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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Neutronics analyses for fast spectrum nuclear systems and scenario studies for advanced nuclear fuel cycles

Grasso, Giacomo <1980> 17 May 2010 (has links)
The present PhD thesis summarizes the three-years study about the neutronic investigation of a new concept nuclear reactor aiming at the optimization and the sustainable management of nuclear fuel in a possible European scenario. A new generation nuclear reactor for the nuclear reinassance is indeed desired by the actual industrialized world, both for the solution of the energetic question arising from the continuously growing energy demand together with the corresponding reduction of oil availability, and the environment question for a sustainable energy source free from Long Lived Radioisotopes and therefore geological repositories. Among the Generation IV candidate typologies, the Lead Fast Reactor concept has been pursued, being the one top rated in sustainability. The European Lead-cooled SYstem (ELSY) has been at first investigated. The neutronic analysis of the ELSY core has been performed via deterministic analysis by means of the ERANOS code, in order to retrieve a stable configuration for the overall design of the reactor. Further analyses have been carried out by means of the Monte Carlo general purpose transport code MCNP, in order to check the former one and to define an exact model of the system. An innovative system of absorbers has been conceptualized and designed for both the reactivity compensation and regulation of the core due to cycle swing, as well as for safety in order to guarantee the cold shutdown of the system in case of accident. Aiming at the sustainability of nuclear energy, the steady-state nuclear equilibrium has been investigated and generalized into the definition of the ``extended'' equilibrium state. According to this, the Adiabatic Reactor Theory has been developed, together with a New Paradigm for Nuclear Power: in order to design a reactor that does not exchange with the environment anything valuable (thus the term ``adiabatic''), in the sense of both Plutonium and Minor Actinides, it is required indeed to revert the logical design scheme of nuclear cores, starting from the definition of the equilibrium composition of the fuel and submitting to the latter the whole core design. The New Paradigm has been applied then to the core design of an Adiabatic Lead Fast Reactor complying with the ELSY overall system layout. A complete core characterization has been done in order to asses criticality and power flattening; a preliminary evaluation of the main safety parameters has been also done to verify the viability of the system. Burn up calculations have been then performed in order to investigate the operating cycle for the Adiabatic Lead Fast Reactor; the fuel performances have been therefore extracted and inserted in a more general analysis for an European scenario. The present nuclear reactors fleet has been modeled and its evolution simulated by means of the COSI code in order to investigate the materials fluxes to be managed in the European region. Different plausible scenarios have been identified to forecast the evolution of the European nuclear energy production, including the one involving the introduction of Adiabatic Lead Fast Reactors, and compared to better analyze the advantages introduced by the adoption of new concept reactors. At last, since both ELSY and the ALFR represent new concept systems based upon innovative solutions, the neutronic design of a demonstrator reactor has been carried out: such a system is intended to prove the viability of technology to be implemented in the First-of-a-Kind industrial power plant, with the aim at attesting the general strategy to use, to the largest extent. It was chosen then to base the DEMO design upon a compromise between demonstration of developed technology and testing of emerging technology in order to significantly subserve the purpose of reducing uncertainties about construction and licensing, both validating ELSY/ALFR main features and performances, and to qualify numerical codes and tools.
112

Darbo sutarčių su asmenimis iki 18 metų sudarymo ir vykdymo ypatumai / Employment contracts with persons under 18: specifics of conclusion and execution

Berniūnas, Mindaugas 27 June 2014 (has links)
Šiame magistro darbe nagrinėjami svarbiausi nepilnamečių asmenų darbo sutarties sudarymo ir vykdymo klausimai Lietuvos darbo teisėje. Darbuotojas yra centrinė darbo santykių figūra, kurio gebėjimas būti darbo santykių subjektu (teisnumas ir veiksnumas) priklauso nuo jo amžiaus. Lietuvoje darbuotojais gali tapti ir asmenys, nesulaukę 18 metų. Tačiau nepilnamečiai asmenys darbo įstatymų priskiriami prie labiausiai pažeidžiamų asmenų kategorijos, todėl tokiems darbuotojams nustatyta nemažai garantijų, lengvatų, bei įvairių išimčių iš bendrųjų taisyklių. Specialus teisinis reguliavimas nustatytas atžvelgiant į nepilnamečių asmenų specifines ypatybes: fizinį ir protinį neišsivystymą, nepatyrimą, pareigą mokytis mokykloje. Šiomis priemonėmis siekiama suteikti šiems asmenims galimybę įgyvendinti teisę į darbą, apsaugant juos nuo galimų fizinių ir moralinių pavojų. Galima teigti, kad nepilnamečių teisinis reglamentavimas yra kilęs iš tarptautinio pobūdžio teisės aktų, kurie priimami Jungtinių Tautų organizacijos, TDO, Europos tarybos ir Europos sąjungos lygmenimis. Šiuose aktuose randamos tokios principinės nuostatos, kaip vaikų darbo draudimas, nepilnamečių apsauga nuo sunkaus ir pavojingo darbo, minimalaus amžiaus kriterijai ir kt. Pažymėtina, kad Lietuvos darbo teisė visiškai atitinka minėtus reikalavimus. Dirbantys nepilnamečiai Lietuvos darbo įstatymų skirstomi į vaikus (14-16m.) ir paauglius (16-18m.), kurių teisinis statusas skiriasi. Paaugliai priskiriami darbingo amžiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This master thesis addresses the most important Lithuanian labor law work of minors issues, considering the international level of the particular regulation. An employee is the central figure of the employment relationship, whose ability to be employment subject (legal capacity) depends on his age. In Lithuania may become employees also persons under 18 years of age. However, labor laws, such persons assign to the most vulnerable categories of workers, therefore the minors have so many guarantees, incentives, and various exceptions to general rules. A special legal regulation established with a view to such minors specificities like physical and mental underdevelopment, inexperience, the obligation to attend school. The aim of this regulation is to give these individuals the opportunity to realize their right to work, protecting them from potential physical and moral hazards. It can be stated that the legal regulation of minors is derived from the international nature of the law who are admitted to United Nations, ILO, the European Council and European Union levels. These regulations are found in the principal provisions like the ban on child labor, protection of minors from the hard and dangerous work, minimum age and other criteria. It should be noted that the Lithuanian labor law is in full compliance with these requirements. Serving minors Lithuanian labor laws are divided into children (14-16 yr.) and adolescents (16-18 yr.). Whose legal status is different. Adolescents... [to full text]
113

Régulation de la production de chimiokines induite par des stimuli inflammatoires chez les neutrophiles humains rôle des phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks), des MAP kinase interacting kinases (MNKs), et de l'interleukine (IL)-18

Fortin, Carl January 2010 (has links)
Les neutrophiles produisent plusieurs médiateurs peptidiques contribuant à l'inflammation lors de la réponse immunitaire contre les agents infectieux. Ces médiateurs sont encodés par des gènes dont la transcription est strictement régulée. Alors que ces facteurs de transcription sont bien connus, les voies de signalisation causant l'activation transcriptionnelle, ainsi que l'initiation de la traduction des chimiokines, sont moins bien caractérisées chez les neutrophiles humains. En conséquence, nous avons caractérisé le rôle de la PI3K dans cette réponse. L'inhibition de la PI3K par le LY294002 a considérablement réduit la sécrétion de chimiokines. La nucléofection de dominant-négatifs des sous-unités de la PI3K dans la lignée cellulaire PLB-985 différenciée en neutrophiles a confirmé ces résultats. D'autre part, le LY294002 a drastiquement inhibé l'expression génique de certaines chimiokines sans influencer l'activation des facteurs de transcription. Ceci a aussi été confirmé par la double nucléofection des dominants-négatifs et de promoteurs couplés à la luciférase. Ainsi, la PI3K affecte sélectivement la transcription de certaines chimiokines et module la traduction puisque le LY294002 inhibe la phosphorylation de protéines impliquées dans l'initiation de la traduction. Puisque les mécanismes contrôlant l'initiation de la traduction sont à peu près inconnus chez les neutrophiles, nous avons donc étudié la contribution de MNK I. Le CGP57380, un inhibiteur de MNK I, a fortement réduit la sécrétion de chimiokines. Ces données ont été confirmées par la nucléofection d'un dominant-négatif de MNK I dans la lignée cellulaire PLB-985 différenciée en neutrophiles. De plus, le CGP57380 n'influence pas l'expression génique des chimiokines. L'utilisation d'une coiffe synthétique mimant celle des ARNms nous a permis de déterminer que MNK I n'y est pas recrutée. Par contre, le CGP57380 diminue la phosphorylation de protéines impliquées dans le contrôle de l'initiation de la traduction. Nos résultats montrent que MNK I participe au contrôle de la traduction des chimiokines. Pour terminer, nous avons étudié la contribution de l'IL- 18 à la production de chimiokines. Nous avons tout d'abord détecté l'expression de l'IL- 18 en ARNm et au niveau protéique. De plus, bien que l'ARNm de l'IL- 18 soit inductible en réponse à plusieurs stimuli inflammatoires, seul le LPS peut induire sa sécrétion. Les neutrophiles sécrètent de façon constitutive l'IL-18 BP, l'inhibiteur naturel de l'IL-18, bien que cette sécrétion ne soit pas modulable. L'IL- 18 sécrété en réponse au LPS agit de façon autocrine sur les neutrophiles. En effet, le blocage de l'IL- 18 réduit considérablement l'expression et la sécrétion des chimiokines. En accord avec ces données, l'ajout d'IL-18 exogène induit l'expression et la sécrétion de plusieurs chimiokines en activant une signalisation intracellulaire semblable aux autres stimuli inflammatoires déjà étudiés. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats dévoilent de nouvelles interactions entre l'IL-18 et les neutrophiles. En conclusion, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont montré que les stimuli inflammatoires utilisent en partie la voie de la PI3K au niveau de la transcription; et, au niveau de la traduction, les kinases MNK I et PI3K pour induire la production de chimiokines par les neutrophiles humains. Ces molécules de signalisation pourraient donc représenter des cibles prometteuses pour des interventions thérapeutiques visant à abaisser la production de chimiokines dans des pathologies chroniques dans lesquelles les neutrophiles et leurs produits jouent un rôle prédominant.
114

El papel del corregidor en la constitución del Estado colonial: el caso de Arica a partir de los títulos de nombramiento, siglos XVII-XVIII

Acuña Miranda, Gabriela, López Meza, Eliana January 2014 (has links)
Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento. / Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia
115

Études sur le rôle d’IL-18 dans l’immunopathogénèse du SIDA

Samarani, Suzanne 08 1900 (has links)
Le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine ou VIH est l’agent qui cause le SIDA. Le VIH donne lieu à une dérégulation dans la production de certaines cytokines qui ont un rôle immunologique très important chez les patients infectés. L’IL-18, autrement nommé facteur inducteur d’IFN-γ, est une cytokine pro-inflammatoire qui affecte le système immunitaire de façon importante. Son activité est régulée par l’"IL-18 Binding Protein" (IL-18BP), une autre cytokine qui se lie avec l’IL-18 et inhibe son activité biologique. Des études ultérieures ont montré des niveaux élevés d’Il-18 chez les patients infectés par le VIH par rapport aux personnes saines. Cependant, aucune étude n’a été réalisée concernant la production d’IL-18BP chez ces patients. Due à sa relevance dans la régulation de l’IL-18, nous avons étudié l’effet de l’infection par le VIH sur l’équilibre entre ces deux facteurs et l’impact de cet équilibre sur l’homéostasie des cellules NK. Nous avons mesuré les taux de l’IL-18 et de l’IL-18BP circulantes dans les sérums des patients infectés par le VIH en les comparants avec le même nombre de personnes saines et séronégatives. Nous avons aussi déterminé le nombre total des différents sous-types de cellules NK et analysé l’activité des cellules NK (Natural Killer). Finalement nous avons cherché à déterminer si l’IL-18 pouvait induire l’apoptose des cellules NK en activant l’expression de Fas ligand. Nos résultats nous démontrent que les patients infectés par le VIH ont trois fois plus d’IL-18 que les donneurs sains. Cependant les niveaux d’IL-18BP sont plus bas chez les patients infectés comparés aux donneurs sains. Alors, le ratio IL-18/IL-18BP est augmenté chez les patients infectés, ce qui entraîne une grande quantité d’IL-18 libre et biologiquement active circulante dans leur organisme. Nos études démontrent que chez ces patients, les concentrations d’IL-18 sont en corrélation négative avec l’activité cytotoxique de leurs cellules NK. Nos études in vitro démontrent que le traitement des cellules NK par l’IL-18 induit de façon fratricide leur apoptose en augmentant l’expression de Fas ligand. Finalement, cette production non coordonnée de ces deux facteurs pourrait contribuer à une immunopathologie induite par l’IL-18 en entraînant une apoptose fratricide des cellules NK qui possèdent un rôle important dans la réponse antivirale. Le dérèglement de l’homéostasie des cellules NK pourrait donc contribuer à la pathogenèse induite par le VIH. / HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, induces a deregulated production of several immunologically important cytokines in the infected persons. One of these cytokines is IL-18: a powerful proinflammatory cytokine that can regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In vivo, its activity is tightly regulated by IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP), another cytokine that specifically binds and neutralizes IL-18 with high affinity. Previous studies have shown that IL-18 concentrations are significantly increased in the circulation of HIV-infected AIDS patients compared to those in healthy people. However, it is not yet clear how the increased levels of this cytokine affect the development of AIDS in HIV infected persons. Furthermore, little is known concerning the production of IL-18 antagonist (IL-18BP) in these patients. These issues were addressed in the studies presented in this thesis. We measured levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP in the sera of HIV-infected patients by using commercial ELISA kits and compared them with the values obtained from a similar number of healthy HIV-seronegative persons. We also determined the absolute and total number of different NK cell subsets and NK cell activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of these individuals. Finally we determined the effects of recombinant human IL-18 as well as of IL-18-rich sera from AIDS patients on cytolytic activity and survival of human NK cells. Our results show that sera from HIV- infected patients contain up to 3 fold higher levels of IL-18 compared to the sera from healthy people. However, levels of IL-18BP were lower in the infected individuals compared to the healthy ones. Consequently, IL-18/IL-18BP ratio is increased in the patients resulting in a further increase in the concentrations of biologically active IL-18 in the circulation of these patients. Our results show that the concentrations of IL-18 correlated inversely with NK cell numbers as well as with their cytolytic activity in the infected persons. These results suggested the involvement of IL-18 in the disappearance of NK cells that prompted us to determine the potential cytocidal effects of this cytokine on human NK cells. The results from our in vitro experiments show that recombinant human IL-18 and IL-18-rich sera from AIDS patients caused apoptosis in a human NK cell line as well as in primary human NK cells. Anti-FasL antagonist antibodies inhibited this cell death. In a series of experiments, we found that IL-18 enhances expression of FasL but does not affect the expression of Fas on human NK cells. In vitro IL-18 also stimulated transcription from human FasL promoter. Furthermore, the cytokine also enhanced susceptibility of NK cells to Fas-mediated death, as it decreased the expression of an anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Our study shows that enhanced IL-18 bioactivity in HIV-infected patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS by disrupting NK cell homoeostasis.
116

A Computational Study on 18+δ Organometallics

Yu, Liwen 05 1900 (has links)
The B3LYP density functional has been used to calculate properties of organometallic complexes of Co(CO)3 and ReBr(CO)3, with the chelating ligand 2,3-bisphosphinomaleic anhydride, in 19- and 18-electron forms. The SBKJC-21G effective core potential and associated basis set was used for metals (Co/Re) and the 6-31G* basis set was used for all other elements. The differences of bond angles, bond distances, natural atomic charges and IR vibrational frequencies were compared with the available experimental parameters. The differences between the 19- and 18-electron systems have been analyzed. The results reveal that the 19th electron is mostly distributed over the ligand of 2,3-bisphosphinomaleic anhydride, although partially localized onto the metal fragment in 1 and 2*. Two different methods, IR-frequencies and natural atomic charges, were used to determine the value of δ. Present computed values of δ are compared with available experimental values, and predictions are made for unknown complexes.
117

Da casa grande da rua dos Pelames à casa nova da rua de Dom Gualdim

Pereira, Ana Maria Magalhães de Sousa January 1997 (has links)
Aborda-se o percurso da arquitectura civil bracrense desde o Maneirismo até ao Barroco tomando como referenciais duas casas, da rua dos Pelames e da rua de Dom Gualdim, as quais precisam limites crono-tipológicos. Para isso percorre-se a arquitectura urbana tanto do ponto de vista religioso como civil, na tentativa de arranjar modelos e referências.
118

Das Minas Gerais a Mato Grosso : génese, evolução e consolidação de uma capitania : acção de Caetano Pinto de Miranda Montenegro

Ferreira, Maria Delfina do Rio January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
119

Administração municipal e elites locais no concelho de Penafiel : 1770-1779

Guedes, Maria do Céu da Cunha Correia January 2000 (has links)
O nascimento da cidade de Penafiel é o ponto de partida deste trabalho que, cronologicamente, vai até ao ano de 1779. Os objectivos desta análise centram-se no exercício do poder municipal e no quotidiano da população do concelhia. Abraçou-se este tema na perspectiva ainda de identificar os interesses sócio-económicos patentes no poder político local. Para isso o autor detevesse nos homens que exerciam esse poder e na forma como mostravam ou não apetência para o exercício de cargos de governação. De forma sucinta analisou-se quem foi a "gente da governança" em Penafiel entre os anos de 1770-1179, como exerceram os cargos e como intervieram na comunidade.
120

Pintura nos séculos XVIII e XIX na galeria de retratos dos benfeitores da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Porto

Morais, Maria Antonieta Lopes Vilão Vaz de January 2001 (has links)
Este estudo baseou-se numa investigação sobre a pintura de retrato da colecção da Santa Casa da Misericórdia, de 1649 a 1867. O estudo da proveniência do retrato e de todos aqueles que por detrás deste estiveram ligados os artistas, os encomendadores e os próprios retratos, permitiu-nos a autenticação do retrato, baseado na documentação do Arquivo da Santa Casa, e o estudo dos pintores. Um estudo dos pintores. Um estudo sobre os benfeitores retratados levou-nos a compreender a importância de uma Instituição como a Santa Casa da Misericórdia e as pessoas que contribuiram para o seu desenvolvimento.

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