This thesis traces the various vievs of Horace held in the seventeenth century and examines translation and imitation in the period. The main focus is on the influence of Horace's Od.es on lyric poetry. For the period 1600-1660, four authors are discussed in detail, Ben Jonson, Herrick, Marvell and Covley. Other authors treated include Drayton, Samuel Daniel, Donne, Campion, Chapman, Wotton, Carev, Randolph, Cartvr4ght, Habington, Vaughan, Lovelace, Fanshave, Mildmay Fane, George Daniel of Besvick, Milton, Oven Felltham, Izaak Walton, Denham, Waller and Alexander Brome. In the period from 1660, authors discussed include Dryden, Rochester, Sedley, Dorset, Mulgrave, Otvay, Etherep;e, Wycherley, Oldham, Prior, Ambrose Philips, Katherine Philips, John Norris, Cotton, Lady Mary Chudleigh, Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, John Ranrlet, John Tutchin, Temple and Evelyn. The introduction argues briefly that although Horace is normally associated vith the eighteenth century, in fact his Odes were more Influential in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, and points to some misconceptions about the nature of Horace's poetry that have helped to obscure this. It notes that the interest in the Odes in the period is a change from the Mediaeval and sixteenth-century approach to Horace, and points out that the study of hov a period responds to a particular poet throve light on its general character. Chapter I provides some background information. It outlines the place of Horace in the school curricula and shove that the twin emphases in the school reading of HOrace were on his morals and his style, the latter being studied vith the practical aim of imitation. School textbooks are described. An account of editions of Horace in the period follows. It is pointed out that the text of Horace was more corrupt than it is today* and argued that some of the translators of Horace used the school edition of John Bond. The twin emphases of commentary on Horace are again shown to be on his morals and his style: Parthenio's commentary is examined in some detail. Next, some ideas about Horace's life disseminated by the lives included in editions are mentioned. Finally, the influence of quotation books and emblem books is considered. It is argued that though they contained many of the poet*s favourite Horatian passages, this does not mean that writers did not read Horace directly. It is shown that they present a moral Horace and that they sometimes cause distortion through excerpting passages out of context. Chapter II deals with the volumes of translations of Horace by Thomas Drant, John Ashmore, Thomas Hawkins, Henry Rider, John Smith, 'Unknown Mase', and Richard Panshawe. A brief sketch is given of the development of translation in the century, and it is pointed out that there are some examples of the 'imitation* before Cowley. The books of translations are then examined against this background, and it is argued that Fanshawe should not be viewed as heralding the mid-century revolution in translation but as fitting into his own period. The twin interests of the translators are analysed as being content, primarily moral, and lyric style. Fanshawe is seen as of particular interest as trying to embody Horatian moral ideals in his life and as being most successful in conveying Horace's lyricism. Chapterin discusses various ways in trhich the formal aspects of Horace's Odes influenced seventeenth-century lyric. It is pointed out that this influence has been obscured because English writers do not produce pastiches but recreate Horace in modern modes and because of generic differences between the Odes and seventeenth-century lyric. Some differences in structure and style between the two are then considered, Cowley's translation of C.111.i and Carew's The Spring being used to illustrate the differences of structure. Some exceptions are noted in the poetry of Milton, Jonson, Herrick, etc. Next, the similarities and areas of influence are discussed - blends in tone, methods of making lyric personal and various poetic poses.

Text in Afrikaans / This thesis attempts to explore the relationship between eschatology and mission. This is done in the context of three ecumenical mission conferences held from 1910 to 1938. In the first chapter an overview is given of a number of the most important eschatological models, as well as an evaluation of these models to explore the author's own viewpoint. The broad eschatological lines through the ages are then followed and the relationship between eschatology and mission is indicated in a few important areas, namely the involvement of the church in social questions, unity in the church and the Christian hope. In the second chapter the mission conferences held in New York (1900) and Edinburgh (1910), which both occurred at a time of great optimism in the church, are discussed. At that time mission was especially seen as the salvation of the soul. In the third chapter the meeting held in Jerusalem in 1928, which took place in a time of great uncertainty for the church, is discussed. Here emphasis was laid upon the social task of the church. In chapter four mission in the shadow of the Second World War is discussed, concentrating on the meeting held at Tambaram (1938). During this meeting eschatology played an important role. There was a greater balance between the salvation of the soul and the salvation of the body. Church unity and a living hope also played an important role amongst the delegates. In the fifth chapter some conclusions are drawn for the church in general, while a few principles are indicated regarding eschatology and mission specifically for the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church). / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Sendingwetenskap)

Ein Kennzeichen der spätmittelalterlichen Stadtchronistik ist das Auftreten von Autoren und Lesern aus neuen, bis dahin illiteraten sozialen Schichten. Zur Erforschung dieser Geschichtsschreibung liefert die Arbeit von Joachim Schneider am Beispiel Nürnberg mit seinen kodikologischen und rezeptionsgeschichtlichen, aber auch seinen modernen sozial- und mentalitätsgeschichtlichen Fragestellungen einen wichtigen Beitrag. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Chronik des Bierbrauers und Aufsehers über das Bettelwesen, Heinrich Deichsler. Nach eingehender Analyse von Materialgewinnung und Arbeitstechniken Deichslers ist das Bild, das die Nürnberger um 1500 von ihrer Vergangenheit hatten, ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Werkes. Schneider vergleicht dazu die Deichslersche Chronik mit anderen Nürnberger historiographischen Texten. Insbesondere geht es dabei um die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen bürgerlicher und offiziöser Geschichtsbetrachtung. Zwei für die Stadt zentrale Geschichtsüberlieferungen stehen im Vordergrund: Die Erwerbung und Behauptung der Reichskleinodien sowie der Aufstand von 1348/49. Ein weiteres Kapitel der Arbeit liefert anhand der Zeitungen, Urkunden u.Ä., die Deichsler in seine Chronik als Inserte einfügte, einen Beitrag zu den noch wenig erforschten Anfängen des Zeitungswesens. Deichslers selbständige Chronistik führt schließlich mitten in das Nürnberger Alltagsleben um 1500. Auch hier zeigen sich bei Themen und Darstellungsweise bezeichnende Unterschiede zu anderen Nürnberger Chroniken, die aus sozial höherem Milieu stammen. Schneiders Untersuchung beschreibt nicht nur chronistische Techniken, Geschichtsbild und Mentalität eines bemerkenswert fleißigen Mittelschicht-Chronisten, es entsteht vielmehr ein Panorama der reichen spätmittelalterlichen Nürnberger Geschichtsschreibung und damit der Geschichte dieser Stadt selbst in ihren großen und kleinen Ereignissen - einer Stadt, die gerade damals ihre wohl größte Zeit erlebte.

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譚國安. / 據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學敎育學院. / Ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-201). / Tan Guo'an. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue jiao yu xue yuan. / 緒言：關於本文的研究動機，內容要旨和研究方法 --- p.14 / Chapter 第一章 --- 白沙子總述 / Chapter 一 --- 生平傳略 --- p.31 / Chapter 二 --- 學術地位 --- p.48 / Chapter 三 --- 思想淵源 --- p.66 / Chapter 第二章 --- 白沙子道德教育之一──教材論 / Chapter 一 --- 大則人倫，小則日用 --- p.84 / Chapter 二 --- 四書與六經 千古道在那 --- p.99 / Chapter 第三章 --- 白沙子道德教育之´二´ؤؤ方法論 / Chapter 一 --- 其始在於立誠 --- p.113 / Chapter 二 --- 致虛所以立本 --- p.127 / Chapter 三 --- 養靜便自開大 --- p.155 / Chapter 第四章 --- 白沙子道德教育之三──效用論 / Chapter 一 --- 華落實存 乃浩然自得 --- p.174 / Chapter 二 --- 出處語默 含率乎自然 --- p.190 / Chapter 第五章 --- 若向此邊參得透 始知吾道是中庸 --- p.198 / 參考書目 --- p.201

This thesis presents a study of the production and reception of English writing on witchcraft from the period 1560-1660 using the methodologies of the history of the book and the history of reading. The body of works under consideration includes scholarly treatises, news pamphlets, drama and ballads. The origins, literary contexts, production, dissemination and reception of these works are considered across the period. Analysis of reception involves consideration of contemporary library holdings, citations in print, binding and contemporary annotations; this section is based on study of the holdings of a number of research libraries in England and North America. The study supports the conclusions of recent research into scholarly writing on witchcraft, which has suggested that such writing was more thoroughly embedded in its intellectual context than has previously been appreciated; this study provides more evidence for this view and expands it to include the other genres of witchcraft writing under consideration. The study concludes that the concept ‘witchcraft writing' is not a useful one for our understanding of this material. Conclusions are also offered about the relative impact of individual works, and about the impact of this body of writing as a whole. While general works stand out (the treatises of Reginald Scot, William Perkins and James I, as well as many Continental treatises), the overall impression is that writing on witchcraft was not successful commercially. This supports the conclusion that witchcraft writing was not as representative of early modern belief more generally as has been previously thought.

This thesis explores gendered embodiment in early-modern England as a 'semiotic field' onto which were transcribed anxieties about the contingent nature of individual and national 'masculine' identity in an era of social and religious change and flux. I examine how the construction of an emergent 'Englishness' is articulated through the employment of eroticised metaphors of religious and national opposition. Anxieties about the threat to English national stability are feminised in order to contain and distance them, where the trope of the 'worrying feminine', in the Biblical archetype of the ambitious and sexually promiscuous Whore of Babylon, becomes an 'over-coded' entity representing a spectrum of anxieties surrounding internal and external religious threats to the self-constituted identity of English Protestant masculinity. In contrast to this, chaste female virtue in the form of the Bride of Christ is used, frequently in conjunction with the trope of the 'motherland', to privilege the righteousness of the Protestant masculine agenda against a perceived lack of proper monarchical rule. Together with the insights of literary criticism and history, I draw on models from gender and identity theory and cultural theory of the body, to engage with a series of six 'moments' from 1530 to 1640. Plays by Bale, Sackville and Norton, Shakespeare, Dekker, Heywood, Middleton, Davenport, Brome, Richards and Quarles are analysed in conjunction with Spenser's poetry and polemical works by Knox, Aylmer and Stubbes. I explore the ways in which the antithetical tropes are employed and how this reflects, interacts with and works against shifting social and cultural preoccupations. I conclude that the elaborate and over-insistent emphasis upon individual and national masculine supremacy is undermined by the irreconcilable contradictions inherent in its gendered construction. I argue that these disjunctures are nonetheless revealing, since the disentangling and examination of their complexities enables new and productive insights into the cultural climate of the period.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2018. / Com base em documentos de diversas origens, parte substancial deles sob guarda do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, este trabalho procura estudar os conflitos provocados pelas tentativas de instalação do correio-mor na América portuguesa, entre as décadas de 1650 e 1750. A análise orienta-se pela convergência de três vetores, de diferentes naturezas e correspondentes a fenômenos desenvolvidos em distintas escalas temporais, mas que se interligam nos casos estudados. O primeiro é um lento processo de transformação da monarquia portuguesa, a migração de uma concepção jurisdicionalista de poder e de uma administração “econômica” (no sentido original de gestão da esfera doméstica), para outras, mais “políticas”, mais preocupadas com o bem-estar geral, com o abastecimento e com a regulação da res publica. O segundo corresponde à trajetória de um dos braços dessa monarquia, o correio-mor, marcada tanto por conflitos em vários níveis, quanto pela sua venda pela Coroa a particulares no início do século XVII, de acordo com uma lógica dominial e patrimonial, que ainda teria consequências nas duas centúrias seguintes. Finalmente, mas não de menor importância, entram em cena os fatores locais, entre os quais avultam as estratégias de grupos e agentes individuais, que davam colorido específico aos movimentos mais amplos da monarquia. O trabalho procura mostrar que o desenvolvimento dos sistemas disponíveis para a comunicação escrita na América portuguesa foi bastante diferente daquele que se pode observar em Portugal, como resultado de um processo em que se encontraram várias forças. No espaço metropolitano, apesar das críticas a que foi submetido, o correio-mor tornou-se um instrumento de territorialização e de governação sob mando da Coroa, tendo logrado instalar, até a metade do século XVIII, uma rede que abrangia praticamente toda a área do país. No Brasil, por outro lado, a implantação do correio-mor malogrou, diante de uma feroz resistência dos poderes locais e, a partir de 1730, da proibição régia de que atuasse no interior do país. Tal diferença só pode ser adequadamente compreendida diante do encontro dos fatores há pouco mencionados, no quadro de uma cultura política bastante pragmática, que tinha a negociação e a adaptação como elementos essenciais. / Based on documents from diverse origins, a substantial part of them under the custody of the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, this work seeks to study the conflicts caused by attempts to install the postal service in Portuguese America between the 1650s and 1750s. The analysis of this subject is oriented by the convergence of three vectors, of different natures and related to phenomena that, although developed at different temporal scales, are interconnect in the cases studied. The first is a slow process of transformation of the Portuguese monarchy, the migration from a jurisdictional conception of power and an "economic" administration (in the original sense of management of a household), to others, more "political", more concerned with general well-being, with the supply and regulation of res publica. The second corresponds to the trajectory of one of the arms of this monarchy, the postal service, marked by conflicts at various levels and by its sale by the Crown to individuals in the early seventeenth century, according to a dominated and patrimonial logic, which still would have consequences in the next two centuries. Last but not least, local factors come into play, among which are the strategies of individual groups and agents, which gave specific colors to the larger movements of the monarchy. This work tries to show that the development of the systems available for written communication in Portuguese America was quite different from the one that can be observed in Portugal, as a result of a process in which there was the encounter of several forces. In the metropolitan area, despite the criticisms it underwent, the postmaster became an instrument of territorialization and governance under the command of the Crown, and succeeded in establishing, until the mid-eighteenth century, a network covering almost the entire area of the country. In Brazil, on the other hand, the implantation of the postal service failed, in the face of fierce resistance from local authorities and also as a result of the royal ban, from 1730, on acting inside the country. Such a difference can only be adequately understood in view of the encounter of the factors mentioned before, considering the perspective of a very pragmatic political culture, which had negotiation and adaptation as essential elements.

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