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Predicting circulation and dispersion near coastal power plants : applications using models TEA and ELAJanuary 1987 (has links)
by E. Eric Adams and Douglas J. Cosler. / Includes bibliographical references. / Sponsored by Northeast Utilities Service Company and New England Power Company under M.I.T. Energy Laboratory Electric Utility Program.
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The effects of regulation on the performance of nuclear power in the United States and the Federal Republic of GermanyJanuary 1986 (has links)
by Seth David Hulkower. / Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 1986. / Series from publisher's list. / Includes bibliographical references. / Supported by the US Department of Energy, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Kraftwerk Union AG, and the Center for Energy Policy Research at MIT.
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Atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva de 4-((1-fenil-1h-pirazol-4-il) metil) piperazina-1-carboxilato: um novo derivado piperazínico / Antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activities of 4-[(1-fenil-1h-pirazol-4-il) methyl] piperazine-1-carboxiylic acid ester: a new piperazine derivateSilva, Daiany Priscilla Bueno da 25 February 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The piperazines derivatives are an important class of chemical compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-infectious activity, anti-carcinogenic, anti-nociceptive, anti-hypertensive, anxiolytic and vasorelaxant and are attractive candidates for development of new analgesics and anti-inflammatories drugs. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of piperazine compound LQFM-008 (4-[(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl]1-piperazine carboxylic acid ethyl ester) in acute tests of nociception and inflammation and characterize that the mechanisms are involved in the antinociceptive effect. For this study were used male mice weighing between 25 and 35g. In the formalin test, the treatments with LQFM-008 at doses of 48 and 96 μmol/kg (p.o.) reduced the licking time at both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of this test. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed, since LQFM-008 at doses of 48 and 96 μmol/kg (p.o.) reduced the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan at all hours of the test and LQFM-008 in pleurisy test at dose of 96 μmol/kg (p.o.) also reduced leukocyte migration and protein exudation. In the tail-flick and the hot plate tests, the treatment with LQFM-008 at doses of 48 and 96 μmol/kg (p.o.) increased the latency to thermal stimulus, suggesting the involvement of central mechanisms in the antinociceptive effect LQFM-008. The pre-treatment of animals with naloxone (7.5 μmol/kg s.c.) reversed the antinociceptive effect of LQFM-008 only in the first phase of the formalin test, however, the pre-treatment with NAN-190 (1.3 μmol/kg i.p.) and PCPA (500 μmol/kg i.p.) reversed the antinociceptive effect of LQFM-008 in both phases of the test. Thus, the piperazine derivative LQFM-008 exhibit antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in acute test and the antinociceptive effect is resulting from a central action with involvement of opioid receptors and the serotonin pathway. / Os derivados piperazínicos constituem uma importante classe de compostos químicos com largo espectro de atividades biológicas, tais como atividade anti-infecciosa, anti-cancerígena, antinociceptiva, anti-hipertensiva, vasorrelaxante e ansiolítica, tornando-se candidatos atrativos para desenvolvimento de novos fármacos analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do composto piperazínico LQFM-008 (4-((1-fenil-1H-pirazol-4-il) metil) piperazina-1-carboxilato) em testes agudos de nocicepção e inflamação, buscando caracterizar quais os mecanismos de ação estariam envolvidos no efeito antinociceptivo. Para este estudo foram utilizados camundongos machos, pesando entre 25 e 35g. No teste da formalina os tratamentos com LQFM-008 nas doses de 48 e 96 μmol/kg (v.o.) reduziram o tempo de reatividade à dor tanto na fase neurogênica quanto na fase inflamatória do teste. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi confirmada, uma vez que LQFM-008 nas doses de 48 e 96 μmol/kg (v.o.) reduziu a formação do edema de pata induzido por carragenina em todas as horas deste teste e no teste de pleurisia LQFM-008 na dose de 96 μmol/kg também reduziu a migração de leucócitos e a exsudação proteica. Nos testes de flexão de cauda e da placa quente, o tratamento com LQFM-008 48 e 96 μmol/kg (v.o.) aumentou a latência ao estímulo térmico, sugerindo o envolvimento de mecanismos centrais no efeito antinociceptivo de LQFM-008. O pré-tratamento dos animais com naloxona (7,5 μmol/kg s.c.) reverteu o efeito antinociceptivo de LQFM-008 apenas na primeira fase do teste da formalina, no entanto, os pré-tratamentos com NAN-190 (1,3 μmol/kg i.p.) e PCPA (500 μmol/kg i.p.) reverteram o efeito antinociceptivo de LQFM-008 em ambas as fases do teste. Assim o derivado piperazínico LQFM-008 apresenta atividade antinoceptiva e anti-inflamatória em testes agudos, sendo efeito antinociceptivo decorrente de uma ação central com envolvimento dos receptores opióides e da via serotoninérgica.
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Κάπνισμα, ψυχοκοινωνικοί παράγοντες, ψυχοπαθολογία και άλλες συναφείς καταστάσεις σε νέους με απόπειρα αυτοκτονίαςΜεντή, Αικατερίνη Χ. 18 December 2008 (has links)
Σκοπός: Έχει αναφερθεί προηγούμενα η ύπαρξη συννοσηρότητας της
αυτοκτονικής συμπεριφοράς με ποικίλους παράγοντες κινδύνου. Αυτή η
μελέτη ερευνά την ύπαρξη προεξαρχόντων παραγόντων κινδύνου σε νέους
με απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας που έχουν νοσηλευθεί και την επίδραση αυτών των
παραγόντων στον κίνδυνο για αυτοκτονία τόσο ανεξάρτητα όσο και σε
συνδυασμό μεταξύ τους. Εκτιμήθηκαν η ύπαρξη ψυχιατρικής διαταραχής, η
κατανάλωση καφέ και η λήψη αλκοόλ στους νέους με απόπειρα, η χρήση
καπνού στα άτομα με απόπειρα και τους γονείς τους, καθώς επίσης και οι
άλλες καταστάσεις που αποτελούν εστία κλινικής προσοχής και τα
ψυχοκοινωνικά και περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα των ασθενών με απόπειρα.
Μέθοδος: Εξετάστηκαν διαγνωστικά 76 άτομα που νοσηλεύονταν για
απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας ηλικίας 9-20 χρόνων, καθώς επίσης και 76 μάρτυρες
που ταίριαξαν στην ηλικία, με βάση τα κριτήρια του DSM-IV Axis I και ΙΙ και
έδωσαν συνέντευξη για την χρήση νόμιμων και παράνομων ουσιών. Επίσης,
χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 18 μάρτυρες με τις ίδιες ψυχιατρικές παθήσεις που
διεγνώσθησαν σ’ αυτούς με απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας, οι οποίοι εξετάστηκαν με
βάση τα κριτήρια του DSM-IV και έδωσαν συνέντευξη για την χρήση νόμιμων
και παράνομων ουσιών. Η στατιστική ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης/εξάρτησης
εφαρμόστηκε για να προσδιορίσει το ανεξάρτητο αποτέλεσμα των
παραγόντων κινδύνου πάνω στις απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας.
Αποτελέσματα: Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα των
παραγόντων κινδύνου στους ασθενείς με απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας, παρά στους
μάρτυρες. Συγκεκριμένα, υπήρξε 18 φορές μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα των
ψυχιατρικών παθήσεων στους ασθενείς με απόπειρα σε σχέση με τους
κοινοτικούς μάρτυρες, 14 φορές μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα των άλλων
καταστάσεων που αποτελούν εστία κλινικής προσοχής, ήταν 9.7 φορές πιο
συχνό το κάπνισμα ανάμεσα σ’ αυτούς με απόπειρα σε σχέση με τους
κοινοτικούς μάρτυρες και 4.7 φορές πιο συχνά τα ψυχοκοινωνικά και
περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα. Το αποτέλεσμα της στατιστικής ανάλυσης είναι
ότι οι προεξέχοντες παράγοντες κινδύνου, ως ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές,
συνδέονται με την εξαρτώμενη μεταβλητή που είναι η απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας με τρόπο ανεξάρτητο κι αυτή η ανεξάρτητη σύνδεση επιμένει και μετά την
προσαρμογή για το αποτέλεσμα άλλων παραγόντων.
Συμπέρασμα: Η μελέτη καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι η ψυχοπαθολογία, οι
ψυχοκοινωνικοί παράγοντες και το κάπνισμα είναι ανεξάρτητα συνδεδεμένοι
παράγοντες με αυξανόμενο κίνδυνο για σοβαρή απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας. / Background: Comorbidity of suicidal behavior with various risk factors has
been reported. This study examines the combined effect and the interactions
of the most prominent risk factors in hospitalized suicide attempters. The
existence of psychiatric disorder, coffee and alcohol consumption in suicide
attempters, cigarette smoking in suicide attempters and their parents, as well
as other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention and psychosocial
and environmental problems of the attempters were surveyed in this study.
Method: Seventy-six successive hospitalized suicide attempters and 76
matched controls, 9-20 year-old, were subjected to DSM-IV Axis I and II
diagnoses and were interviewed for the use of licit and illicit substances. Also,
18 controls with the same psychiatric disorders diagnosed in the attempters
were used. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the
independent effect of the risk factors to suicide attempts.
Results: The findings showed an 18-fold greater frequency of psychiatric
disorders, a 14-fold greater frequency of other conditions that may be a focus
of clinical attention (mainly relational problems), a 9.7-fold greater frequency
of smoking, and a 4.7-fold greater frequency of psychosocial and
environmental problems in the attempters than in the controls. The
independent association of these factors with increased suicide risk persisted
after adjusting for the effect of other factors.
Conclusions: Psychopathology, psychosocial factors and smoking are
independently associated with increased risk for serious suicide attempts.
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