Abstrakt Den här studiens syfte har varit att undersöka det arbetssätt Stockholms Bild- och formklasser bedriver och synliggöra vilka kunskaper och förmågor eleverna får med sig. Undersökningen bygger dels på elevrapporter, dels på fotografier som tagits under projektets gång. Studien fokuserar på den estetiska lärprocess eleverna själva beskriver och söker svar på vad eleverna anser att de har lärt sig. Studiens titel ”Lite flum har ingen dött av, eller?” anspelar på de an-taganden som påstår att skolan av idag är en skola där man inte lär sig någonting på grund av att undervisningen är ”flummig”. Den här studiens utgångspunkt är, att den form av undervis-ning som anses ”flummig” – där flum ofta är liktydigt med mjuka värden som kan kopplas till vekhet varifrån det inte är långt till att förknippas med slapphet – innehåller viktiga lärande-aspekter. I mitt arbete utgår jag från socialkonstruktionism som teori och diskursanalys som metod, genom att använda mig av Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys. Med hjälp av den kritiska diskursanalysen söker jag belysa de diskurser som framträder i materialet samt beskriva hur elevernas egen diskursiva praktik ser ut.Studiens resultat visar att det arbetssätt Stockholms Bild- och formklasser bedriver med ett fokus på estetiska lärprocesser, bidrar till att elever upplever att de skaffar sig ett fördjupat lärande med bestående kunskaper och förmågor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6328_1.pdf: 594892 bytes, checksum: ad966bc75b78fa320dbe40edeebed97e (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Algumas espécies de gafanhotos são pragas milenares de áreas cultivadas em diversas regiões do mundo, provocando grandes prejuízos econômicos e ecológicos em períodos de explosão populacional. No Brasil, as espécies mais ameaçadoras, que causam danos significativos às lavouras e pastagens, são Rhammatocerus schistocercoides, Stiphra robusta e Schistocerca pallens, nenhuma das quais foi geneticamente bem caracterizada, apesar da grande importância prática. Neste trabalho foi iniciada a caracterização genética de S. pallens, através da localização por hibridização in situ dos genes Lys, Hsp70 e Hsp83 em cromossomos meióticos. Aproximadamente 700 núcleos foram analisados para os três genes e o percentual médio de marcação foi de 68,49%. Após análise de 108 núcleos marcados, com uma freqüência de 94,44% o gene Lys foi mapeado no cromossomo G1. O gene Hsp70 foi mapeado no cromossomo G2, onde foram observadas 89,94% das marcações do total de 199 núcleos marcados. Para o loco Hsp83 foram contados 163 núcleos marcados, dos quais 97,54% das marcações foram localizadas em um cromossomo médio identificado como M7. Para todos os genes hibridizados outras marcações foram observadas, mas todas em freqüências inferiores a 30%. Estes são os primeiros genes mapeados em S. pallens, sendo também os primeiros genes de cópia única mapeados na família Acrididae. Além de servir como novos marcadores para individualização cromossômica, os dados da localização destes genes poderão ser úteis como marcas físicas para um eventual programa de seqüenciamento genômico da espécie

The Portuguese Expeditionary Force fought in the trenches of northern France from April 1917 to April 1918. on 9 April 1918 the sledgehammer blow of Operation Georgette fell upon the exhausted Portuguese troops. British accounts of the Portuguese Corps’ participation in combat on the Western Front are terse. Many are dismissive. in fact, Portuguese units experienced heavy combat and successfully held their ground against all attacks. Regarding Georgette, the standard British narrative holds that most of the Portuguese soldiers threw their weapons aside and ran. the account is incontrovertibly false. Most of the Portuguese combat troops held their ground against the German assault. This thesis details the history of the Portuguese Expeditionary Force.

Reverse transcription in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) is initiated from a tRNA, tRNALys3, that is annealed to the primer binding site (PBS) in the 5' region of viral RNA. This tRNA, along with the other major tRNALys isoacceptors, tRNALys1,2 , is selectively packaged into HIV-1 during its assembly. The formation of a tRNALys packaging/annealing complex is believed to involve the interaction between a Gag/GagPol/viral complex with a lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS)/tRNALys complex, with Gag interacting specifically with LysRS, and GagPol interacting with both Gag and tRNALys. In fact, Gag particles alone will package LysRS, but GagPol, which binds tRNA Lys, is also required for incorporation of the tRNALys. / The model we propose for the tRNALys packaging/annealing complex predicts a possible interaction between LysRS and Pol sequences in GagPol, which might facilitate transfer of tRNALys3 from LysRS to the reverse transcriptase (RT) thumb domain where tRNALys3 binds. In this work, we demonstrate that, in addition to its interaction with Gag, LysRS also interacts with sequences within the connection/RNaseH domains in RT. Since these RT domains are not required for tRNALys packaging into HIV-1, the LysRS/Pol interaction is probably not involved in the transfer of tRNALys3 to RT. The LysRS/Pol interaction may instead be involved in tRNALys3 annealing since the connection domain in RT has been found to be required for this process. Also, since an interaction has been reported between Gag and Pol sequences in GagPol, we also investigated whether the Gag/LysRS/Pol interaction played an important role in stabilizing the Gag/Pol interaction, and found, using siRNA to LysRS, that it did not. / tRNALys3 annealing to viral RNA is promoted by nucleocapsid sequences in Gag and by mature NCp7, and we have examined the roles of Gag and NCp7 in this process. Gag- and NC-facilitated tRNALys3 annealing to HIV-1 RNA were measured both in vivo and in vitro, indirectly by the ability of annealed tRNALys3 to prime reverse transcription, and directly by measuring the occupancy of the PBS by tRNALys3. While tRNALys3 annealing can be carried out by both Gag and NCp7, exposure (in vivo or in vitro) of the tRNALys3/viral RNA complex to NCp7 is required for optimum placement of the tRNALys3. This is indicated by 1) tRNALys3's reduced ability to incorporate the first dNTP, dCTP, and 2) its more ready displacement from the PBS by DNA synthesized from a downstream primer. / It has been previously demonstrated that APOBEC3G (A3G) can inhibit tRNA Lys3 annealing to viral RNA, and we have used A3G to further dissect the roles of Gag and NCp7 in annealing, both in vitro and in vivo. Experiments studying how APOBEC3G (A3G) inhibits tRNA Lys3 annealing indicate that in protease-positive viruses, Gag-facilitated tRNALys3 annealing may only playa minor role. In vivo and in vitro, A3G only inhibits NCp7-facilitated annealing, and not Gag-facilitated annealing. Nevertheless, while Gag is able to show 70-80% of the annealing efficiency of NCp7 in a protease-negative virus, A3G can reduce annealing efficiency in protease-positive viruses to 40%. This appears to be due to the fact that, in vitro, the presence of NCp7 makes prior Gag-facilitated annealing susceptible to A3G. This suggests that in wild type viruses, any Gag-facilitated annealing of tRNALys3 to viral RNA that does occur is altered through an A3G-susceptible re-annealing by NCp7.

No description available.

Le pays d'Aire est un espace prospère à la frontière des comtés de Saint-Pol, de Flandre et d'Artois. Cette région rurale et céréalière est arrosée par la Lys, rivière permettant le commerce avec les grandes villes de Flandre. L'ensemble forme l'assise territoriale d'un bailliage artésien dont le siège est placé à Aire-sur-la-Lys, petite ville vivant dans l'ombre de sa puissante voisine Saint-Omer et de la cité de Thérouanne. Cet espace intermédiaire entre Ypres et Hesdin, Lille et Saint-Omer, possède toutefois d'incontestables atouts économiques et une identité originale. Aire, farouchement artésienne mais fortement influencée par la Flandre, fut toujours à la recherche d'un protecteur à la fin du Moyen Age. Ce rôle fut confié tantôt au prévôt de la collégiale tantôt au bailli. Un lignage noble originaire d'Enguinegatte entreprend de mettre la main sur la région, d'abord en menant une subtile politique matrimoniale puis en monopolisant la charge de bailli. Cet office, cumulé à la charge de chambellan local, leur permet de constituer un solide réseau local dans lequel sont impliqués l'échevinage, les chanoines mais aussi le cousinage et les bâtards du lignage. Les Viesville sont alors les véritables maîtres d'Aire et profitent de la reconversion économique de la région après les grandes pestes. La famille parvient à surmonter les coups durs reçus dans le premier quart du XVe siècle mais son influence est finalement balayée par la guerre menée en Artois par Louis XI après la mort de Charles le Téméraire. Véritable "cygne noir", cet avatar dans la lente construction de l'Etat coûte à cette famille tout ce qu'il lui avait apporté dans un premier temps. / The country of Aire is a prosperous area on the border of the counties of Saint-Pol, Flanders and Artois. This rural and cereal area is watered by the Lys river which allows trade with the big cities of Flanders. It forms the territorial basis of an Artesian bailiwick which headquarter is located in Aire-sur-la-Lys, a town living in the shade of the powerful neighbourhood of Saint-Omer and Thérouanne. This intermediate space between Ypres and Hesdin, Lille and Saint-Omer, has however indisputable economic advantages and its own identity. Aire, fiercely from Artois but strongly influenced by Flanders, was at the end of the Middle Ages always in search of a protector. This role was sometimes entrusted to the provost of the collegiate church, sometimes to the bailiff. A noble lineage native of Enguinegatte began to get hold on the region, at first by leading a subtle marital politic then by monopolizing the bailiff’s office. This status, added to the one of the chamberlain of the duke of Burgundy, allowed them to establish a robust local network in which were implied local elites, canons but also cousins and illegitimate children of the lineage. The La Viesville were then the real masters of Aire and took advantage of the economic reconversion of the region after the Great Plague. The family succeeded in overcoming the shocks received in the first quarter of the XVth century but its influence was finally annihilated by the war led in Artois by Louis XI after the death of Charles the Bold. Real " black swan ", this step in the slow construction of the State cost to this family all that it had brought before.

Den 22 juli 2011 bombade Anders Behring Breivik regeringskvarteren i Oslo. 8 personer dog och flera skadades. Bomben orsakade också stor materiell skada. Några timmar senare sköt gärningsmannen ihjäl 69 personer på ön Utøya. Denna studie undersöker hur Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten, Aftonbladet och Expressen rapporterade kring händelserna de fem första dagarna efter dåden. Med utgångspunkt i ett diskursperspektiv har studien genom kvalitativ analys av texterna svarat på hur gärningsmannen till de båda dåden har förklarats i de fyra tidningarna. Det har visat sig att han beskrivits på många olika sätt. Han har framställts som exempelvis terrorist och högerextrem, personlighetsstörd och som psykiskt sjuk. Dessa skapar tillsammans med andra beskrivningar, som exempelvis singel, frimurare eller ond, en bild av gärningsmannen som inte är enhetlig. Beskrivningarna fungerar som förklaringar till dåden. Det kan med stöd i tidigare forskning vara så att rädslan över att kategorisera rasistiska ytt-ringar eller som i detta fall, terroristiska och högerextrema sådana, vilket gör att gärnings-mannen inte kategoriseras som det ena eller det andra utan får flera benämningar. Studien har som en andra slutsats kommit fram till att de olika rubriceringarna fungerar som en förklar-ingsmodell eller orsak till brottet eftersom det inte förklaras djupare utan får stå för sig själva. En tredje slutsats är att terrorism och terrorist är beteckningar på brottet och gärningsmannen, snarare än en förklaring till varför det inträffat. Detta eftersom dessa beteckningar återkom-mer oavsett vilken förklaring som anges.

No description available.

Demografisk udvikling peger i retning af en signifikant øgning i antallet af ældre og gamle mennesker. Dette skaber ifølge WHO en udfordring for regeringerne for at opstille en politik, der øger menneskers mulighed for at forblive aktive op i alderdommen. Opfattelsen er, at der bør være mere vægt på sundhedsfremme. Dette er en kvalitativ studie af, hvilken betydning naturen har for ældre (60+) menneskers oplevelse af velvære, og hvilket nærmiljø de foretrækker. Ved analyse af 12 semi-strukturerede interviews, viser fund, at naturens værdi er meget høj blandt informanterne, og at naturoplevelser medvirker til deres følelse af velvære. De opfatter deres nærmiljø som en del af naturen, og de foretrækker især deres have og terrasse. Et nyt fund i denne studie er, at informanterne specielt understreger lysets betydning for deres velvære. Perspektivet i studien er, at det bør overvejes at udnytte natur som en ressource i sundhedspolitik. / Demographic development points to a significant increase in elderly and old people, which according to WHO is creating challenges for governments to make policies, that increase the opportunities for people to stay active as they age. The point is that there should be more emphasis on health promotion. This is a qualitative study on what impact nature has on elderly (60+) peoples experience of well-being, and what kind of nearby environment they prefer. Analysing 12 semi-structured interviews, the findings are, that the value of nature is very high amongst the informants and that nature tributes to their well-being. To them, their nearby environment is part of nature, and they particularly prefer garden and terraces. New findings in this study are, that the informants emphasis especially how much nature’s light means to them. The perspectives of this study suggest that health policies consider nature as a resource in health promotion / <p>ISBN 91-7997-129-6</p>

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Bothropoides erythromelas à responsÃvel por muitos acidentes no Nordeste do Brasil. O veneno desta serpente induz insuficiÃncia renal aguda. Rins isolados de ratos Wistar, pesando 250 a 300g, foram perfundidos durante 120 min com soluÃÃo Krebs-Henseleit contendo 6g% de albumina bovina. O veneno total de Bothropoides erythromelas foi estudado anteriormente (SOUSA, 2004) e utilizado neste estudo para posterior comparaÃÃo com os grupos tratados com as fraÃÃes PLA2 Lys 49 e Asp 49 do veneno. O veneno total (10mg/mL) e as fraÃÃes PLA2 Lys 49 e Asp 49 (5mg/mL) de B. erythromelas foram adicionados ao sistema 30 min apÃs o inÃcio de cada experimento. Os parÃmetros estudados incluÃram pressÃo de perfusÃo (PP), resistÃncia vascular renal (RVR), ritmo de filtraÃÃo glomerular (RFG), fluxo urinÃrio (FU), percentual de transporte tubular de sÃdio, potÃssio e cloreto (%TNa+, %TK+ e %TCl-), percentual de transporte proximal de sÃdio, potÃssio e cloreto (%pTNa+, %pTK+ e %pTCl-), excreÃÃo de sÃdio, potÃssio e cloreto (ENa+, EK+ e ECl-) e clearance osmÃtico (Cosm) (p< 0,05*). O grupo controle perfundido com albumina foi funcionalmente estÃvel por todos os 120 min. A infusÃo do veneno causou um aumento significante no FU, ENa+, ECl- e Cosm e uma diminuiÃÃo na PP, RVR, %TNa+, %TK+, %TCl-, %pTNa+, %pTK+ e %pTCl-. O RFG e a EK+ diminuÃram aos 60 min e aumentaram aos 90 e 120 min quando comparado com o grupo controle. A infusÃo de Lys 49 causou um aumento significante na PP, FU, ENa+, EK+ e Cosm e diminuiu o RFG e o %TNa+ quando comparada com o grupo controle. Lys 49 nÃo modificou os outros parÃmetros funcionais renais. A infusÃo de Asp 49 modificou apenas os parÃmetros funcionais renais %pTK+ (diminuiÃÃo) e EK+ (aumento) quando comparada ao grupo controle. Lys 49 apresentou um efeito similar ao veneno total nos parÃmetros FU, %TNa+, ENa+, EK+ e Cosm e Asp 49 nos parÃmetros %pTK+ e EK+. A anÃlise histolÃgica mostrou uma quantidade moderada de material proteinÃceo nos glomÃrulos e tÃbulos de rins perfundidos com o veneno, Lys 49 e Asp 49, bem como regiÃes focais de apoptose/necrose em rins perfundidos com Lys 49 e Asp 49. CÃlulas MDCK foram cultivadas em meio de cultura RPMI 1640 suplementado com 10% vv de soro bovino fetal e entÃo avaliadas na presenÃa do veneno total, Lys 49 e Asp 49 de B. erythromelas nas concentraÃÃes (100; 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 e 3,125mg/mL). A anÃlise dos efeitos citotÃxicos em cÃlulas MDCK foi executada pelo mÃtodo MTT. O veneno promoveu efeito citotÃxico nas concentraÃÃes de 50 e 100mg/mL (IC50 =93,31mg/mL). Lys 49 promoveu efeito citotÃxico nas concentraÃÃes de 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50 e 100mg/mL (IC50 = 38,29mg/mL). Asp 49 promoveu efeito citotÃxico nas concentraÃÃes de 50 e 100mg/mL (IC50 = 158mg/mL). TambÃm foram mensurados os nÃveis de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e nenhum aumento significante foi observado com veneno total e Asp 49. Lys 49 promoveu um aumento significante nos nÃveis de lactato desidrogenase apenas na concentraÃÃo de 100mg/mL. ApÃs o cultivo de cÃlulas MDCK com o veneno total, nas concentraÃÃes de 46,65 e 23,32mg/mL, foi realizada a reaÃÃo de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real para a avaliaÃÃo da expressÃo de genes prà (Caspase-3, Caspase-8 e Bax) e antiapoptÃticos (Bcl-XL e Mcl-1). NÃo foi realizada avaliaÃÃo da expressÃo de genes prà e antiapoptÃticos com Lys 49 e Asp 49. Na expressÃo de genes prÃ-apoptÃticos o veneno total promoveu um aumento da expressÃo de caspase-3 na concentraÃÃo de 23,32Âg/mL e de caspase-8 nas concentraÃÃes de 46,65 e 23,32Âg/mL, quando comparado com os controles positivo (DOXO) e negativo (PBS) e diminuiu a expressÃo de Bax em ambas as concentraÃÃes. Na expressÃo de genes antiapoptÃticos o veneno total promoveu induÃÃo significativa de Mcl-1 somente na concentraÃÃo de 46,65mg/mL e nÃo modificou a expressÃo de Bcl-XL, quando comparado com o controle negativo. O veneno e as fraÃÃes PLA2 Lys 49 e Asp 49 da serpente Bothropoides erythromelas à capaz de promover significativos efeitos sobre os parÃmetros de funÃÃo renal e sobre cÃlulas MDCK, com indicativo de morte celular por apoptose atravÃs da via extrÃnseca. / Bothropoides erythromelas is responsible for a great deal of snakebites in Northeastern from Brazil. The venom of this snake induces acute renal failure. Isolated kidneys from Wistar rats, weighting 250 to 300g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6g% of bovine serum albumin for 120 min. The whole venom of Bothropoides erythromelas been previously studied (SOUSA, 2004) and used in this study for comparison with the treated groups with the PLA2 fractions Lys 49 and Asp 49 of the venom. The whole venom (10mg/mL) and the fractions PLA2 Lys 49 and Asp 49 of B. erythromelas (5mg/mL) were added into the system 30 min after the beginning of each experiment. The parameters studied included perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow (UF), percent sodium, potassium and chloride tubular transport (%TNa+, %TK+ and %TCl-), percent sodium, potassium and chloride proximal transport (%pTNa+, %pTK+ and %pTCl-), sodium, potassium and chloride excretion (ENa+, EK+ e ECl-) and osmotic clearance (Cosm) (p< 0.05*). The control group perfused with albumin was functionally stable for over 120 min. The infusion of venom caused a significant increase in UF, ENa+, ECl- and Cosm and a decreased in PP, RVR, %TNa+, %TK+, %TCl-, %pTNa+, %pTK+ and %pTCl-. The GFR and the EK+ decreased at 60 min and increased at 90 and 120 min when compared with control group. The infusion of Lys 49 caused a significant increase in PP, UF, ENa+, EK+ and Cosm and decreased the GFR and the %TNa+ when compared with control group. Lys49 did not modify the others functional kidney parameters. The infusion of Asp 49 only modify the functional kidney parameters %pTK+ (decreased) and EK+ (increase) when compared with control group. Lys 49 showed a similar effect at whole venom in parameters UF, %TNa+, ENa+, EK+ and Cosm and Asp 49 in parameters %pTK+ and EK+. The histological analysis showed a mild amount of a proteinaceous substance in the renal tubules and glomeruli of kidneys perfused with the venom, Lys 49 and Asp 49, as well as focal areas of apoptosis/necrosis in perfused kidneys with Lys 49 e Asp 49. MDCK cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% vv fetal bovine serum and then assessed in the presence of the whole venom, Lys 49 and Asp 49 of B. erythromelas in the concentrations (100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 and 3.125mg/mL). The analysis of cytotoxic effects on MDCK cells was performed by MTT method. The venom promoted cytotoxic effect in the concentrations of 50 and 100mg/mL (IC50 =93.31mg/mL). Lys 49 promoted cytotoxic effect in the concentrations of 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100 mg/mL (IC50 = 38.29mg/mL). Asp 49 promoted cytotoxic effect in the concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/mL (IC50 = 158mg/mL). Also the levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and no significant increase was observed with whole venom and Asp 49. Lys 49 promoted a significant increase in the levels of LDH only in the concentration of 100mg/mL. After culture of MDCK cells with the whole venom, at concentrations of 46.65 and 23.32Âg/mL, was performed the real time polymerase chain reaction for evaluation of pro (Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Bax) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-XL and Mcl-1) genes expression. The evaluation of pro and antiapoptotic genes expression with Lys 49 e Asp 49 did not realized. In the expression of pro-apoptotic genes the whole venom caused increase of caspase-3 at concentration of 23.32Âg/mL and of caspase-8 at concentrations of 46.65 and 23.32Âg/mL, when compared with negative (PBS) and positive (DOXO) controls and decreased the expression of Bax in both concentrations. In the expression of anti-apoptotic genes the whole venom caused significant induction of Mcl-1 only at a concentration of 46.65Âg/mL and did not modify the expression of Bcl-XL, when compared with the negative control. The venom and the fractions PLA2 Lys 49 e Asp 49 of Bothropoides erythromelas is able to promote significant effects on renal function parameters and on MDCK cells, with indications of cell death by apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway.