Presenta en la primera parte titulada Acceso a un concepto de literatura peruana en el Virreinato, los esquemas de la literatura peruana de Riva Agüero, Gálvez y Mariátegui, y con el propósito de establecer principios sobre el papel del Perú en la configuración cultural de América Austral, se exponen los raciocinios de Sánchez, Porras, Basadre, Tamayo Vargas y Cornejo Polar. De manera que provistos de consideraciones ontológicas sobre el Perú, se organizan reflexiones sobre el perfil cultural de la literatura peruana, la diferencia entre literatura de la conquista y literatura virreinal, el carácter de la literatura colonial, y lo peruano en la literatura virreinal visto como el sentimiento y pensamiento del sujeto criollo. Todo ello en calidad de instrumentos de investigación para otear lo peruano en la literatura del XVII en tránsito al XVIII. En la segunda parte titulada La acción interpretativa, se elabora el Plano contextual del Perú en el siglo XVII en tránsito al XVIII; y para explicitarlo, se presentan los sucesos en forma sinóptica a través de un mapa político, económico y social y un mapa religioso, educativo, artístico y cultural. De esta manera, al tener los patrones básicos del ambiente virreinalicio, se exponen los contenidos ideo-emotivos bajo el título Revelaciones de lo peruano, donde se destacan las características que le dan validez como peruano a un discurso distanciado de las normas y preceptos españoles. Finalmente, se comenta Lima fundada con las nociones básicas sobre el tiempo y el espacio exhibidas por Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo.

José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, virrey del Perú entre 1806 y 1816, tuvo que lidiar con diversas situaciones durante su periodo de gobierno: crisis monárquica, inicio del periodo liberal, juntas autónomas, primeros movimientos revolucionarios, entre otros. Su éxito ha hecho que el virreinato del Perú sea considerado en la historiografía como el bastión del fidelismo en Sudamérica. Sin embargo, esta consideración no solo se debió al accionar del virrey. Junto a él, estuvieron los intendentes, personajes que son el objeto de estudio de esta tesis. La presente investigación analiza a un grupo de intendentes, criollos y peninsulares, durante el gobierno de virrey Abascal para entender su accionar en conjunto y su rol dentro del proceso contrarrevolucionario. De esta manera, lo que se busca entender, al mismo tiempo, es como expresaron los intendentes su fidelidad al Rey durante un periodo tan convulso. / José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, viceroy of Peru between 1806 and 1816, had to deal with various situations during his term of government: monarchical crisis, the beginning of the liberal period, autonomous juntas, first revolutionary movements, among others. His success has made the viceroyalty of Peru to be considered in the historiography as the bastion of fidelity in South America. However, this consideration was not only due to the actions of the viceroy. Next to him, were the intendants, characters that are the object of study of this thesis. The present investigation analyzes a group of intendants, creoles and peninsular, during the government of viceroy Abascal to understand their actions as a whole and their role in the counterrevolutionary process. In this way, what is sought to understand, at the same time, is how the intendants expressed their loyalty to the King during such a convulsive period. / Tesis

In contemporary American political life, concepts such as duty to country and society often play a role in political discourse, but are often forgotten in the lives of average Americans. The life of the average citizen is focused on issues of economic survival, familial matters, and the diversions that occupy persons. Devotion to country is made an at best secondary concern for Americans. The purpose of this work is to examine the concepts of civic virtue that historically have dominated American political thought, using the writings of Thomas Jefferson and his influences as the primary source material for this effort, as well as the writings of modern western political theorists. Through this work, a conflict emerges between the values of western liberal thought and classic republicanism; to this end, a secondary purpose of this work is to reconcile those differences in an American context. Finally, a third purpose of this work is to offer a theoretical plan for re-connecting the average citizen with concepts of civic virtue through a proposal for public service.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The eighteenth century saw many innovations in political culture including the rise of the public sphere where political ideas were freely and openly discussed and criticized. The new public sphere arose within the institutions of private life such as the Republic of Letters and salons, so the modes of behavior in private life were important influences on the new political culture of the public sphere. By studying the lives and careers of Richard Price and the Marquis de Condorcet, I examine the role that the private institution of friendship played in the new political culture of the late Enlightenment. During the 1780s, friendship became an important political symbol that represented the enlightened ideals of equality, reciprocity, liberty, and humanitarianism.

No description available.

The thesis is that contrary to the received popular wisdom, the combination of David Hume's sceptical enquiry and Charles Darwin's provision of an alternative theoretical framework to the then current paradigm of natural theology did not succeed in defeating the design argument. I argue that William Paley's work best represented the status quo in the philosophy of biology circa 1800 and that with the logical mechanisms provided us by William Dembski in his seminal work on probability, there is a strong argument for thr work of Michael Behe to stand in a similar position today to that of Paley two centuries ago. The argument runs as follows: In Sections 1 and 2 of Chapter 1 I introduce the issues. In Section 3 I argue that William Paley's exposition of the design argument was archetypical of the natural theology school and that given Hume's already published criticism of the argument, Paley for one did not feel the design argument to be done for. I further argue in Section 4 that Hume in fact did no such thing and that neither did he see himself as having done so, but that the design argument was weak rather than fallacious. In Section 5 I outline the demise of natural theology as the dominant school of thought in the philosophy of biology, ascribing this to the rise of Darwinism and subsequently neo-Darwinism. I argue that design arguments were again not defeated but went into abeyance with the rise of a new paradigm associated with Darwinism, namely methodological naturalism. In Chapter 2 I advance the project by a discussion of William Dembski's formulation of design inferences, demonstrating their value in both everyday and technical usage. This is stated in Section 1. In Sections 2 and 3 I discuss Dembski's treatment of probability, whilst in Section 4 I examine Dembski's tying of different levels of probability to different mechanisms of explanation used in explicating the world. Section 5 is my analysis of the logic of the formal statement of the design argument according to Dembski. In Section 6 I encapsulate objections to Dembski. I conclude the chapter (with Section 7) by claiming that Dembski forwards a coherent model of design inferences that can be used in demonstrating that there is little difference between the way that Paley came to his conclusions two centuries ago and how modem philosophers of biology (such as I take Michael Behe to be, albeit that by profession he is a scientist) come to theirs when offering design explanations. Inference to the best explanation is demonstrated as lying at the crux of design arguments. In Chapter 3 I draw together the work of Michael Behe and Paley, showing through the mechanism of Dembski's work that they are closely related in many respects and that neither position is to be lightly dismissed. Section 1 introduces this. In Section 2 I introduce Behe's concept of irreducible complexity in the light of (functional) explanation. Section 3 is a detailed analysis of irreducible complexity. Section 4 raises and covers objections to Behe with the general theme being that (neo-) Darwinians beg the question against him. In Section 4 I apply the Dembskian mechanic directly to Behe's work. I argue that Behe does not quite meet the Dembskian criteria he needs to in order for his argument to stand as anything other than defeasible. However, in Section 5 I conclude by arguing that this is exactly what we are to expect from Behe's and similar theories, even within competing paradigms, in the philosophy of biology, given that inference to the best explanation is the logical lever therein at work. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Orientador: Antonio Miguel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_MariaLauraMagalhaes_D.pdf: 12578971 bytes, checksum: 42b253232c2d1e16537b7afbe47ac88f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Este trabalho focaliza as visões sobre a educação matemática dos quatro autores do Iluminismo francês cujo nome figura em seu título. Os quatro capítulos centrais são constituídos por estudos sobre as idéias de Diderot, d' Alembert, Condillac e Condorcet nos quais se procura ressaltar, para cada pensador, o aspecto mais notável em relação à educação matemática. Em Diderot, esse aspecto se encontra no sentido político da educação matemática; d' Alembert se distingue por sua consideração da epistemologia da Matemática como a base da educação matemática. Em Condillac, destaca-se a valorização da educação matemática no plano cognitivo geral; em Condorcet, as concepções e propostas para a educação matemática na instrução pública. Os capítulos inicial e final apresentam, respectivamente, o quadro da educação matemática na França do século XVllI, antes da Revolução, e o contexto da mesma educação no período pós-iluminista, da morte de Condorcet à Restauração / Abstract: This thesis is focused on elucidating visions on Mathematical Education of four Eighteenth Century French Enlightenrnent authors, namely, Diderot, d' Alembert, Condillac and Condorcet. These philosophers main views on Mathematical Education, as perceived, are here organised in four exc1usively dedicated chapters, each of them selecting and approaching the core themes and arguments of each author. Accordingly, Diderot's main ideas on the topic are aimed at the political meaning of Mathematical Education, whereas to d' Alembert, the central aspect to be underlined is the Mathematical Epistemology. As for Condillac, the priority is given to the evolving cognitive frameworks. Finally, it is believed that Condorcet' s ultimate emphasis is on public education. The thesis initial and final chapters characterise the Mathematical Education contexts in France, respectively, in the Eighteenth Century before the French Revolution and in the Post-Enlightenrnent phase, from Condorcet's death to the French Restoration / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação

Jeanne Bécu, an illegitimate child from the Vaucouleurs area in France, ascended the ranks of the Ancien régime to become the Countess du Barry and take her place as Royal Mistress of Louis XV. During her tenure as Royal Mistress, Jeanne amassed a jewel collection that rivaled all private collections. During the course of the French Revolution, more specifically the Reign of Terror, Jeanne was forced to hatch a plot to secure the remainder of her wealth as she lost a significant portion of her revenue on the night of 4 August 1789. To protect her wealth, Jeanne enlisted Nathaniel Parker Forth, a British spy, to help her plan a fake jewel theft at Louveciennes so that she could remove her economic capital from France while also reducing her total wealth and capital with the intent of reducing her tax payments. As a result of the theft, her jewelry was transported to London, where she would travel four times during the French Revolution on the pretext of recovering her jewelry. This thesis examines her actions while abroad during the Revolution and her culpability in the plot. While traveling to and from London, Jeanne was able to move information, money, and people out of France. Jeanne was arrested and charged with aiding the counter-revolution, for which the Revolutionary Tribunal sentenced her to death. Madame du Barry represented the extravagance and waste of Versailles and of Bourbon absolutism, and this symbolic representation of waste was what eventually inhibited Jeanne’s success.

José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, virrey del Perú entre 1806 y 1816, tuvo que lidiar con diversas situaciones durante su periodo de gobierno: crisis monárquica, inicio del periodo liberal, juntas autónomas, primeros movimientos revolucionarios, entre otros. Su éxito ha hecho que el virreinato del Perú sea considerado en la historiografía como el bastión del fidelismo en Sudamérica. Sin embargo, esta consideración no solo se debió al accionar del virrey. Junto a él, estuvieron los intendentes, personajes que son el objeto de estudio de esta tesis. La presente investigación analiza a un grupo de intendentes, criollos y peninsulares, durante el gobierno de virrey Abascal para entender su accionar en conjunto y su rol dentro del proceso contrarrevolucionario. De esta manera, lo que se busca entender, al mismo tiempo, es como expresaron los intendentes su fidelidad al Rey durante un periodo tan convulso. / José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, viceroy of Peru between 1806 and 1816, had to deal with various situations during his term of government: monarchical crisis, the beginning of the liberal period, autonomous juntas, first revolutionary movements, among others. His success has made the viceroyalty of Peru to be considered in the historiography as the bastion of fidelity in South America. However, this consideration was not only due to the actions of the viceroy. Next to him, were the intendants, characters that are the object of study of this thesis. The present investigation analyzes a group of intendants, creoles and peninsular, during the government of viceroy Abascal to understand their actions as a whole and their role in the counterrevolutionary process. In this way, what is sought to understand, at the same time, is how the intendants expressed their loyalty to the King during such a convulsive period.