Trayless dining is a new form of sustainability that has been said to be socially, environmentally, and economically beneficial. Some individuals further claim it has health benefits and encourages students to consume less food. The main objective of our study was to examine the relationship between a trayless dining system and weight maintenance of freshmen college students at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC). A survey instrument was developed for this study and consisted of four sections: section 1) eating habits; section 2) external and internal eating cues; section 3) physical activity; section 4) demographics. Data collection included a convenience sample of students who utilized Trueblood and Lentz campus dining hall facilities at SIUC twice during the 2008-2009 academic year. A total of 621 surveys were collected in the fall semester of 2008 from students eating at the SIUC Dining Halls. Freshmen responses were exclusively examined due to the research interest, therefore, 355 freshmen surveys were used. A second survey was distributed in the spring semester of 2009. Of the 355 freshmen who filled out the initial survey, 34 freshmen completed the follow-up survey. Participants were predominantly Caucasian or Black, eighteen years of age, and lived on campus. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent effect of trayless dining on weight change. Our study did not find a significant predictor at the p <.05 level between those who reported consuming more or less food in a trayless dining setting and weight change. Therefore, weight change was not significantly affected by trayless dining. An overall mean weight change of 2.79 pounds was observed in this study, showing similar results to other freshmen weight change studies conducted previously (Mihalopoulos et al., 2008; Hoffman et al., 2006; Kasparek, et al., 2008; Levitsky, et al., 2005). Since trayless dining is a new concept, there is little information available and no previous research to link it to weight change. Trayless dining may be one factor of many to consider when addressing college freshmen weight gain. Other factors such as physical activity, stress, health-related behaviors, and snacking habits should also be addressed for a more comprehensive assessment. Continued efforts to guide students into healthy lifestyles should be a focus for health professionals.

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Orientador: Maria Terezinha Serrão Peraçoli / Banca: Ângela Maria Victoriano de Campos Soares / Banca: Gil Benard / Resumo: A interleucina-15 (IL-15) é uma citocina pró-inflamatória produzida principalmente por monócitos e macrófagos em resposta a agentes infecciosos, desempenhando importante papel modulador na imunidade inata e adaptativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da IL-15 sobre a atividade fungicida, metabolismo oxidativo e a produção de citocinas por monócitos humanos, infectados in vitro com cepa virulenta de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18). Monócitos de sangue periférico, obtidos de indivíduos saudáveis, foram préincubados na ausência ou presença de IL-15 (12,5, 25 e 50 ng/mL) por 24 h a 37oC e infectados com Pb18 na proporção de 50 monócitos para uma célula fúngica durante 4 h e 18 h. A atividade fungicida de monócitos foi determinada após 4 h pela recuperação de fungos viáveis por plaqueamento das co-culturas em meio BHI-ágar. O metabolismo oxidativo foi avaliado pela liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e de ânion superóxido (O2 -) nas culturas desafiadas com Pb18 e estimuladas com phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) durante 60 mim. A produção de fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-a), IL-6, IL-10 e IL-15 foi determinada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) nos sobrenadantes das coculturas obtidos após 4 e 18 h de incubação. Os resultados mostraram que a préincubação de monócitos com IL-15 induziu aumento significativo na atividade fungicida contra Pb18 de maneira dose-dependente, sendo esse efeito neutralizado pela adição de anticorpo monoclonal anti-IL-15. O tratamento com IL- 15 não interferiu na capacidade de liberação de H2O2 e O2 - por monócitos desafiados com Pb18 sugerindo que a atividade fungicida estimulada por IL-15 ocorre por mecanismos independentes do metabolismo oxidativo. Monócitos infectados com o fungo, na ausência de IL-15, produziram níveis de TNF-a, IL-6 e IL-10... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine especially produced by monocytes and macrophages against infectious agents and that play a pivotal role in teh innatte and adaptive immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of IL-15 on fungicidal activity, oxidative metabolism and cytokine production by human monocytes challenged in vitro with a virulente strain of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18). Peripheral blood monocytes obtained from healthy individuals were pre-incubated for 24h with or without human recombinant IL-15 (12.5,25 and 50 ng/mL), and then challenged with Pb18 in a ratio of 50:1 monocytes:fungi. Fungicidal activity of monocytes against Pb18 was assessed by viable fungi recovery from 4 h co-cultures after plating in BHI-agar. Oxidative metabolism was evaluated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2 -) release in the monocyte cultures challenged by Pb18 and stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 60 min. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15 production by monocytes were determined in culture supernatants by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The results showed that IL-15 ehanced fungicidal activity against Pb18 in a dose-dependent pattern. This effect was abrogated by additon of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody to the co-cultures. No significant effect of IL-15 on H2O2 and O2 - release by monocytes was observed suggesting that the fungicidal activity was independent of oxidative metabolism activation. Monocytes infected with P. brasiliensis in the absence of IL-15, produced significantly higher levels of TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 after 18 h of coculture in comparison to experiments of 4h-incubation with the fungus. The pretreatment of monocytes with IL-15 induced significant higher levels of TNF-a, IL-10 and IL-15 production by these cells challenged with the fungus... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below) / Mestre

Skeletal muscle secretes many signalisation proteins named myokines. These myokines act as hormones and induce metabolic changes throughout the whole body to facilitate adaptation to physical exercise. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and appears to influence many metabolic parameters that are defective in metabolic pathologies such as insulin resistance. For instance, IL-15 increases glucose uptake in muscle and whole-body fatty acid oxidation and its overexpression in skeletal muscle in mice generates a very lean and active phenotype. However, there are discordant reports throughout scientific literature. The aim of the current study was to 1) characterize the metabolic effects of IL-15 in L6 myotubes to determine whether L6 is a good model to study IL-15 and 2) to determine whether IL-15 activates the AMPK signaling. L6 myotubes were exposed to different concentrations of IL-15 and different metabolic parameters were assayed namely; oxygen consumption, glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes protein expression, troponin T expression and Akt, AMPK and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation state. Acute IL-15 treatment increased glucose uptake without activating insulin signaling pathway or GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, acute IL-15 treatment increased resting oxygen consumption rate (OCR) while chronic IL-15 treatment also increased mitochondrial spare capacity, suggesting an increased mitochondrial biogenesis. IL-15 induced ACC phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner and tended to increase AMPK phosphorylation but it did not reach statistical significance. Lastly, IL-15 did not influence troponin T state. Altogether, the present study demonstrates that L6 myotubes do not express all the pro-oxidative qualities of IL-15 reported by scientific literature. Nonetheless, IL-15 induces certain pro-oxidative metabolic effect that could help people living with obesity and diabetes.

Demos una mirada a la NIIF 15, y sus efectos tributarios, diferencias y similitudes.

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Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to altered splicing mechanisms (Mills et al., 2012). Fronto temporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) is one such disease that stems from the differential splicing caused due to mutations in Microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene (Esther et al., 2002). This PhD thesis focuses on developing RNA-based therapeutic approaches to address FTDP-17. CHAPTER 1 introduces a broad range of topics such as splicing mechanism, neurodegenerative diseases associated with splice defects, therapeutic tools to modulate such splice defects in the context of neurogenetic diseases and possible applications of available tools for FTDP-17. CHAPTER 2 explores an exon skipping strategy to modulate splice defects in the context of FTD-17 using small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). CHAPTER 3 is based on a short interfering RNA (siRNA) approach to modulate post-transcriptional gene silencing of specific isoform associated to FTDP-17. CHAPTER 4 employs long non coding RNA (lncRNA) to mediate post transcriptional repression of tau protein associated to FTDP-17 and deciphers its auxiliary role in splicing of exon 10 CHAPTER 5 elaborates on the future perspectives of all the above mentioned approaches to find a cure for FTDP-17.

O trabalho diz respeito à burocracia régia e aos seus oficiais no ano de 1476. É constituído por dois volumes, o primeiro (texto) inclui 6 capítulos que abordam o tema acima referido. O 2º volume é respeitante a Catálogos Prosopográficos de oficiais redactores e oficiais que exerceram a sua actividade em 1476, presentes nos dispositivos ? dos documentos analisados.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia. / No se sabe a ciencia cierta desde cuando los judíos habitan la península Ibérica. Se ha dicho que arribaron de Oriente con los fenicios, otros han dicho que llegaron huyendo de la tiranía de Nabucodonosor (587 a. C), mientras algunos sostienen que fue tras la destrucción del Templo de Jerusalén por Tito en el siglo I de nuestra era. Divagaciones históricas que, por el momento, no deben detenernos. Lo que sí nos debe importar es que para las comunidades expulsadas de España (Sefarad) en 1492, Sefarad estaba en lo más hondo del corazón. Era, ciertamente era un asentamiento diaspórico, pero al dejarla atrás, los judíos españoles hablaron de ella como la diáspora sefardita. Fueron casi quince siglos de raíces, cultura, religión, vida y convivencia, por momentos persecutoria, por momentos pacífica, que vivieron los judíos bajo dominio románico, visigodo, del califato cordobés, de los reinos de Taifas, y finalmente cristiano. A pesar de tener la vista y la añoranza siempre puesta en Sión, los judíos llegaron para quedarse en España, y una vez materializada la expulsión, esperaron con ansias el regreso a la tierra de sus antiguos, Sefarad.

Questo lavoro presenta una ricerca sulle forme della soggettività femminile in tre importanti opere della poesia persiana medievale: lo Shah-name di Ferdowsi, il Vis o Ramin di Gorgani e il Homay e Homayun di Khwaju di Kerman. Ciascuna opera viene analizzata separatamente nei primi tre capitoli, con speciale riguardo ai personaggi femminili; nel quarto capitolo si trova un excursus sulla misoginia nella letteratura persiana medievale e nel quinto capitolo si effettua una vasta comparazione dei tre autori rispetto al tema della tesi. Un capitolo finale è dedicato al tema della rivalutazione della donna nel romanzo persiano. / This is a research on the forms of female subjectivity in three major works of the Persian medieval poetry: Shah-name by Ferdowsi, Vis o Ramin by Gorgani and Homay o Homayun by Khwaju of Kerman. Each work is analyzed separately in the first three chapters, with special regard to the female characters; in chapter 4 there is an excursus on misogyny in the Persian medieval literature and in chapter 5 there is a large comparative analysis of the three authors on the theme of female subjectivity. A final chapter is devoted to the theme of the revaluation of woman in the Persian romance.