Biblical mythology as a possible programme for a musical work never attracted Tchaikovsky's interest. Epistolary heritage also does not give the reason to suppose that the Bible was the composer's favourite book. Nevertheless, these superficially obvious facts do not settle the question about Tchaikovsky and the Bible.

Biblical mythology as a possible programme for a musical work never attracted Tchaikovsky''s interest. Epistolary heritage also does not give the reason to suppose that the Bible was the composer''s favourite book. Nevertheless, these superficially obvious facts do not settle the question about Tchaikovsky and the Bible.

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In this critical analysis an attempt has been made to compare two Russian monarchs who both left a deep impression on Russia with the help of foreign and Soviet literature. Because of the fact that the strictly literary material was very limited, I had to turn to historical books of various periods and of different countries. These, however, have proved valuable in exposing me to quite contrasting points of view. Both men lend themselves exceptionally well to comparison because many of their doings are almost identical in purpose and vary only in the methods of execution. Soviet historiography has capitalized on this fact and has used literature as a means of showing Ivan the Terrible as a precursor of Peter the Great. At the same time Soviet literature is making an effort to emulate him for the adulation of the Soviet citizenry. Soviet literature today recognizes him as the great centralizer of Russia and the liquidator of the obstructing aristocracy. This comparison stresses the actions and feelings of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great in similar circumstances and situations. The system of treating the two tsars in almost identical situations has been followed right through this thesis in which I examine them in retrospect, i.e. from a distance 400 and 250 years respectively. Despite my efforts to visualize the tsars clearly, to compare, and to evaluate them and their actions "sine ira et studio", I may have fallen short of the desired standard, for it is quite difficult to deal with subjects as controversial as Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great in a truly objective manner. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

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La Prise d’Alexandrie est une chronique rimée retraçant les exploits de Pierre Ier de Lusignan (1328-1369), roi de Chypre et de Jérusalem, nouveau Godefroy de Bouillon ; elle a été composée par Guillaume de Machaut vers 1370, peu après le meurtre de Pierre Ier ; ce régicide avait soulevé une très vive émotion en Occident, en particulier en France, qui connaissait par ailleurs une grave crise. Cette chronique, à la fois récit historique, épopée, éloge posthume, hagiographie, poème lyrique, est la dernière oeuvre d’un auteur connu etre connu ; on peut considérer cette biographie royale comme le testament de Guillaume de Machaut, le couronnement de son oeuvre. La Prise d’Alexandrie est le récit d’une croisade, une croisade qui ne se vit plus sur les champs de bataille, mais qui se joue dans les cours royales et papales ; une croisade qui ne se vit plus, mais qui se dit ; une croisade qui se marchande aussi ; une croisade menée par un poète : Machaut a en effet composé ici une véritable satire de son siècle.A travers notre travail, nous souhaitons faire découvrir ou redécouvrir cette oeuvre mal connue ; nous fournissons, avec le texte original et sa traduction, la description des manuscrits, une présentation de l’auteur et de son oeuvre, une étude littéraire et une analyse linguistique du texte, des notes critiques, un glossaire, un index des noms propres, la liste des proverbes et expressions, une chronologie des événements et une bibliographie sélective. / The Take of Alexandria is a rhymed narrative which recounts the exploits of Peter I of Lusignan, kingof Cyprus and Jerusalem, new Godefrey of Bouillon ; it was written by Guillaume de Machaut around 1370, justafter Peter’s murder; this murder moved deeply the French people, and the West, which was moreover in crisis.This chronicle, at the same time historical, epic, eulogistic, hagiographic, lyric, was wrotten by a known andrecognized author at the end of his life: this royal biography can be considered as his testament, a crowning ofhis works. The Take of Alexandria is the story of a crusade, a crusade not anymore on battlefields, but in royaland papal courts; not in acts anymore, but in words; a crusade which overshadows the trades exchanges too; thecrusade of a poet: Machaut composed here a real satire of his time.Through our study, we hope to discover or rediscover this underrated work; we will provide original text andtranslation, descriptions of the manuscripts, a biography of the author and a presentation of his work, a literaryreview and a linguistic study, critical notes, a glossary, an index, a list of proverbs, a count on historical events,and a comprehensive bibliography.

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advancements in Old Testament and New Testament Studies. For example, new knowledge is available on the variant versions of the Septuagint and application of the literary concept of intertextuality has yielded significant results in recent biblical scholarship. However, considering that 1 Peter arguably uses the Old Testament in the most condensed manner of all the New Testament writings, it is surprising that relatively few recent studies have been carried out on the use of the Old Testament in 1 Peter. As a partial corrective to this situation, this in-depth study is focused on the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter, utilizing an integrated hermeneutical procedure that combines traditional grammatical-historical analysis with the state of the art on New Testament use of the Old Testament. The aim is to clarify the hermeneutical implications of the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter for Old Testament and New Testament exegesis within the Reformed tradition today. Thus, a comprehensive exegetical approach is systematically applied to each pericope of 1 Peter and to every relevant Psalm passage in order to establish a valid foundation for understanding how the author interprets the Psalms and how the Psalm references function within the argument of 1 Peter. In addition, intertextual resonance is considered as an effective means to enhance understanding of the function and effect of Psalm references as intended by the author, and to determine the possible unintended effect of Psalm references upon the addressees and later readers. Furthermore, consideration of reader response sometimes makes it possible to identify echoes of Psalm passages not likely intended by the author, but nevertheless, very likely to have come to the minds of the recipients with significant effect. One conclusion of this study is that there is no compelling evidence that the author’s interpretation of the Psalms ignored the intended meaning of the Psalm in its own context, or merely reflected contemporary Second Temple interpretations. Furthermore, it has been possible to refine the criteria for identifying and classifying Psalm allusions rather than merely following broad, predetermined criteria. Thus, a distinction is made between specific allusion, in which case the author’s argument depends upon recognition of specific Psalm passages, and general allusion, in which case the author’s argument depends upon a concept recognizably derived from the Psalms but not limited by the wording of specific references. This study also demonstrates that the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter is based upon a strong sense of solidarity with believers of the past, especially as they expressed their responses to God in the context of suffering. In particular, compared with other New Testament writings, 1 Peter stands out for the fact that the majority of its Psalm allusions are used for the purpose of developing and reapplying significant themes. Thus, 1 Peter provides compelling reason for present-day interpreters to view theme development as a valid and effective way to apply the Psalms to the circumstances of Christian believers as they face the challenge of living faithfully in new contexts of suffering and persecution. / PhD (New Testament), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

advancements in Old Testament and New Testament Studies. For example, new knowledge is available on the variant versions of the Septuagint and application of the literary concept of intertextuality has yielded significant results in recent biblical scholarship. However, considering that 1 Peter arguably uses the Old Testament in the most condensed manner of all the New Testament writings, it is surprising that relatively few recent studies have been carried out on the use of the Old Testament in 1 Peter. As a partial corrective to this situation, this in-depth study is focused on the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter, utilizing an integrated hermeneutical procedure that combines traditional grammatical-historical analysis with the state of the art on New Testament use of the Old Testament. The aim is to clarify the hermeneutical implications of the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter for Old Testament and New Testament exegesis within the Reformed tradition today. Thus, a comprehensive exegetical approach is systematically applied to each pericope of 1 Peter and to every relevant Psalm passage in order to establish a valid foundation for understanding how the author interprets the Psalms and how the Psalm references function within the argument of 1 Peter. In addition, intertextual resonance is considered as an effective means to enhance understanding of the function and effect of Psalm references as intended by the author, and to determine the possible unintended effect of Psalm references upon the addressees and later readers. Furthermore, consideration of reader response sometimes makes it possible to identify echoes of Psalm passages not likely intended by the author, but nevertheless, very likely to have come to the minds of the recipients with significant effect. One conclusion of this study is that there is no compelling evidence that the author’s interpretation of the Psalms ignored the intended meaning of the Psalm in its own context, or merely reflected contemporary Second Temple interpretations. Furthermore, it has been possible to refine the criteria for identifying and classifying Psalm allusions rather than merely following broad, predetermined criteria. Thus, a distinction is made between specific allusion, in which case the author’s argument depends upon recognition of specific Psalm passages, and general allusion, in which case the author’s argument depends upon a concept recognizably derived from the Psalms but not limited by the wording of specific references. This study also demonstrates that the use of the Psalms in 1 Peter is based upon a strong sense of solidarity with believers of the past, especially as they expressed their responses to God in the context of suffering. In particular, compared with other New Testament writings, 1 Peter stands out for the fact that the majority of its Psalm allusions are used for the purpose of developing and reapplying significant themes. Thus, 1 Peter provides compelling reason for present-day interpreters to view theme development as a valid and effective way to apply the Psalms to the circumstances of Christian believers as they face the challenge of living faithfully in new contexts of suffering and persecution. / PhD (New Testament), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014