Susan A. Hall, Alexander H. Levis. / "June 1983" / Bibliography: p. 23-24. / "Grant AFOSR-80-0029"

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Th. : lett. : München. / Bibliogr.: p.441-487. Index.

1 Abstract In this work I deal with farmyards 13th-15th century, which formed an integral part of the medieval landscape. The main attention is paid to settlement-historical context and economic potential. Attention was also focused on the methods used, archaeological surveys and surface exploration. Nobility farmyards are divided into several types, according to the economic strategy and in material form. Their form depended on the owner, the monasteries were built large courtyards and nobility smaller. The main purpose of these farmyards was to provide the economic base of the nobility. There are also farmyards that served to financial income. The most common owners were a nobility and church institutions. Mostly they were situated to rural settlemet, where they were always dominant feature. Because this is not very frequent theme in Czech archeology, the aim of this work was also to summarize current knowledge. Given the breadth of the topic, I tried to include as much information, on the other hand, I had to approach selected topics in general. Work should, however, include the most important knowledge on this topic.

Vacuum polarization by electric fields is a well established fact. Assuming that anti-matter has negative gravitational properties, the fluctating electric dipoles from the quantum vacuum may also have gravitational dipolar properties. A model is developed that describes how electric fields could gravitationally polarize the vacuum causing gravitational screening or anti-screening effects. This leads to a violation of the Weak Equivalence Principle or a general mass change most notabily for elementary particles, such as the electron or positron, below but close to measured boundaries. Also a gravitational vacuum torque is predicted to act on a charged capacitor perpendicular to a gravitational field. The predictions could be verified by future laboratory experiments that could contribute on our understanding of the gravitational properties of anti-matter.

Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war, den Standort des 1 300 A.D. vom iranischen Festland auf die vorgelagerte Insel Jarun (später Hormoz) verlegten Seefernhandelszentrums von Alt-Hormoz zu belegen. Dieses Ziel sollte über einen interdisziplinären Ansatz mit Hilfe von kulturgeographischen, siedlungsarchäologischen, historischen und geowissenschaftlichen Methoden erreicht werden. Bisherige archäologische und geographische Studien kamen zu sehr unterschiedlichen Standortangaben. Aus diesen Gründen wurde das Untersuchungsgebiet an der hochariden Schlickwattküste der heutigen Straße von Hormoz auf eine ca. 10 Quadratkilometer große Fläche ausgedehnt. Der Name Seefernhandelszentrum von Alt-Hormoz steht für das 1300 AD verlassene, festländische Fernhandelszentrum. Der Name Neu-Hormoz steht für das ab 1300 AD auf der Insel Jarun gelegene Seefernhandelszentrum. Auf der Insel Jarun gibt es kaum Vegetation und so gut wie keine Trinkwasserquellen. Man kann hier von einer für Mensch und Tier äußerst lebensfeindlichen Umwelt sprechen. Die zeitliche und funktionale Zuordnung der im Rahmen der Feldarbeiten im Gebiet des ehemaligen Seefernhandelszentruns von Alt-Hormoz lokalisierten Fundorte basiert auf voneinander unabhängigen Auswertungen verschiedener Oberflächen- oder Kleinlesefund-gruppen (qualitativer Ansatz). Eine zentrale Stellung nahmen dabei fernöstliche Keramiktypen ein. Es wurde aber auch islamische Keramik mit in die Auswertung ein bezogen. Um die über die fernöstliche und die islamische Keramik gewonnenen Erkenntnisse abzusichern wurden auch chinesische Münzen datiert.. Da Alt-Hormoz im 13. Jahrhundert eine Münzstätte war ließen sich zahllose islamische Münzen nachweisen, wovon ein Teil datierbar war und in erster Linie der Münzstätte Alt-Hormoz zugeordnet werden konnte. Diese materiellen Überreste aus der 1300 AD verlassenen Hafenstadt Alt-Hormoz unterscheiden sich signifikant von denen, wie sie am Standort des Seefernhandelszentrums von Neu-Hormoz (Insel Jarun) aus dem 14. und 15. Jahrhundert bekannt sind. Die Qualität und die Quantität der am Fundort Kalatun (Alt-Hormoz) an der Oberfläche nachgewiesenen Baumaterialien lassen überhaupt keinen Zweifel daran, dass es sich hier um die architektonischen Überreste einer historischen Hafenstadt handelt, deren Bewohner am einträglichen, internationalen Seefernhandelsgeschäft partizipierten. / The intention of this research has been to verify the displacement of the longdistance seatrade centre of Old-Hormoz from continental Iran to the island Jarun (later called Hormoz) in 1300 A.D. This intention should be reached with an interdisciplinary proceeding including geographical, archeological and geoscientifical methods. Hitherto existing archeological and geographical studies lead to very different results about the location of the centre. Because of this reason the area of interest at the arid coastal-zone near the present Strait of Hormoz has been enlarged to a territory of about 10 square kilometers. The expression longdistance Seatradecenter of Old-Hormoz relates to the continental Long-distance Tradecenter which was left in 1300 A.D. The expression New-Hormoz is related to the longdistance seatradecentre which was new established in 1300 A.D. on the island of Jarun. On this island there is no vegetation and there are nearly no sources of drinking-water. One could talk about an environment with an extreme hostility against lives of human beings and animals. The temporal and functional attachment of the archiological sites located during the field study is based on independent analysis of different surface finding-groups (qualitative proceeding). Far Eastern Ceramic-Types have been positioned in centre. But the interpretation also includes Islamic Ceramic. To be on the safe side the investigated determinations from the Far Eastern and the Islamic Ceramic also Chinese coins have been dated. Because Old-Hormoz was a mint, countless Islamic coins have been proofed. Some of them have been datable. Most of them have been attached to the mint of Old-Hormoz. These archaeological remains from the site of the harbour city of Old-Hormoz, which has been abandoned in 1300 AD, do distinguish significant from those, which are well known from the site of New-Hormoz (Island of Jarun). There is no doubt, that the quality and quantity of the archiological surface findings of building material from the site of Kalatun (Old-Hormoz) are the remains of a large mediaeval seatrade centre of the thirteenth century A.D.. The inhabitants of these type of towns did participate a lot of the profitable international longdistance seatrade.

Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry and its relation to depression / Die frontale EEG Alphaasymmetrie und Beziehungen zu Depression/Depressivität

Visual attention can be voluntarily focused on a location or automatically attracted by salient features in a visual scene. Studies using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) suggest two networks of visual attention involved in these complementary mechanisms: a dorsal frontoparietal network and a ventral frontoparietal network of visuospatial attention respectively. However, most studies so far have applied non‐natural schematic stimuli. The present study investigates visual attention in images of natural environmental scenes. Adopting previously used eye‐tracker paradigms, we study the influence of task instruction and luminance contrast modifications in pictures on both eye movements and neural activity using Eye‐Tracking and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging simultaneously. We expect increased top‐down control of attention in a search task compared to a free viewing condition visible in enhanced neural activation in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as part of the dorsal frontoparietal network. Strong modifications of luminance contrast should foster bottom‐up processing activating the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) a crucial area in the ventral frontoparietal network of visual attention. Although the obtained eye‐tracking data shows the expected shift of fixations towards locations of increased luminance contrast, we do not find an influence of luminance contrast modifications on neural processing. Comparison of instructions reveals diverse results across participants possibly due to the long presentation duration of stimuli which allowed participant’s attention to wander independently of task instruction. We find bilateral activation in IPS and parahippocampal place area (PPA) as well as bilateral deactivation in the TPJ region independent of task context. This might indicate similar contributions of these areas to free viewing of and search in visual scenes. However, dissociation of target detection and attention during search by deconvolution analysis of data obtained in this study might reveal a more detailed picture of functional involvement of the IPS and TPJ region in processes of visual attention. Remarkably, results show robust activation of the PPA in both tasks, suggesting that the PPA region might not only be activated by houses and open scenes but by narrow scenes (bushes, leaves) of natural outdoor environment as well.