Beethoven's complex manipulation of formal structures, especially his tendency to build important connections and transformative continuities between non-adjacent sections of musical works, may be seen to function as an attempt to control and sometimes to distort the listener's perception of both the narrative process of musical directionality, as well as the subjective interpretation of time itself. Temporal distortion often lies at the heart of Beethoven's complex contrapuntal language, demonstrated equally through the composer's often enigmatic disruption of phrase-periodic gestures, as well as by occasional instances of overtly incongruous temporal shifts. The "Krakow" collection of compositional sketches for Beethoven's String Quartet in E-Flat, Op. 127, provides a number of instances of "non-linear" or "multi-linear" musical continuity. The term "Krakow" sketches, when referenced in this dissertation, specifically designates the group of Beethoven manuscripts possessed by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Krakow, Poland, but which formerly were held by the Royal Library in Berlin. Structural voice-leading analyses are provided for selected portions of the "Krakow" collection; these analyses are then compared to voice-leading graphs and analytical reductions of the corresponding material from Beethoven's published versions of the same musical passages. In some cases the sketches supply almost complete texts, for which critical transcriptions are included as extended examples within the dissertation. The primary analytical technique applied to both compositional sketches as well as to complete musical texts derives from Heinrich Schenker's theory of structural voice-leading and graphical reduction. An important method of critical assessment, from which a number of theoretical arguments are developed, is the contention that Beethoven's contrapuntal language, at least in regard to the op. 127 String Quartet, relies heavily upon a temporal distortion of both form and phrase-periodic gestures, requiring the listener to actively re-construct the continuity of Beethoven's subjective formal archetypes.

陳建樑. / 論文(哲學博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 423-494. / Chen Jianliang. / Chapter 【第一章】 --- 緒言 --- p.1 / 附表一： 「《左氏傳》前八公之年數及字數統計表」 --- p.7 / 附表二 ： 「《左氏傳》後四公之年數及字數統計表」 --- p.8 / 附表三: 「《左氏傳》前八公及後四公公數年數及字數 比重表」 --- p.9 / 附表四： 「鄭玄著述先後表」 --- p.15 / Chapter 【第二章】 --- 綜論 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 緣起 --- p.28 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 「鄭服一家」之說 --- p.31 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 「鄭服有別」之說 --- p.43 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 鄭玄《左氏注》之成書問題 --- p.47 / Chapter 〔第五節〕 --- 張舜徽說之商榷 --- p.61 / Chapter 〔第六節〕 --- 鄭玄《左氏注》與前說《左氏》義 之關係問題 --- p.63 / Chapter 【第三章】 --- 上篇：《左傳》鄭服說比義表 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 同義表 --- p.87 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 異義表 --- p.107 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 別義表 --- p.135 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 三表簡析 --- p.137 / Chapter 【第四章】 --- 下篇：〈左傳〉鄭服說比義類例攷釋 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 字詁同義例 --- p.140 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 取義近同例 --- p.153 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 闡《詩》同義例 --- p.164 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 陰陽五行系統同說例 --- p.175 / Chapter 〔第五節〕 --- 禮制異說例 --- p.221 / Chapter 〔第六節〕 --- 「家法」互異例 --- p.265 / 附表一 ：「鄭服用冰時令對照表」 --- p.292 / 附表二 ：「鄭服用冰遣詞對照表」 --- p.293 / Chapter 〔第七節〕 --- 分野系統異說例 --- p.306 / 附表：「漢世吳越分野說表」 --- p.351 / 附圖一：「十二次十二辰二十八宿相配圖」 --- p.352 / 附圖二： 「五宮二十八宿十二次方位配合圖」 --- p.352 / 說明 --- p.353 / Chapter 〔第八節〕 --- 義同字異例一 --- p.356 / 義同字異例二 --- p.369 / Chapter 〔第九節〕 --- 闡釋重點互異例一 --- p.391 / 闡釋重點互異例二 --- p.400 / Chapter 【第五章】 --- 結論 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 學術界硏治本題之缺失與不足 --- p.410 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 本文之學術取向與作意 --- p.414 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 「類例攷釋」硏究成果 --- p.417 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 本題與學術史之關係簡論 --- p.420 / 引用及參攷書籍目錄舉要 --- p.423 / 引用及參攷論文目錄舉要 --- p.468

Este estudo avaliou a influência da fototerapia a laser (FTL) na proliferação e diferenciação de células-tronco da polpa dentária humana (DPSCs; do inglês, Dental Pulp Stem Cells ) encapsuladas em carreador injetável e termoresponsivo (PL; Pluronic® F-127, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, EUA) com incorporação de proteína morfogenética óssea 4 recombinante humana (rhBMP4) (sistema PL/rhBMP4). O biomaterial foi caracterizado de acordo com seus perfis de embebição e dissolução, liberação de rhBMP4 e sua estrutura morfológica. DPSCs foram isoladas, caracterizadas e encapsuladas em PL para confirmar sua viabilidade e seu potencial de diferenciação (adipo e osteogênico) em comparação com células-tronco mesenquimais de medula óssea (BMMSCs; do inglês, Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells). Quando encapsuladas no sistema PL/rhBMP4, DPSCs foram irradiadas com duas densidades de energia diferentes utilizando laser de diodo de fosfeto de índio-gálio-alumínio (InGaAlP), modos contínuo, pontual e em contato [660 nm, 0,028 cm2, 20 mW, 0,71 W/cm2, 3 J/cm2 (4 s) ou 5 J/cm2 (7 s)]. Os ensaios de PKH26 (do inglês, Red Fluorescent Cell Linker), CFU-F (do inglês, Coloning Forming Units - Fibroblastic), e MTT (do inglês, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide)) foram utilizados para avaliar adesão/proliferação, diferenças na capacidade formadora de colônias e viabilidade das DPSCs (neste último caso sob estresse nutricional), respectivamente. Finalmente, a diferenciação odonto/osteogênica foi analisada por qRT-PCR e confirmada por ensaio de vermelho de alizarina. O biomaterial embebeu e dissolveu rapidamente; densa rede tubular e reticular com poros interconectados foi observada. DPSCs e BMMSCs apresentaram alta viabilidade celular quando encapsuladas em PL. Ambas as linhagens celulares tiveram êxito em se diferenciar em tecidos adiposo e ósseo. De acordo com o PKH26, DPSCs puderam aderir e proliferar no sistema PL/rhBMP4. DPSCs irradiadas encapsuladas tanto em PL como em PL/rhBMP4 formaram mais CFU-F que os controles não irradiados. Sob estresse nutricional, DPSCs semeadas no PL e irradiadas com 5 J/cm2 exibiram maior taxa de viabilidade celular em relação aos grupos não irradiados e irradiados com 3 J/cm2. Na presença de rhBMP4, os grupos irradiados tanto com 3 J/cm2 quanto com 5 J/cm2 apresentaram deposição mineral precoce quando comparados aos grupos não irradiados. Ainda, após 21 dias de diferenciação odonto/osteogênica, DPSCs irradiadas produziram maior quantidade de nódulos mineralizados. A irradiação com 5 J/cm2 levou ao aumento significativo da expressão de genes envolvidos na diferenciação odonto/osteogênica, como colágeno tipo I (COL1A1), osteocalcina (OCN), proteína da matriz dentinária 1 (DMP1), sialofosfoproteina dentinária (DSPP) e proteína heat shock 27 kDa (HSPB1). A associação entre rhBMP4 e FTL promove proliferação e diferenciação odonto/osteogênica de DPSCs acelerando e aumentando notavelmente a formação de tecido mineralizado, em especial quando a densidade de energia de 5 J/cm2 é aplicada. / This study evaluated the influence of laser phototherapy (LPT) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) proliferation and differentiation upon encapsulation in an injectable and thermo-responsive cell carrier (PL; Pluronic® F-127, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) loaded with human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 4 (rhBMP4)(PL/rhBMP4 system). The biomaterial was characterized according to its swelling and dissolution profiles, release of rhBMP4 and morphological structure. DPSCs were isolated, characterized and encapsulated in PL to confirm their viability and multilineage differentiation potential (adipo and osteogenic) in comparison to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). When encapsulated in the PL/rhBMP4 system, DPSCs were irradiated with two different energy densities using a continuous-wave indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser [660 nm, 0.028 cm2, 20 mW, 0.71 W/cm2, 3 J/cm2 (4 s) or 5 J/cm2 (7 s)] in punctual and contact modes. The PKH26 (Red Fluorescent Cell Linker), the CFU-F (Coloning Forming Units - Fibroblastic), and the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assays were used to assess differences in cell adhesion/proliferation, colony forming units formation ability, and cell viability of DPSCs (in this case under nutritional stress), respectively. Then, alizarin red and qRT-PCR analyzes were used to evaluate odonto/osteogenic differentiation. The biomaterial swelled and dissolved rapidly; dense tubular and reticular network morphology with well-interconnected pores was observed. DPSCs and BMMSCs presented high cell viability when encapsulated in PL. Both cell lineages successfully differentiated into bone or adipose tissues. According to PKH26, DPSCs were able to adhere and proliferate in the PL/rhBMP4 system. Irradiated DPSCs encapsulated in either PL or PL/rhBMP4 system formed more CFU-F than non-irradiated controls. Under nutritional stress, DPSCs encapsulated in the hydrogels with no rhBMP4 and irradiated at 5 J/cm2 exhibited higher cell viability than the other groups. In the presence of rhBMP4, the groups irradiated both at 3 and 5 J/cm2 energy densities displayed earlier mineral deposition than the non-irradiated groups. Moreover, after 21 days of odonto/osteogenic differentiation, irradiated DPSCs produced greater nodule formation than the control groups. At the energy density of 5 J/cm2, there were significant upregulation of genes involved in odonto/osteoblast differentiation, such as type I collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and heat shock protein 27 kDa (HSPB1). The association between rhBMP4 and LPT promotes cell proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs accelerating and increasing the formation of mineralized tissue, in particular when the energy density of 5 J/cm2 is applied.

En brand i en gruva skiljer sig åt jämfört med en brand i en byggnad. Vid brand i en undermarksanläggning uppstår ett omedelbart hot mot de människor som vistas där. Vid en gruvbrand påverkar faktorer såsom sikt, obefintligt dagsljusinsläpp och begränsade utrymningsmöjligheter. Händelserna vid en brand kan också orsaka kostsamma driftstopp i gruvproduktionen. Det finns även en tydlig skillnad i problematik vid räddningsinsatser. Vid en gruvbrand måste räddningstjänsten exempelvis beakta långa inträngningsvägar, begränsade ventilationsmöjligheter, risken för ras och osäker brandvattenförsörjning. Under de senaste tio åren har det inträffat i snitt 70 bränder per år i svenska gruvor, varav cirka hälften varit fordonsrelaterade. Idag installeras därför släcksystem i gruvfordon i syfte att försöka minimera den typen av bränder.   För att kartlägga användandet och erfarenheterna av fordonssläcksystem samt undersöka vilka framtida behov som finns gällande gruvfordons släcksystem och regelverken inom ämnesområdet genomfördes denna förstudie i samråd med RISE.   Förstudien baseras på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som valts ut utifrån deras kunskap inom bränder i underjordsgruvor och släcksystem. Även statistik från Gruvindustrins arbetsmiljökommitté gällande bränder i gruvfordon sammanställdes och studerades.   I intervjustudien framgår det att effektiviteten på dagens släcksystem är montörsberoende och att det finns anledning till att konkretisera regelverken och specificera hur släcksystemen bör optimeras. Studien pekar på att effektiviteten hos släcksystem bland annat påverkas av luftflöden, mekanisk påverkan och bristfällig skötsel av systemen. Flera respondenter poängterar även att mängden släckmedelsvätska som används i dagens system måste verifieras gentemot respektive gruvfordons riskprofil. Det finns också en tydlig problematik i verkställandet och noggrannheten av kontroll och underhåll av släcksystemen och respondenterna är eniga om att en förbättring är nödvändig.   Studien visar att ett av de regelverk som tillämpas för släcksystem på fordon i gruvor i Sverige, SBF 127:16, inte beaktar problematiken med bränder i undermarksanläggningar. Det framgår även att de provningarna som genomförs på släcksystem delvis är baserade på information ifrån tidigt 90-tal. Vid verkställande av framtida regelverk bör större hänsyn tas till gruvindustrins specifika behov. År 2018 finns det även en osäkerhet kring fordonssläcksystemens prestanda. Gruvindustrin önskar släcksystem med tillhörande regelverk som är optimerade efter deras behov gällande fordon och miljö.

Este estudo avaliou a influência da fototerapia a laser (FTL) na proliferação e diferenciação de células-tronco da polpa dentária humana (DPSCs; do inglês, Dental Pulp Stem Cells ) encapsuladas em carreador injetável e termoresponsivo (PL; Pluronic® F-127, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, EUA) com incorporação de proteína morfogenética óssea 4 recombinante humana (rhBMP4) (sistema PL/rhBMP4). O biomaterial foi caracterizado de acordo com seus perfis de embebição e dissolução, liberação de rhBMP4 e sua estrutura morfológica. DPSCs foram isoladas, caracterizadas e encapsuladas em PL para confirmar sua viabilidade e seu potencial de diferenciação (adipo e osteogênico) em comparação com células-tronco mesenquimais de medula óssea (BMMSCs; do inglês, Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells). Quando encapsuladas no sistema PL/rhBMP4, DPSCs foram irradiadas com duas densidades de energia diferentes utilizando laser de diodo de fosfeto de índio-gálio-alumínio (InGaAlP), modos contínuo, pontual e em contato [660 nm, 0,028 cm2, 20 mW, 0,71 W/cm2, 3 J/cm2 (4 s) ou 5 J/cm2 (7 s)]. Os ensaios de PKH26 (do inglês, Red Fluorescent Cell Linker), CFU-F (do inglês, Coloning Forming Units - Fibroblastic), e MTT (do inglês, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide)) foram utilizados para avaliar adesão/proliferação, diferenças na capacidade formadora de colônias e viabilidade das DPSCs (neste último caso sob estresse nutricional), respectivamente. Finalmente, a diferenciação odonto/osteogênica foi analisada por qRT-PCR e confirmada por ensaio de vermelho de alizarina. O biomaterial embebeu e dissolveu rapidamente; densa rede tubular e reticular com poros interconectados foi observada. DPSCs e BMMSCs apresentaram alta viabilidade celular quando encapsuladas em PL. Ambas as linhagens celulares tiveram êxito em se diferenciar em tecidos adiposo e ósseo. De acordo com o PKH26, DPSCs puderam aderir e proliferar no sistema PL/rhBMP4. DPSCs irradiadas encapsuladas tanto em PL como em PL/rhBMP4 formaram mais CFU-F que os controles não irradiados. Sob estresse nutricional, DPSCs semeadas no PL e irradiadas com 5 J/cm2 exibiram maior taxa de viabilidade celular em relação aos grupos não irradiados e irradiados com 3 J/cm2. Na presença de rhBMP4, os grupos irradiados tanto com 3 J/cm2 quanto com 5 J/cm2 apresentaram deposição mineral precoce quando comparados aos grupos não irradiados. Ainda, após 21 dias de diferenciação odonto/osteogênica, DPSCs irradiadas produziram maior quantidade de nódulos mineralizados. A irradiação com 5 J/cm2 levou ao aumento significativo da expressão de genes envolvidos na diferenciação odonto/osteogênica, como colágeno tipo I (COL1A1), osteocalcina (OCN), proteína da matriz dentinária 1 (DMP1), sialofosfoproteina dentinária (DSPP) e proteína heat shock 27 kDa (HSPB1). A associação entre rhBMP4 e FTL promove proliferação e diferenciação odonto/osteogênica de DPSCs acelerando e aumentando notavelmente a formação de tecido mineralizado, em especial quando a densidade de energia de 5 J/cm2 é aplicada. / This study evaluated the influence of laser phototherapy (LPT) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) proliferation and differentiation upon encapsulation in an injectable and thermo-responsive cell carrier (PL; Pluronic® F-127, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) loaded with human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 4 (rhBMP4)(PL/rhBMP4 system). The biomaterial was characterized according to its swelling and dissolution profiles, release of rhBMP4 and morphological structure. DPSCs were isolated, characterized and encapsulated in PL to confirm their viability and multilineage differentiation potential (adipo and osteogenic) in comparison to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). When encapsulated in the PL/rhBMP4 system, DPSCs were irradiated with two different energy densities using a continuous-wave indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser [660 nm, 0.028 cm2, 20 mW, 0.71 W/cm2, 3 J/cm2 (4 s) or 5 J/cm2 (7 s)] in punctual and contact modes. The PKH26 (Red Fluorescent Cell Linker), the CFU-F (Coloning Forming Units - Fibroblastic), and the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assays were used to assess differences in cell adhesion/proliferation, colony forming units formation ability, and cell viability of DPSCs (in this case under nutritional stress), respectively. Then, alizarin red and qRT-PCR analyzes were used to evaluate odonto/osteogenic differentiation. The biomaterial swelled and dissolved rapidly; dense tubular and reticular network morphology with well-interconnected pores was observed. DPSCs and BMMSCs presented high cell viability when encapsulated in PL. Both cell lineages successfully differentiated into bone or adipose tissues. According to PKH26, DPSCs were able to adhere and proliferate in the PL/rhBMP4 system. Irradiated DPSCs encapsulated in either PL or PL/rhBMP4 system formed more CFU-F than non-irradiated controls. Under nutritional stress, DPSCs encapsulated in the hydrogels with no rhBMP4 and irradiated at 5 J/cm2 exhibited higher cell viability than the other groups. In the presence of rhBMP4, the groups irradiated both at 3 and 5 J/cm2 energy densities displayed earlier mineral deposition than the non-irradiated groups. Moreover, after 21 days of odonto/osteogenic differentiation, irradiated DPSCs produced greater nodule formation than the control groups. At the energy density of 5 J/cm2, there were significant upregulation of genes involved in odonto/osteoblast differentiation, such as type I collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and heat shock protein 27 kDa (HSPB1). The association between rhBMP4 and LPT promotes cell proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs accelerating and increasing the formation of mineralized tissue, in particular when the energy density of 5 J/cm2 is applied.

No description available.

Inkjet printing (jetting) technology, due to its high speed of operation and accuracy, is utilised in Additive Manufacturing (AM) of three dimensional parts. Commercially available AM processes that use jetting technology include three dimensional printing (3DP by Z-Corporation), Polyjet (by Objet), Multi Jet Modelling (MJM by 3D Systems) and three dimensional printing by Solidscape. Apart from 3D Printing by Z-corporation, all the other jetting based processes require a support material to successfully build a part. The support material provides a base to facilitate the removal of the part from the build platform and it helps manufacturing of cavities, holes and overhanging features. These support materials present challenges in terms of their removability and reusability. This research is therefore, aimed towards finding a support material composition that can be used with jetting based AM processes. The support material should be easily removable either by melting or by dissolution and also, if possible, it should be reusable. AM processes often process materials with poor mechanical properties and therefore, the parts produced by these processes have limited functionality. In an attempt to obtain complex shaped, functional parts made of nylon (i.e. Polyamide 6), a new jetting based AM process is under research at Loughborough University. The process uses two different mixtures of caprolactam (i.e. the monomer used to produce polyamide). These mixtures are to be jetted using inkjet heads and subsequently polymerised into polyamide 6. Therefore, another aim of this research was to consider the support material s suitability for jetting of caprolactam. Two different polymers were researched which included Pluronic F-127 and methylcellulose (MC). Both these polymers are known for gel formation upon heating in aqueous solutions. Due to the inhibition of polymerisation of polyamide 6 by the presence of water, non-aqueous solvents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol were studied. Since both F-127 and MC in the glycols mentioned above had not been studied before, all the compositions prepared and investigated in this report were novel. F-127 did not show gel formation in propylene and butylene glycol but formed a gel in ethylene glycol at a concentration of 25% (w/w) F-127. MC, on the other hand, showed gel formation upon cooling in all the three glycols at concentrations as low as 5% for ethylene glycol and 1% for both propylene and butylene glycol. These compositions were characterized using experimental techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hot stage microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A mechanism of gelation for both F-127 and MC in glycols is presented based on the results of these characterisation techniques. Viscosity and surface tension measurements along with the texture analysis of selected compositions were also performed to evaluate their suitability for jetting. All these compositions, due to their water solubility and/or low melting temperatures (i.e. near 500C) present the advantage of ease of removal. Removal by melting at low temperatures can also provide reusability of these support materials and thus advantages such as reduction in build cost and environmental effect can be achieved.

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2001.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Um estudo do decaimento β- do 127Te, via espectroscopia gama, foi realizado utilizando um detector de HPGe de alta resolução. As medidas foram realizadas na região de energia de 30 keV a 1,0 MeV, com o objetivo de obter uma melhor compreensão de sua estrutura nuclear. As fontes radioativas de 127Te foram obtidas a partir da reação nuclear 126Te(n,γ)127Te, produzidas no reator IEA-R1 do IPEN/CNEN-SP. Cinco transições anteriormente atribuídas a este decaimento foram confirmadas com melhor precisão. Foi realizada também a medida da meia-vida do 127Te com incerteza significativamente menor. Utilizando um conjunto dos dados experimentais, selecionados da medida de espectroscopia gama, foi elaborada e aplicada uma proposta didática para alunos do Ensino Médio utilizando o programa Excel. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP