The research activity focused on the study, design and evaluation of innovative human-machine interfaces based on virtual three-dimensional environments. It is based on the brain electrical activities recorded in real time through the electrical impulses emitted by the brain waves of the user. The achieved target is to identify and sort in real time the different brain states and adapt the interface and/or stimuli to the corresponding emotional state of the user. The setup of an experimental facility based on an innovative experimental methodology for “man in the loop" simulation was established. It allowed involving during pilot training in virtually simulated flights, both pilot and flight examiner, in order to compare the subjective evaluations of this latter to the objective measurements of the brain activity of the pilot. This was done recording all the relevant information versus a time-line. Different combinations of emotional intensities obtained, led to an evaluation of the current situational awareness of the user. These results have a great implication in the current training methodology of the pilots, and its use could be extended as a tool that can improve the evaluation of a pilot/crew performance in interacting with the aircraft when performing tasks and procedures, especially in critical situations. This research also resulted in the design of an interface that adapts the control of the machine to the situation awareness of the user. The new concept worked on, aimed at improving the efficiency between a user and the interface, and gaining capacity by reducing the user’s workload and hence improving the system overall safety. This innovative research combining emotions measured through electroencephalography resulted in a human-machine interface that would have three aeronautical related applications: • An evaluation tool during the pilot training; • An input for cockpit environment; • An adaptation tool of the cockpit automation.

This PhD thesis addresses three questions. First, to what extent was the EU’s vision of ‘active ageing’ adopted in EU15 nations between 1995 and 2005? Second, what was the nature of policy reforms in these nations over this time period? Finally, which sub-groups within the older age cohort (here defined as between 50-74)1 were subject to active ageing policies in these countries? The methodology employed was cross-national policy analysis of EU15 nations’ policies for employment and retirement, encompassing the retention and re-engagement of older individuals in the labour market. The policy areas included are unemployment benefits, active labour market policies, state pension ages, early retirement routes and incentives for the deferral of pension receipt, in line with the EU targets and guidelines regarding ‘active ageing’. In addition, model biographies (divided according to age and contribution records) were employed to address the differential policy treatment of individuals within the older age cohort in terms of the various eligibility criteria and policy options available over the ten year period. The data indicates that though EU15 nations have made progress towards the EU policy prescriptions for active ageing, there is variation in a number of respects. First, nations differed in terms of their policy contexts, and as a result had lesser or greater distances to travel towards the EU vision of active ageing. Second, and related, these policy contexts to a degree directed subsequent national reforms and retrenchment, thus resulting in different policy approaches. Finally, at the micro-level, there is variation with regard to the policy treatment of individuals within the age cohort in EU15 nations. As a result, the active ageing policy logic is applied to older individuals differently. In terms of its contributions to knowledge, this thesis therefore provides more nuanced accounts of both the recommodification and reserve army of labour literatures. The recommodification of labour argument suggests that nations are moving away from decommodifying welfare arrangements to focus on the recommodification of labour yet the data demonstrate a great deal of variation in EU15 nations, in terms of their original policies for decommodification, their subsequent retrenchment and the type of policies introduced that recommodify labour. With regard to the reserve army of labour literature, the shift towards active ageing policies is part of a cyclical process whereby older workers are drawn into and ejected from the labour markets in periods of low and high unemployment respectively. The data however indicate that as the political economy of ageing literature suggests, ageing is not a homogenous experience and differential policy treatment within age cohorts maintains and exacerbates divergence at the micro level. Thus whilst the recommodification and reserve army of labour literatures suggest all individuals are being drawn into the labour market, the data emphasises differences at the micro level in terms of policy treatment, in line with the political economy of ageing literature

Partindo do Livro 6 de Vereações do Porto (actas da Câmara de 1488 a 1498) trata-se a administração municipal, a vida económica, a sociedade e a vida quotidiana, nos aspectos presentes nos documentos. Na Câmara da Relação se discutia a vida da cidade, colectiva e, por vezes, individual, aí se afirmando o poder local face a interesses pessoais e outros poderes.

Este trabalho traduz-se no estudo da colecção dos pratos e bacias de latão dos séculos XV-XVI de temática religiosa da Casa Museu Guerra Junqueiro. Os pratos e bacias de latão tiveram diversas funções, de carácter religioso, como pratos de oferta, destinados ao baptismo ou à extrema-unção; e, civil, como peças ornamentais, das casas da burguesia ou dos castelos da aristocracia. Relativamente à sua origem, são mencionados numerosos locais, nomeadamente, Dinant, Nuremberga, Espanha, Itália, entre outros. As nossas relações comerciais com a Flandres e a Alemanha vão levar à importação destas peças, sobretudo, durante o reinado de D. Manuel I, comprovada pelas visitações da Ordem de Cristo, publicadas entre 1507-1510. Mas, também, a sua disseminação pelas igrejas da Ordem de Santiago, e utilizados como bacia per oferta. A Feira de Medina del Campo, uma das mais importantes da Península, foi um centro de venda, compra e distribuição de obras artísticas, inclusivé, pratos e bandejas de Dinant ou Nuremberga. Os pratos e bacias presentes na Casa Museu Guerra Junqueiro são realizados em latão batido e repoussé; tipologicamente, apresentam três modelos diferentes; ornamentados com inscrições e punções na aba, ou circundando o disco central ou, então, bandas de entrelaçados. Os temas presentes no disco central são a Anunciação, a Tentação de Adão e Eva no Paraíso, Josué e Caleb transportando o cacho de uvas, São Jorge lutando contra o dragão e o Agnus Dei.

Porous inorganic materials that can be used in applications such as catalysis and separations have been intensely studied due to their potential stability, ease of recovery and high surface areas. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials meet these criteria by exploiting the physical robustness of porous inorganic materials and the chemical functionality of organic materials. While amorphous oxides are widely used industrially as inorganic supports, disordered pore structures make them difficult to characterize. Ordered-mesoporous-silica (OMS), such as SBA-15, that have ordered pores structures simplify characterization and are useful models for studying hybrid materials. Dendrimers, once appropriately functionalized, have high densities of uniformly distributed functional groups. In this thesis, melamine-based dendrimer/SBA-15 hybrids were synthesized and characterized using a wide range of analytical techniques. This thesis shows that the porosity can be independently altered by varying 1) the dendrimer generation, 2) the linker molecule, and 3) the surface amine loading. Cu(II) sequestration results demonstrate that the peripheral functional groups of the dendrimer are readily accessible for binding. This thesis also describes preliminary work toward preparing an enantioselective catalyst using L-proline supported on OMS. This work includes the synthesis and testing of three dendrimer-like proline derivatives. Future work in this area is outlined and will include synthesizing catalysts based on the dendrimer hybrid system previously described. Solution dendrimer syntheses will also be performed to create solution-based catalysts.

Porous inorganic materials that can be used in applications such as catalysis and separations have been intensely studied due to their potential stability, ease of recovery and high surface areas. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials meet these criteria by exploiting the physical robustness of porous inorganic materials and the chemical functionality of organic materials. While amorphous oxides are widely used industrially as inorganic supports, disordered pore structures make them difficult to characterize. Ordered-mesoporous-silica (OMS), such as SBA-15, that have ordered pores structures simplify characterization and are useful models for studying hybrid materials. Dendrimers, once appropriately functionalized, have high densities of uniformly distributed functional groups. In this thesis, melamine-based dendrimer/SBA-15 hybrids were synthesized and characterized using a wide range of analytical techniques. This thesis shows that the porosity can be independently altered by varying 1) the dendrimer generation, 2) the linker molecule, and 3) the surface amine loading. Cu(II) sequestration results demonstrate that the peripheral functional groups of the dendrimer are readily accessible for binding. This thesis also describes preliminary work toward preparing an enantioselective catalyst using L-proline supported on OMS. This work includes the synthesis and testing of three dendrimer-like proline derivatives. Future work in this area is outlined and will include synthesizing catalysts based on the dendrimer hybrid system previously described. Solution dendrimer syntheses will also be performed to create solution-based catalysts.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fakultät für Geschichts-, Social- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften--Stuttgart--Universität, 1996. / Contient l'éd. latine des Statuts du chapitre général de l'Ordre allemand, de l'Acte de fondation et des Statuts de l'abbaye St. Peter auf dem Einsiedel, ainsi que de deux oeuvres de Gabriel Biel : "Tractatus de communi vita clericorum" et "Collatio de vita communi" Bibliogr. p. 378-400. Index.

texte remanié de: Diss.--Fachbereich Geschichtswissenschaften--Berlin--Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 305-340. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Münster--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. [413]-440. Index.

The Dynamic Model for Aerosol Nucleation (DMAN) is a model which simulates nucleation, gas-phase chemistry, coagulation and condensation/evaporation for a multi-component atmospheric aerosol population. We developed an updated version of DMAN which includes the condensation of organic vapors on nanoparticles, using the recently developed Volatility Basis Set framework, and simulates the gas phase chemistry using the chemical mechanism SAPRC-99. The simulations were performed for two locations with different organic sources; Hyytiala (Finland) and Finokalia (Greece). Initially, we compared the results of the extended DMAN model with the old version which does not include the condensation of organics. The condensation of organics neglecting the Kelvin effects resulting in an approximate doubling of the growth rate of new particles. The number predicted concentration of particles above 3 nm (N3) and 100 (N100) increased at both locations. The increase of surface tension decreased dramatically the growth rate and the diameter that the new particles reached. The predicted concentration of N100 decreased at Hyytiala but increased at Finokalia, while the concentration of N3 decreased in both locations. Condensation of semi-volatile organic vapors, assuming realistic values of the organic surface energy, cannot explain the observed growth rates in Hyytiala during typical nucleation events. The simulations with production and condensation of low-volatility organics and a surface tension of 0.025 N m-1 indicate that the model can reproduce well the field measurements. The addition of chemical aging reactions converting semi-volatile organic aerosol (OA) to low volatility compounds helped the model to better reproduce the observed growth of the fresh particles. At Hyytiala, the organics are the major components during the growth process of new particles. The low-volatility secondary OA helps the growth initially, but after a few hours most of the growth is due to semi-volatile secondary OA components. At Finokalia, the simulation shows that the organic components have a complementary role for the growth contributing 45% of the total mass of new particles. / Το Δυναμικό Μοντέλο Πυρηνογένεσης Σωματιδίων (DMAN) είναι ένα μοντέλο το όποιο προσομοιώνει την πυρηνογένεση, την χημεία στην αέρια φάση, την συσσωμάτωση και την συμπύκνωση/εξάτμιση για ένα πολυσυστατικό πληθυσμό σωματιδίων. Εμείς αναπτύξαμε μια ανανεωμένη έκδοση του DMAN, το όποιο περιλαμβάνει και την συμπύκνωση των οργανικών ατμών πάνω στα νανοσωματίδια, χρησιμοποιώντας την πρόσφατη προσέγγιση Volatility Basis Set και προσομοιώνοντας την αέρια χημεία με την χρήση του χημικού μηχανισμού SAPRC-99. Οι προσομοιώσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν για δυο τοποθεσίες με διαφορετικές πήγες οργανικών: Hyytiala (Φινλανδία) και Φινοκαλιά (Ελλάδα). Αρχικά, εμείς συγκρίναμε τα αποτελέσματα του εκτεταμένου DMAN μοντέλου με την παλιά έκδοση, η όποια δεν περιλαμβάνει την συμπύκνωση των οργανικών. Η συμπύκνωση των οργανικών παραμελώντας το Kelvin effect έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα τον διπλασιασμό του ρυθμού ανάπτυξης των νέων σωματιδίων. Η προβλεπόμενη συγκέντρωση αριθμού των σωματιδίων πάνω από 3 nm (N3) και 100 (N100) αυξήθηκε και στις δύο τοποθεσίες. Η αύξηση της επιφανειακής τάσης μειώνει δραματικά το ρυθμό ανάπτυξης και την διάμετρο που φτάνουν τα νέα σωματίδια. Η προβλεπόμενη συγκέντρωση των N100 μειώθηκε στη Hyytiala αλλά αυξήθηκε στην Φινοκαλιά, ενώ η συγκέντρωση του Ν3 μειώθηκε και στις δύο περιοχές. Η συμπύκνωση των ημι-πτητικών οργανικών ατμών, θεωρώντας ρεαλιστικές τιμές της επιφανειακής ενέργειας των οργανικών ατμών, δεν μπορεί να εξηγήσει το παρατηρούμενο ρυθμό ανάπτυξης στην Hyytiala κατά τη διάρκεια μιας τυπικής μέρας με πυρηνογένεση. Οι προσομοιώσεις με παραγωγή και συμπύκνωση οργανικών με χαμηλή πτητικότητα και επιφανειακή τάση 0.025 N m-1 δείχνουν ότι το μοντέλο μπορεί να αναπαράγει καλά τις μετρήσεις πεδίου. Η προσθήκη των χημικών αντιδράσεων γήρανσης μετατρέπουν τα ημι-πτητικά οργανικά αεροζόλ (ΟΑ) σε ενώσεις με χαμηλή πτητικότητα, αυτές βοηθούν το μοντέλο να αναπαράγει καλύτερα την παρατηρούμενη ανάπτυξη των φρέσκων σωματιδίων. Στην Hyytiala, τα οργανικά είναι τα κύρια συστατικά κατά τη διαδικασία της ανάπτυξης νέων σωματιδίων. Τα χαμηλής πτητικότητας δευτερογενή ΟΑ βοηθά στην ανάπτυξη αρχικά, αλλά μετά από μερικές ώρες το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της αύξησης οφείλεται στα ημι-πτητικά δευτερογενή ΟΑ. Στη Φινοκαλιά, η προσομοίωση δείχνει ότι τα οργανικά συστατικά έχουν ένα συμπληρωματικό ρόλο για την ανάπτυξη συμβάλλοντας 45% της συνολικής μάζας των νέων σωματιδίων.