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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
661

Morfogênese, estrutura e dinâmica de perfilhamento de capim-tanzânia manejado com diferentes IAF residual, sob pastejo de cabras Anglonubiano /

Silva, Victor Costa e. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri / Banca: Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide / Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Resumo: O uso de pastagens é a alternativa mais econômica para a alimentação de ruminantes. É de suma importância o conhecimento das características morfogênicas e estruturais dos pastos, uma vez que as mesmas determinam o índice de área foliar do relvado, refletindo diretamente no pastejo pelos animais. O experimento foi conduzido no período de janeiro/2010 a junho/2010, com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfogênicas, estruturais e a dinâmica do perfilhamento do capim tanzânia em diferentes índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), sob pastejo rotacionado por cabras Anglonubiano. Os tratamentos consistiram de três IAF residual (0,8; 1,6 e 2,4). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, em arranjo de parcelas subdividas no tempo, com seis repetições e um total de 18 unidades experimentais. Para determinação do período de descanso foi adotado o critério de 95% de interceptação luminosa (condição de pré-pastejo). Foram avaliadas, no pré e pós pastejo, as alturas do dossel, IL, IAF, massa de forragem e as características morfogênicas e estruturais dos pastos. A altura média, IL e IAF dos dosséis no pré pastejo decresceram com a diminuição do IAFr. No pós pastejo, os IAFr 0,8 e 2,4 apresentaram maior e menor valor de IL, de 35,93 e 62,50%, respectivamente. No pré-pastejo os valores dos componentes de massa dos pastos mantidos sob IAFr 2,4 foram superiores (P<0,10), quando comparados aos pastos sob IAFr 0,8. Houve um aumento nos valores de massa verde seca (8696,85 kg/MS/ha) e massa seca total (12082,00 kg/MS/ha), conforme o ciclo de pastejo, devido principalmente à contribuição da massa seca de colmo (MSC). O período que compreendeu o último ciclo de pastejo teve a TApF 32% menor quando comparada aos primeiro e segundo ciclos de pastejo. O último ciclo de pastejo (Abr/Mai) apresentou TAlF inferior comparadas aos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of pastures is the most economical way to feed ruminants. It is of paramount importance the knowledge of the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the pasture, since they determine the leaf area index of the sward, is directly reflected by the grazing animals. The experiment was carried from janeiro2010 to June/2010, in order to evaluate the morphogenesis, structure and dynamics of tillering of Guinea grass in different residual LAI under rotational grazing by goats Anglo Nubian. The treatments consisted of three residual rLAI (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4). The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with a split plot arrangement, with six replication and a total of 18 plots. For the determination of rest period has been adopted the criterion of 95% light interception (under pre-grazing). There were evaluated before and after grazing, the sward heights, IL, LAI, herbage mass and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the pastures. The average height, canopy LAI and IL pre grazing decreased with decreasing rLAI. In the post grazing, the rLAI 0.8 and 2.4 showed higher and lower LI of 35.93 and 62.50% respectively. In the pre-grazing values of the components of the mass of swards under 2.4 rLAI were higher (P<0,10) when compared to pastures under rLAI 0.8. There was an increase in the values of green dry mass (8696,85 kg / DM / ha) and total dry mass (12082,00 kg / DM / ha) as the grazing cycle, mainly due to the contribution of the dry mass of stem (DMS). The period that included the last period of grazing had LAI 32% lower when compared to the first and second grazing cycles. The last grazing cycle (Apr / May) had markedly lower compared to previous cycles (Mar / Apr). The lifespan of leaves (VPD) was affected by treatments (rLAI) and the grazing season (P<0.10). The rLAI 2.4 resulted in longer life compared to rLAI 0.8 and 1.6. No significant rLAI ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
662

Réingénierie des fonctions des plateformes LMS par l'analyse et la modélisation des activités d'apprentissage : application à des contextes éducatifs avec fracture numérique / Reengineering of learning management systems features by analysis and modeling of learning activities : application to educational contexts with digital divide

Lamago, Merlin Ferdinand 17 May 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse modélise l’activité d’apprentissage dans les plateformes LMS (Learning Management System) en vue d’optimiser l’efficacité des utilisateurs. Ce projet est né d’une préoccupation pratique, à savoir comment faciliter l’utilisation des plateformes LMS chez les enseignants et apprenants des pays en voie de développement qui font face à la fracture numérique et éducative. Cette recherche aborde le problème de l’adaptabilité des LMS et suppose deux niveaux de modélisation : l’outil d’apprentissage et le contexte d’utilisation projeté. Pour traiter cette question d’adaptabilité, nous procédons par une double approche : l’analyse fonctionnelle des outils LMS et la réingénierie des interfaces utilisateurs. La première consiste à définir une approche d’analyse de l’activité d’enseignement-apprentissage dans les plateformes LMS. Ceci passe par une modélisation des situations courantes d’apprentissage et un croisement avec les fonctionnalités offertes dans les solutions LMS existantes. Ce travail préliminaire a permis de construire et proposer un modèle d’analyse utilisationnelle des plateformes que nous désignons méthode OCAPI fondé sur cinq catégories fonctionnelles : Organiser-Collaborer-Accompagner-Produire-Informer. La seconde approche s’inspire de la recherche fondamentale menée en amont et propose une réingénierie adaptative des LMS basée sur le contexte d’utilisation. Il s’agit d’un configurateur automatique embarqué qui adapte l’environnement de travail pour chaque usage et usager. Le prototype est articulé dans l’intention manifeste d’assurer une prise en main rapide des novices et se veut le moins contraignant possible du point de vue technologique. / The present research aims to model learning processes on Learning ManagementSystems (LMS) in a bid to maximize users’ efficiency. We came about this idea whilethinking over the possible ways of facilitating the use of LMS for teachers and learnersin countries affected by the digital divide. Drawing from that, the following question hasbeen stated: in a given learning context, how can we insert a Learning ManagementSystem that provides users with both easy handling and optimal using conditions? Thisissue raises the problem of LMS adaptability and suggests two levels of modeling: thelearning tool on one hand and the planned context of use on the other. To address thisissue of adaptability, we adopt a two-pronged approach including the functionalanalysis of LMS tools and the reengineering of user interfaces. The first step is todevelop an approach for the analysis of teaching and learning processes on LMS. Thisentails modeling common learning situations and cross-checking them with thefeatures available in LMS solutions. This preliminary work enabled to build a formalismfor LMS analysis which is referred to as the OCGPI approach (Organize-Collaborate-Guide-Produce-Inform). The second step proposes an adaptive reengineering of LMSbased on the context of use. This is namely an embedded configurator which adaptsthe working environment according to each use and each user. This tool aims at givingbeginners the possibility of acquainting themselves quickly with the virtual platform.
663

Hledání australské identity - základní autorská motivace Patricka Whitea / Seeking the Australian identity - the essential motivation of Patrick White

DAMCOVÁ, Lenka January 2007 (has links)
This paper aims at an analysis of major themes in Patrick White's novels with special attention given to the awareness of Australian identity as the chief motif in The Tree of Man, Voss, The Eye of the Storm, A Fringe of Leaves, and The Vivisector. No less important is the study into the autobiographical inspiration behind White's characters.
664

A Construction Grammar Analysis of the expression /on the one hand...on the other hand/

Holmberg, Mattias January 2008 (has links)
The expression /on the one hand…on the other hand/ (OH1 OH2) is a fixed linguistic pattern which is used to emphasize the comparison between two possibly complex propositions (henceforth X and Y). The static syntactic form of the pattern and the specific semantic comparison it evokes are strong indicators that it is a construction of the type discussed in the analytical method Construction Grammar (henceforth CxG). Thus, the aim of this essay is to argue that the pattern OH1X OH2Y is a CxG construction with specific syntactic and semantic constraints, and at the same time to give a descriptive account of the features of the construction. The British National Corpus was used to get examples containing the pattern. The syntactic and semantic features of these examples were analysed and the results were compared with how the traditional descriptive grammarians account for the pattern.
665

Essay on the Linguistic Features in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

Nygren, Åsa January 2006 (has links)
The literature on J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter is prolific. People have written on various topics dealing with issues such as translation, etymology and diverse areas concerning the language. In this essay, I examine whether linguistic features such as reporting verbs, adverbs of manner and adjectives contribute to the depiction of heroic and villainous characters. Before conducting this research, my assumptions were that there would be a great difference in the value of the words depending on the character they were associated with. I wanted to see if the heroic characters used verbs and adverbs with positive connotations, and the villainous characters verbs and adverbs with negative connotations. I also wanted to know if the adjectives describing the characters could, in themselves, clearly indicate whether a character was a hero or a villain. The results of my research suggested that the choice of particular verbs and adverbs contributed only indirectly to the depiction of the characters. Without context, it was not possible to know if the character was a hero or a villain simply by identifying the verbs and adverbs used to describe their speech. By contrast, the choice of particular adjectives did appear to indicate more clearly whether a character was hero or villain. Finally, the results of my research indicated that context, rather than the use of particular linguistic features was often the most important factor in contributing to the portrayal of characters in the novel.
666

Classificador automático de achados mamográficos em imagens digitais de mamas densas utilizando técnicas híbridas / Automatic classifier of mammographic findings in dense breast digital images using hybrid techniques

Ana Claudia Patrocinio 22 December 2004 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta uma metodologia para classificação automática de achados mamográficos em mamas densas através de uma abordagem híbrida de classificadores e extração de atributos, como parte de um esquema computadorizado de auxílio ao diagnóstico (CAD) para mamografia. Foram implementadas duas redes Backpropagation. Uma responde pela classificação de clusters de microcalcificações, através de atributos descritores geométricos, em duas classes - suspeito e não suspeito. A outra rede classifica nódulos utilizando descritores geométricos e uma entrada com informação extraída de atributos de intensidade, produzindo na saída dois tipos de informação: presença ou não do nódulo, e constatada a presença do nódulo, classificação da região de interesse (RI) entre as categorias BI-RADS. As respostas de um \"clusterizador\" de RIs através de atributos de intensidade serviram de entrada para essa rede fornecendo uma informação de grau de densidade da RI. Uma interface foi desenvolvida para a apresentação dos resultados a fim de fornecer informações mais detalhadas da classificação e do caso analisado. Os resultados do classificador foram analisados através de análise estatística de sensibilidade e especificidade, e também por curvas ROC. Os resultados obtidos ficaram próximos a 89% de acerto total (verdadeiros-positivos mais verdadeiros-negativos) para nódulos produzindo valor de Az superior a 0,92 e ultrapassaram 75% de acerto da classificação entre as classes BI-RADS. Na classificação dos clusters os acertos totais do classificador ficaram próximos de 90%, com Az superior a 0,94. Para ambos tipos de lesões, as taxas de respostas falsas-negativas ficaram abaixo de 0,1, o que significa baixo erro em relação à não detecção da doença quando o sinal está presente. O classificador apresentado nesse trabalho é a conclusão de uma etapa importante do esquema CAD que vem sendo desenvolvido pelo grupo, além de possibilitar a disponibilização de mais uma ferramenta automática de auxílio ao diagnóstico do câncer de mama aos serviços de mamografia. / This thesis presents a methodology for automatic classification of mamographic findings in image of dense breast through hybrid approach of classifiers and features extraction techniques, as part of a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for mammography. Two Backpropagation neural networks were implemented. One for microcalcifications clustered classification, through geometric descriptors, in two classes - suspect and non-suspect. The other neural network classifies nodules using geometric descriptors and additional information from intensity features extracted, producing in the output two kinds of information: presence or not of the nodule, and if nodule is present in the image, classification among BI-RADS categories. The result of clustering technique by using intensity features is presented as a new input to neural network, supplying density degree of image. An interface was developed for results presentation in order to supply more detailed information from the classifier outputs and of the analyzed case. The results of the classifier were analyzed through sensibility and specificity statistical analysis, and also for ROC curves. The results were close to 89% of total accuracy (positive-true plus negative-true) for nodules producing value of Az more than 0,92 and 75% of accuracy to classification among BI-RADS categories. In the cluster classification the total accuracy is about 90%, and Az greater than 0,94. In both kinds of lesions, negative-false result rates were below 0,1, which means low error related to the fail to detect the disease when the signal is present. The classifier presented in this work is the conclusion of an important stage of the CAD scheme that has been developed by the group, besides making possible the availability of one more automatic tool of aid to the breast cancer diagnosis to be used in mammography centers.
667

Elaboração de uma base de conhecimentos para auxílio ao diagnóstico através da comparação visual de imagens mamográficas / Survey and implementation of a database of knowledge to aid the diagnostic of breast images though visual inspection and comparison

Marcelo Ossamu Honda 27 August 2001 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e implementação de um banco de conhecimentos para auxiliar o diagnóstico de lesões da mama por inspeção visual, permitindo ao médico consultas através de características pictóricas da imagem e a comparação visual entre imagem investigada e imagens previamente classificadas e suas informações clínicas. As imagens encontram-se classificadas no banco de conhecimentos segundo o padrão \"Breast imaging reporting and data systems\" (BI-RADS) do Colégio Americano de Radiologia. A seleção das imagens, informações clínicas representativas, bem como sua classificação foram realizada em conjunto com médicos radiologistas do Centro de Ciências das Imagens e Física Médica (CCIFM) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O processo de indexação e recuperação das imagens é baseado em atributos de textura extraídos de \"Regions of interest\" (ROIs) previamente estabelecidas em mamogramas digitalizados. Para simplificar este processo, foi utilizado a Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), que visa a redução do número de atributos de textura e as informações redundantes existentes. Os melhores resultados obtidos foram para as ROIs 139 (Precisão = 0.80), 59 (Precisão = 0.86) e um valor de 100% de acerto para a ROI 40. / This work presents the survey and implementation of a database of knowledge to aid the diagnostic of breast lesions through visual inspection, allowing the physician a seach through the characteristics of the contents of the image and the visual comparison between the analysed image and the previously classified images and its clinical information. The images are classified into the database of knowledge according to the pattern Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) of the American College of Radiology. The selection of the images, the representative clinical information, as well as its classification have been performed in conjunction with practictioners radiologists of the Centro de Ciências das Imagens e Física Médica (CCIFM) from Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP) from Universidade de São Paulo (USP). The process of indexing and retrieving the images is based on characteristic of the texture extracted from the regions of interest (ROIs) previously established through scanned mammograms. To simplify this path, the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used it aims the reduction of the number of features of texture and the existing redundant information. The best results obtained were to the ROIs 139 (precision = 0.80), 59 (precision = 0.86) and a value of 100% of precision for ROI 40.
668

Metodologia de extração automática de características da mão para a estimação da idade óssea utilizando redes neurais artificiais no processo de decisão / Methodology of automatic extraction of hand characteristics for the estimation of the bone age using artificial neural nets in the decision process

Alini da Cruz Queiroz 26 May 2006 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma metodologia para estimação da idade óssea baseada no método de Eklof & Ringertz utilizando redes neurais artificiais como classificador, com a finalidade de auxiliar o diagnóstico do radiologista e diminuir a dimensionalidade dos dados analisados pela rede neural, diminuindo a quantidade de centros de ossificação do método utilizado. A metodologia contém um processo automático de extração de características de imagens radiográficas da mão. Na etapa de classificação é utilizada a rede neural perceptron multicamadas, com o algoritmo de treinamento de Levenberg-Marquardt. As características extraídas da imagem são utilizadas como entrada para a rede neural, e os dados do Atlas de Eklof & Ringertz são utilizados como matriz de treinamento. Os resultados da etapa de classificação chegaram a uma taxa de 95% de acerto ao utilizar um centro de ossificação a menos que o método de Eklof & Ringertz simplificado / Grounded an Eklof & Ringertz’s method and using artificial neural networks as classifier, the main purpoise of this work is to present a methodology to reckon the bone age to the effect to help the radiologist’s diagnosis and to reduce the dimensionality of the data analyzed by neural network, reducing the quantity of the ossification’s centers of the used method. The methodology holds an automatic process to the hands radiographies image’s features. The multilayer perceptron neural network is used in the classification stage, with the Levemberg-Marquardt’s training algorithm. The taken image’s features are used as an input to the neural network, and Eklof & Ringertz’s Atlas data are used as training source. The results of the classification stage reached a rate of 95% of accuracy when applying the Eklof & Ringertz’s simplified method, excluding one of the ossification center
669

AnÃlise investigativa de polimorfismos genÃticos associados à suscetibilidade da infecÃÃo da dengue em pacientes do Brasil / Investigative analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility of dengue infection in patients Brazil

Isaac Farias CansanÃÃo 31 August 2015 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Piauà / Dengue is an infectious disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in tropical and subtropical countries. Infection can be asymptomatic or have warning signs leading to severity. The diversity of these episodes can be affected mainly by the ratio of serotypes/genotypes of the virus. Different interleukins are directly associated with dengue infection, and they are closely related to the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Genetic polymorphisms of these cytokines may be responsible for the imbalance of the inflammatory process and markers for dengue susceptibility and may be related to dengue symptoms. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukins (IL) IL1&#946; -511C>T, IL1RN bp VNTR 86, IL6 -174G>C and IL10 -819C>T and TNF&#945; -308G>A were analyzed in a group of 198 individuals with suspected dengue infection, during August 2011 to August 2013. Dengue was confirmed in 118 patients, and the control group consisted of another 80 individuals without dengue. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from medical records or personal interviews. The genotype frequencies of all SNPs analyzed were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), except for the TNF&#945; gene. The major finding was the association of the IL1&#946; (-511C>T) T allele with dengue susceptibility (p <0.05). Analysis of association showed that the presence of the IL6 (-174G>C) polymorphic allele showed an increase in dengue susceptibility combined with at least a polymorphic allele of TNF&#945; and with IL1&#946; (-511C>T) polymorphic allele. Also, the heterozygous genotype of IL10 (-819 C>T) was significantly associated with TNF&#945; (-308G>A) and IL1&#946; (-511C>T) with IL1RN homozygous polymorphic genotypes for both, respectively. Considering the clinical symptoms, only dizziness was found to be associated with the T allele IL1&#946; (-511C>T) (P = 0.01). Our data showed the importance of IL1&#946; (-511C>T) polymorphism for dengue susceptibility and highlighted the additive effect of some interleukins. Also shown was that this polymorphism can be a marker for dengue symptoms, which may be relevant for therapeutic approaches. / A dengue à uma doenÃa infecciosa que detÃm altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em paÃses tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. A infecÃÃo pode ser assintomÃtica, possuir sinais de alerta ou levar à gravidade. A diversidade destas manifestaÃÃes pode ser afetada, principalmente, pela relaÃÃo sorotipo/genÃtipo do vÃrus. Diferentes interleucinas estÃo diretamente associadas com a infecÃÃo de dengue, e estas estÃo estreitamente relacionadas com a imunopatogÃnese da doenÃa. Polimorfismos genÃticos de citocinas podem ser responsÃveis pelo desequilÃbrio do processo inflamatÃrio, sendo potenciais marcadores da susceptibilidade à dengue bem como responsÃveis pelos sintomas a ela associados. Neste estudo, polimorfismos de nucleotÃdeo Ãnico (SNP) das interleucinas (IL) 1&#946; -511C>T, IL1RN VNTR 86 bp, IL6 -174G>C, IL10 -819C>T e TNF&#945; -308G>A foram analisados em um grupo de 198 indivÃduos com suspeita de infecÃÃo por dengue, durante agosto de 2011 a agosto de 2013. A dengue foi confirmada em 118 pacientes e o grupo controle consistiu em 80 indivÃduos sem dengue. Os dados clÃnicos e epidemiolÃgicos foram coletados de prontuÃrio ou entrevista pessoal. As frequÃncias genotÃpicas de todos os SNPs analisados estavam em equilÃbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (HWE), exceto o gene TNF&#945;. A principal associaÃÃo encontrada foi o alelo T do IL1&#946; (-511C>T) para susceptibilidade a dengue (P<0,05). AnÃlises de associaÃÃo mostraram que a presenÃa do alelo polimÃrfico de IL6 (-174G>C) mostrou um aumento da susceptibilidade para dengue quando combinado com pelo menos um alelo polimÃrfico de TNF&#945; e com o alelo polimÃrfico do IL1&#946; (-511C>T). AlÃm disso, o genÃtipo heterozigoto de IL10 (-819 C>T) e IL1&#946; (-511C>T) foram significativamente associados com TNF&#945; (-308G>A) e com IL1RN com genÃtipos homozigotos polimÃrficos para ambos, respectivamente. Considerando os sintomas clÃnicos, apenas tontura foi encontrado associado com o alelo T do IL1&#946; -511C>T (P = 0,01). Nossos dados mostraram a importÃncia do polimorfismo do IL1&#946; (-511C>T) para a susceptibilidade de dengue e ressalta o efeito aditivo de algumas interleucinas. TambÃm demonstrou que este polimorfismo pode ser um marcador para sintomas de dengue, o que pode ser relevante para abordagens terapÃuticas.
670

Estudo das características fonético-fonológicas da variedade falada em São José do Rio Preto / studies of phonetic-phonological features of the variety spoken in Sao Jose do Rio Preto

Alessandra Aronne 18 February 2011 (has links)
Com o objetivo de contribuir para a caracterização da variedade falada no noroeste paulista, bem como de auxiliar na compreensão da diversidade linguística encontrada no Brasil, descrevemos as características fonético-fonológicas da variedade falada em São José do Rio Preto, utilizando o referecial teórico-metodológico da Sociolingüística Laboviana e da Dialetologia. Analisaremos doze amostras de fala do banco de dados do Projeto Iboruna, selecionadas segundo os fatores sociais: sexo, faixa etária e grau de escolaridade. Descreveremos as vogais orais e nasais, as realizações dos fonemas /s/, /l/, /´/, /r/ e /d/ e /t/ antes de [i] e outros fenômenos linguísticos. Fizemos também referência a obras que tratam da descrição de outras variedades do português com o objetivo de observar se as realizações encontradas em São José do Rio Preto são conservadoras ou inovadoras, se são peculiaridades de lá, ou se também são encontradas em outras variedades. Concluímos que a variedade estudada apresenta características fonético-fonológicas que são comuns em outras comunidades lusófonas e que, se partirmos do português europeu para se estabelecer comparações com a variedade estudada, esta apresenta algumas características conservadoras. / Aiming to contribute to the characterization of the variety spoken in the northwestern region of São Paulo, as well as help understanding the linguistic diversity found in Brazil, the phonetic-phonological features of the variety spoken in São José do Rio Preto were described, using the theoretical and methodological references of the Labovian Sociolinguistics and the Dialectology. Twelve samples of speech from Project Iboruna database, selected according to the following social factors: gender, age and education level will be analyzed. The oral and nasal vowels, the pronunciation of the phonemes /s/, /l/, /´/, /r/ and /d/ and /t/ before [i], and other linguistic phenomena were analyzed. The literature on the description of other varieties of Portuguese language was referred in order to observe if the variants found in São José do Rio Preto are conservative or innovative, if they are peculiarities from there, or whether they are found in other varieties. The conclusion was that the analyzed variety presents phonetic-phonological features that are common in other lusophone communities, and if compared to the European Portuguese, it has some conservative features.

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