presentation. The yellow press can be recognised by the amount of news items that focus on scandals and gossip involving celebrities, sex and crime. These media communicate in a informal and an easy understandable way with the readers,. These publications often make use of crude language and the stories are mostly people-driven. The yellow press publication can be seen as an entertainment package, because the aim is to entertain the reader. A vivid news package is presented to the reader by using bold headlines, large photos, graphics, colour and a captivating front page. This study investigates the characteristics of the yellow press. It investigates whether and how these characteristics are presented under the categories news themes, language, style and presentation of three local daily tabloids, namely the Kaapse Son, Daily Voice and the Daily Sun. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

誇張肖像畫是以誇張與諷刺的手法來表現模特兒的特徵。現今這類畫作比起以寫實手法繪製的肖像畫，更受到大眾的喜愛；但是人們若想要自己模仿繪製出這類的肖像畫，除了要有繪畫天賦之外，也必須經過長時間的繪畫訓練以及對人臉的觀察，才能抓出模特兒的臉部特徵，並用生動的手法誇飾出來。 因此，如果電腦能做到代替誇張肖像畫家的工作，自動模仿繪製出誇張化的卡通肖像畫，將能替人們節省大量的時間及經費。本研究主要在設計一套能誇張肖像畫的系統，以根據使用者輸入的臉部影像，自動擷取臉部的特徵（包括特徵點的相對位置、絕對位置、形狀及大小等），並藉由分析這些特徵與常人相異之處，以一致的方式自動將特徵誇張化。這個系統並能以藝術家的作品為輸入，將使用者的臉部影像轉換成具有畫家卡通風格的誇張肖像畫。除了人臉的效果外，我們也進行了頭髮分離與模擬的研究，以強化畫像風格模擬的完整性。最後，我們以實做出了系統對數個具特徵的人臉影像進行實驗，以驗證其可行性及有效性。 / Caricaturists are good at drawing sketches which express the exaggerated likeness of a person with a bit flavor of humor or sarcasm. People are willing to pay for this kind of work because it requires a lot of practice to achieve excellence. Acute observation is needed to extract the distinct features from the subject, and decent painting skill is essential to depict these features vividly. It will save much time and effort if computers can be trained used to draw caricatures. In this thesis, we developed a system which can extract and analyze facial features from simple an input facial images. The main purpose of this system is to generate the user-own caricature model by exaggerating his/her unique facial features. Different types of features, including relative locations and sizes, absolute locations and sizes, and each the shape of features are all taken in accountwill be considered. Unlike the complex process reported in the literature, we develop a transformative process that can handle different types of features in a more uniform fashion. Using an artist’s finished work as the source image; the proposed system is capable of producing cartoon-like colorful caricatures of a similar style effectively and efficiently. Besides the caricature painting of the face part, we also present some approaches for hair segmentation and hair style painting to increase make the system more the completeness of our system. Finally, we prove the feasibility and effectiveness of our system by showing several experimental results.

Hay tres aspectos innovadores. Primero, un algoritmo novedoso para calcular el contenido emocional de un enunciado, con un diseño mixto que emplea aprendizaje estadístico e información sintáctica. Segundo, una extensión para selección de rasgos que permite adaptar los pesos y así aumentar la flexibilidad del sistema. Tercero, una propuesta para incorporar rasgos de alto nivel al sistema. Dichos rasgos, combinados con los rasgos de bajo nivel, permiten mejorar el rendimiento del sistema. / The first contribution of this thesis is a speech emotion recognition system called the ESEDA capable of recognizing emotions in di®erent languages. The second contribution is the classifier TGI+. First objects are modeled by means of a syntactic method and then, with a statistical method the mappings of samples are classified, not their feature vectors. The TGI+ outperforms the state of the art top performer on a benchmark data set of acted emotions. The third contribution is high-level features, which are distances from a feature vector to the tree automata accepting class i, for all i in the set of class labels. The set of low-level features and the set of high-level features are concatenated and the resulting set is submitted to the feature selection procedure. Then the classification step is done in the usual way. Testing on a benchmark dataset of authentic emotions showed that this classification strategy outperforms the state of the art top performer.

Speaker verification is the process of verifying or disputing the claimed identity of a speaker based on a recorded sample of their speech. Automatic speaker verification technology can be applied to a variety of person authentication and identification applications including forensics, surveillance, national security measures for combating terrorism, credit card and transaction verification, automation and indexing of speakers in audio data, voice based signatures, and over-the-phone security access. The ubiquitous nature of modern telephony systems allows for the easy acquisition and delivery of speech signals for processing by an automated speaker recognition system. Traditionally, approaches to automatic speaker verification have involved holistic modelling of low-level acoustic-based features in order to characterise physiological aspects of a speaker such as the length and shape of the vocal tract. Although the use of these low-level features has proved highly successful, there are numerous other sources of speaker specific information in the speech signal that have largely been ignored. In spontaneous and conversational speech, perceptually higher levels of in- formation such as the linguistic content, pronunciation idiosyncrasies, idiolectal word usage, speaking rates and prosody, can also provide useful cues as to identify of a speaker. The main aim of this work is to explore the incorporation of higher levels of information into the verification process. Specifically, linguistic constructs such as words, syllables and phones are examined for their usefulness as features for text-independent speaker verification. Two main approaches to incorporating these linguistic features are explored. Firstly, the direct modelling of linguistic feature sequences is examined. Stochastic language models are used to model word and phonetic sequences obtained from automatically obtained transcripts. Experimentation indicates that significant speaker characterising information is indeed contained in both word and phone-level transcripts. It is shown, however, that model estimation issues arise when limited speech is available for training. This speaker model estimation problem is addressed by employing an adaptive model training strategy that significantly improves the performance and extended the usefulness of both lexical and phonetic techniques to short training length situations. An alternate approach to incorporating linguistic information is also examined. Rather than modelling the high-level features independently of acoustic information, linguistic information is instead used to constrain and aid acoustic- based speaker verification techniques. It is hypothesised that a ext-constrained" approach provides direct benefits by facilitating more detailed modelling, as well as providing useful insight into which articulatory events provide the most useful speaker-characterising information. A novel framework for text-constrained speaker verification is developed. This technique is presented as a generalised framework capable of using di®erent feature sets and modelling paradigms, and is based upon the use of a newly defined pseudo-syllabic segmentation unit. A detailed exploration of the speaker characterising power of both broad phonetic and syllabic events is performed and used to optimise the system configuration. An evaluation of the proposed text- constrained framework using cepstral features demonstrates the benefits of such an approach over holistic approaches, particularly in extended training length scenarios. Finally, a complete evaluation of the developed techniques on the NIST2005 speaker recognition evaluation database is presented. The benefit of including high-level linguistic information is demonstrated when a fusion of both high- and low-level techniques is performed.

The main objective of this thesis is to identify how the software repository features influence software quality during software evolution. To do that the mining software repository area was used. This field analyzes the rich data from software repositories to extract interesting and actionable information about software systems, projects and software engineering. The ability to measure code quality and analyze the impact of software repository features on software quality allows us to better understand project history, project quality state, development processes and conduct future project analysis. Existing work in the area of software quality describes software quality analysis without a connection to the software repository features. Thus they lose important information that can be used for preventing bugs, decision-making and optimizing development processes. To conduct the analysis specific tool was developed, which cover quality measurement and repository features extraction. During the research general procedure of the software quality analysis was defined, described and applied in practice. It was found that there is no most influential repository feature and the correlation between software quality and software repository features exist, but it is too small to make a real influence.

This study investigates how seven Chinese sentence-final particles (SFP le, ne1, ma, ne2, ba1, ba2 and a; hereafter SFP) and their features are represented in English speakers’ L2 Chinese. In this research, SFPs are analysed as heads instantiating different positions in the CP domain (Paul 2009, 2014, 2015), which are head-final, and in particular, they are considered to carry semantic, syntactic and discourse features. As there is no SFP in English, the features on Chinese SFPs are realised by a variety of syntactic means. Through a proficiency test and six experimental tasks, data from 76 participants (including 18 Chinese native speakers, 20 low-intermediate learners, 20 high-intermediate learners and 18 advanced learners) were collected. Results show that English-speaking L2 learners can easily establish the basic syntactic structure of Chinese SFPs and successfully acquire the features attached to SFPs ma, ba1 and a. However, they have significant difficulty in acquiring the features attached to SFPs le, ne1, ne2 and ba2. In general, syntactic features on Chinese SFPs are intact in L2 grammars, whereas semantic features (i.e. syntax-semantics interfaces) are very vulnerable. In addition, it is found that not all discourse features (syntax-discourse interfaces) are problematic. Findings indicate that both L1 grammar (i.e. L1 transfer) and L2 input (frequency, saliency and complexity) play important roles in affecting learners’ acquisition of the features attached to Chinese SFPs. In particular, learners seem to transfer all feature sets from their L1 English. Semantic features that have been transferred from their L1 English but that are neither confirmed nor disconfirmed by the Chinese input have become dormant in the L2 Chinese, which complements the Dormant Feature Hypothesis (Yuan 2014). Furthermore, the homomorphous SFPs which exhibit a ‘one-to-many’ form-meaning connection are believed to complicate learners’ recognition and acquisition of relevant features on SFPs. It is also demonstrated that the mapping of a feature across CP domains (i.e. from a two-CP structure to a one-CP structure) can be problematic and difficult. The discourse feature needs to be reassembled in L2 grammars, which advances the arguments of the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere 2008, 2009a,b).

Malware is still one of the most prominent vectors through which computer networks and systems are compromised. A compromised computer system or network provides data and or processing resources to the world of cybercrime. With cybercrime projected to cost the world $6 trillion by 2021, malware is expected to continue being a growing challenge. Statistics around malware growth over the last decade support this theory as malware numbers enjoy almost an exponential increase over the period. Recent reports on the complexity of the malware show that the fight against malware as a means of building more resilient cyberspace is an evolving challenge. Compounding the problem is the lack of cyber security expertise to handle the expected rise in incidents. This thesis proposes advancing automation of the malware static analysis and detection to improve the decision-making confidence levels of a standard computer user in regards to a file’s malicious status. Therefore, this work introduces a framework that relies on two novel approaches to score the malicious intent of a file. The first approach attaches a probabilistic score to heuristic anomalies to calculate an overall file malicious score while the second approach uses fuzzy hashes and evidence combination theory for more efficient malware detection. The approaches’ resultant quantifiable scores measure the malicious intent of the file. The designed schemes were validated using a dataset of “clean” and “malicious” files. The results obtained show that the framework achieves true positive – false positive detection rate “trade-offs” for efficient malware detection.

The diploma thesis is focused on the problem of the specific features of working with an individual. As this is a very wide topic difficult to grasp for the interviewees, a narrower focus was created, on the area of mental health/illness. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. In the first one, a description of mental illness is found, to permit basic clarity and the imagination of working with this target group. The second part focuses on social activity, on the problem of caring for the mentally ill, and last but not least on the Reformation of psychiatric care, when the origin of Mental Health Centers (further mentioned as MHC) is related also to the adjustment of the work, methodology and approach of social workers. The practical part was created based on a qualitative research, via a semi-structured interview with workers, focusing on social work with mentally ill people. Due to creating an MHC in FOKUS Vysočina Region and via cooperating with the medical sector, i.e. also the Psychiatric Hospital in Havlíčkův Brod, the survey was implemented in the Havlíčkův Brod area serving as a catchment area. The aim of this thesis is to describe specific features of social work from social workers´ side working with mentally ill people (individuals) in the Havlíčkův Brod area. Using the research question: What specific features do social workers claim when working with mentally ill individuals. The executed research has proven that the specific theories and techniques used most include the interview, active listening, crisis intervention and the approach focused on the client. Further in the area of housing, finance, relationships, and the mental illness itself. The non-profit sector workers see a specific feature in cooperating with the medical sector, necessary for working in MHC and in the Recovery approach (the CARe method).