Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841431.pdf: 2987364 bytes, checksum: 0b5054184fc6efb3e5f35ec0df522d51 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o papel que possuiu a experimentação na história da Química e no Ensino de alguns conteúdos específicos desta ciência particular, buscando traçar as potencialidades e os limites da experimentação em seu ensino na atualidade. Para isso desenvolvemos no capítulo I, discussões sobre o papel da experiência e da experimentação para algumas filosofias/epistemologias entre os séculos XVII e XX. Utilizamos como referência as obras obras de Bacon, Hume, Comte, Bachelard, Popper e Kuhn. No capítulo II desenvolveremos uma pesquisa sobre a história da experimentação na Química, tomando como referência singular os estudos que Lavoisier realizou no século XVIII no Tratado Elementar de Química. No capítulo III fizemos um panorama do uso da experimentaçãona história no Ensino de Química no Brasil, finalizando nossas considerações com as reformas educacionais que geraram novos parâmetros e trabalhos acadêmicos sobre o uso da experimentação. Para estes capítulos anteriormente descritos usamos, como metodologia de estudo a análise internalista de texto. No capítulo IV, fizemos um levantamento das propostas experimentais contidas nos livros didáticos propostos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio do ano de 2012, e as analisarmos quanto aos pressupostos epistemológicos sobre experimentação. Os experimentos encontrados foram analisados quanto as questões de planejamento do professor, modalidade de experimentação e expectativa de retorno dos alunos contidas em todas as propostas de atividades experimentais. Ao final desta primeira análise buscamos por experimentos e trechos nos livros que abordavam o trabalho de Lovoisier. Estes trechos e experimentos foram analisados com a intenção de traçar as concepções de experimentação que os constituíram. Para esta etapa usamos a análise de conteúdo como metodologia de pesquisa. Nosso objetivo final com... / This work aims to investigate the role of the experimentation in the history of chemistry and in teaching of some specific contents of this particular science, in order to describe the potentialities and the limits of experimentation in its teaching today. For this, we described in Chapter I discussion on the role of experience and experimentaion for some philosophies/epistemologies between the seventeenth to twentieth centuries. We used as reference the works of Bacon. Hume, Comte, Bachelard, Popper, and Kuhn. In Chapter II we developed a research about the history of experimentation in chemistry, talking as a singular reference studies that Lavoisier made in the eighteenth century in the Elements of Chemistry. In Chapter III we made an overview of the use of experimentation in the history of the Chemistry Teaching in Brazil, ending our considerations with the educational reforms that generated new parameters and academic papers on the use of experimentation. For the chapters, we employed the internalist analysis of text as a methodology of study. In Chapter IV, we conducted a survey of experimental proposals contained, in the textbooks proposed by the National Textbooks Program for Secundary Education in the year of and we analyzed as to the epistemological assumptions about experimentation. The experiments found were analyzed regarding the teacher's planning issues, experimentation mode an feedback of the students included in all proposals for experimentation activities. At the end of this first analysis they were analyzed with the intention of tracing the trial conceptions that constituted them, we search for experiments and excerpts from books that addressed the Lavoisier's work. They were analyzed with the intention of tracing the trial conceptions that constituted them. For this step we used the content analysis as a methodology of study. Our final aim whith this study was to establish the limits and potentialities of the use of...

Throughout the history of American slavery and abolitionist activities Jefferson was a key figure. Because he so clearly and fervently denounced slavery as inconsistent with natural rights and the ideology of the Revolution, he has been hailed by many as a champion of equality. On the other hand, Jefferson owned many slaves during his lifetime, and he freed only seven, five of these being emancipated through his will. This fact has made him vulnerable to attacks from modern historians. The critics have oversimplified and distorted matters relating to slavery as they applied to Jefferson and his time. Slavery during his lifetime was not the dramatic issue that it has been made out to be. The major passion of Jefferson's generation was the establishment of a sound Union for whites, based on general principles of republicanism. Specifically, for Jefferson, this meant the establishment of a nation for self-governing, self-sufficient white farmers. In his Notes on Virginia, Jefferson declared that "those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God if ever he had a chosen people."2 The Creator had deposited in these people, to a greater extent than in any other group, a large amount of true virtue. Looking back through the ages for evidence of the farmer's virtues, Jefferson concluded that *corruption of morals in the mass of cultivators is a phenomenon of which no age nor nation has furnished an example."3 The "'cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens," he wrote. "They are the most vigorous, the most independent, the most virtuous, and they are tied to their country and wedded to its liberty and interests by the most lasting bonds."

Thomas Jefferson's political ideology centered on the importance of individual liberty and choice for the common person. Activities throughout his career were grounded on this concept. It is interesting, therefore, that events during the final years of his presidency appear to have prompted him to abandon this philosophy in favor of a more pragmatic, less democratic, approach. The embargo acts which Congress passed at Jefferson's request in between December 1807 and January 1809 outlawed all foreign commercial activities and provided harsh penalties for violations. The president's failure to communicate publicly the reasons he believed these drastic measures were required stand in stark contrast to his political philosophy and left a cloud over his presidency when he left office.

Chow Kwong Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-163). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I. --- Prologue ´ؤ The Elitist Consensus --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- """The Cast""- William Manning and Thomas Jefferson" --- p.7 / William Manning (1747-1814) --- p.7 / Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) --- p.15 / Chapter III. --- """The Stage"" - Two Different Worlds: Massachusetts and Virginia in the Eighteenth Century" --- p.27 / The Social Settings --- p.28 / The Religious Settings --- p.38 / The Educational Settings --- p.49 / The Economic Settings --- p.60 / The Political Settings --- p.71 / Chapter IV. --- """The Plot"" 一 Hamilton's Policies and Jay's Treaty" --- p.76 / "“Some Proposals for Making Restitution to the Original Creditors of Government""" --- p.76 / Jefferson on Hamilton's Policies --- p.84 / """The Key of Liberty""" --- p.90 / Jefferson on Jay's Treaty --- p.99 / Chapter V. --- """The Dialogue""" --- p.104 / A Bisected Society versus Society as a Whole --- p.104 / On Human Nature --- p.109 / Government as Unnecessary versus the Absolute Necessity of Civil Government --- p.111 / On the Constitution --- p.120 / "On the People, Property, and Labour" --- p.123 / A Rational Citizen versus a Romantic Revolutionary --- p.129 / Public Space for the Masses to Participate in the Republic --- p.135 / Education and the Circulation of Information --- p.140 / The Uniqueness of America and Americans - American Identity --- p.144 / Chapter VI. --- Epilogue - Conflict and Consensus in the Founding Period --- p.147 / Bibliography --- p.161

Thesis (MA)- Stellenbosch University, 1935. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Orientador: Roberto Romano da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T16:41:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SidneyReinaldoda_D.pdf: 11342299 bytes, checksum: 112ec0e6960b965888218577fd5dc2dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Em Condorcet, a constituição da coletividade é agregado aberto: totalidade inacabada. O jogo é experimento modelar para a análise da relação todo-parte. A idéia de médja, correlata da esperança matemática, apresenta-se como a base do jogo ou sistema de equivalência. Contudo, os critérios escolhidos são susceptíveis de mudanças conforme as suas conseqüências ou informações. O modelo deve refletir o inacabamento, pois o jogo muda de natureza. Assim, para manter um jogo eqüitativo, condição fundamental da aposta, seus princípios necessitam de reajustes. A perfectibilidade é basilar no pensamento político condorcetiano. Um pacto somente seria admissível se seus termos propiciassem uma democraçia progressiva e um progresso democrático / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

Orientador: Roberto Romano da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T12:19:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SidneyReinaldoda_M.pdf: 4986683 bytes, checksum: cd7de914c5affe435f9cf3a8c49cd968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação analiso o conceito de arte social no pensamento de Condorcet (1743-1794). Partindo da sua concepção de poder público, procuro mostrar a sua proposta de conciliar "tecnocracia" e "democracia". Condorcet pressupõe que o individuo age de acordo com uma certa "crença" de que "o futuro será como o passado" e de que a natureza segue leis invariáveis, reveladas pela observação dos fatos. Os julgamentos que dirigem a conduta individual são fundamentados numa probabilidade que pode ser mais ou menos forte, mas sempre avaliada segundo um sentimento vago e maquinal. Condorcet propõe o cálculo como instrumento capaz de dar "mais precisão" às deliberações. Sendo assim. todas aquelas decisões arriscadas, que colocariam em perigo a vida ou bens do agente e/ou de seus semelhantes, deveriam ser pautadas no cálculo das probabilidades, única garantia de ação racional. Tal modelo deliberativo foi retomado por Condorcet no âmbito das decisões públicas. Na esfera em que a ação envolve o interesse de todos os cidadãos, o cálculo das probabilidades torna-se indispensável, As deliberaçõe públicas devem pautar-se no que for mais provável ao maior número. O agenciamento social do conhecimento torna-se imprescindível na perspectiva condorcetiana. O ordenamento jurídico-institucional do Estado deve permitir que as decisões publicas sejam tomadas com o máximo de eficácia técnica possível. Por outro lado, tais decisões devem estar de acordo com a "vontade geral". Sendo fundamental o consentimento do cidadão para garantir a legitimidade das decisões comuns, a instrução pública torna-se um dos direitos fundamentais do homem / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Cette thèse analyse les multiples représentations – historiques et fictionnelles – de Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793), célèbre journaliste de L’Ami du Peuple, pour mettre en lumière les procédés de la fabrication de son mythe et son instrumentalisation tout au long du XIXe siècle. Divisée en quatre grandes parties, la thèse reprend les phases du développement du mythe dans l’imaginaire collectif français depuis le début de la carrière publique de Marat jusqu’au centenaire de son assassinat en 1893 : 1. Esquisse 1772-1795, Fabrication du mythe et déchéance du jacobinisme ; 2. Modelage 1795-1845, Cristallisation du mythe et dégénérescence révolutionnaire ; 3. Remodelage 1846-1893, Réévaluation du mythe et inanité révolutionnaire ; 4. Restauration 1847-1893, Contestation du mythe et résurrection de l’Ami du Peuple.

Thomas Jefferson: Life Lines is a five movement composition based on excerpts from Thomas Jefferson's personal letters. The material presented focuses on the intimate, human qualities of the man. The musical treatment of this material illuminates and amplifies different aspects of the inner Jefferson. The music is as diverse and varied as Jefferson's interests. The style, tone and form of the music are directly tied to Jefferson's words. Two fundamental components of Jefferson's being, the rational mind and the emotional heart, are musically portrayed in the introduction of the first movement. The music that follows in the first and all subsequent movements is derived from these two components. The first movement contains eight brief excerpts that highlight different aspects of Jefferson's mindset. Each of the remaining movements focuses on a single subject: The second movement, the death of Jefferson's wife, Martha; the third movement, Monticello; the fourth movement, a dialogue between Jefferson's head and heart; and the fifth movement, Jefferson's belief in the free mind. The music is presented by a chamber ensemble of twenty-two performers: five woodwinds (flute, oboe, two B-flat clarinets, bassoon), five brass (two french horns in F, trumpet in C, trombone, tuba), two percussionists, piano, four vocalists (alto, two tenors, bass) and five strings (two violins, viola, cello, double bass). Historical background for each epistolary excerpt and an explanation of the its corresponding music is found in the preface.