WEAR ANALYSIS OF HOT FORGING DIES ABACHI, Siamak M. S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Metin AKK&Ouml / K Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa lhan G&Ouml / KLER December 2004, 94 pages The service lives of dies in forging processes are to a large extent limited by wear, fatigue fracture and plastic deformation, etc. In hot forging processes, wear is the predominant factor in the operating lives of dies. In this study, the wear analysis of a closed die at the final stage of a hot forging process has been realized. The preform geometry of the part to be forged was measured by Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), and the CAD model of the die and the worn die were provided by the particular forging company. The hot forging operation was carried out at a workpiece temperature of 1100&deg / C and die temperature of 300&deg / C for a batch of 678 on a 1600-ton mechanical press. The die and the workpiece materials were AISI L6 tool steel and DIN 1.4021, respectively. The simulation of forging process for the die and the workpiece was carried out by Finite Volume Method using MSC.SuperForge. The flow of the material in the die, die filling, contact pressure distribution, sliding velocities and temperature distribution of the die have been investigated. In a single stroke, the depth of wear was evaluated using Archard&rsquo / s wear equation with a constant wear coefficient of 1&yen / 10-12 Pa-1 as an initial value. The depth of wear on the die surface in every step has been evaluated using the Finite Volume simulation results and then the total depth of wear was determined. To be able to compare the wear analysis results with the experimental worn die, the surface measurement of the worn die has been done on CMM. By comparing the numerical results of the die wear analysis with the worn die measurement, the dimensional wear coefficient has been evaluated for different points of the die surface and finally a value of dimensional wear coefficient is suggested. As a result, the wear coefficient was evaluated as 6.5&yen / 10-13 Pa-1 and considered as a good approximation to obtain the wear depth and the die life in hot forging processes under similar conditions.

Background The inducible Cre-lox system is a valuable tool to study gene function in a spatial and time restricted fashion in mouse models. This strategy relies on the limited background activity of the modified Cre recombinase (CreER) in the absence of its inducer, the competitive estrogen receptor ligand, tamoxifen. The RIP-CreER mouse (Tg (Ins2-cre/Esr1) 1Dam) is among the few available β-cell specific CreER mouse lines and thus it has been often used to manipulate gene expression in the insulin-producing cells of the endocrine pancreas. Principal Findings Here, we report the detection of tamoxifen-independent Cre activity as early as 2 months of age in RIP-CreER mice crossed with three distinct reporter strains. Significance Evidence of Cre-mediated recombination of floxed alleles even in the absence of tamoxifen administration should warrant cautious use of this mouse for the study of pancreatic β-cells.

Appropriate reactions toward emotional stimuli depend on the distribution of prefrontal attentional resources. In mid-adolescence, prefrontal top-down control systems are less engaged, while subcortical bottom-up emotional systems are more engaged. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to follow the neural development of attentional distribution, i.e. attending versus ignoring emotional stimuli, in adolescence. 144 healthy adolescents were studied longitudinally at age 14 and 16 while performing a perceptual discrimination task. Participants viewed two pairs of stimuli – one emotional, one abstract – and reported on one pair whether the items were the same or different, while ignoring the other pair. Hence, two experimental conditions were created: "attending emotion/ignoring abstract" and "ignoring emotion/attending abstract". Emotional valence varied between negative, positive, and neutral. Across conditions, reaction times and error rates decreased and activation in the anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus increased from age 14 to 16. In contrast, subcortical regions showed no developmental effect. Activation of the anterior insula increased across ages for attending positive and ignoring negative emotions. Results suggest an ongoing development of prefrontal top-down resources elicited by emotional attention from age 14 to 16 while activity of subcortical regions representing bottom-up processing remains stable.

Shanghai est une ville unique qui a joué un rôle très important dans le mouvement d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation en Chine. Shanghai a toujours été à une intersection multiculturelle. Ses conditions géographiques, financières et de transport a favorisé une dynamique d’investissement et la modernisation industrielle. Dans le même temps, le développement de l'industrie a accéléré l’urbanisation de Shanghai. Dans ce processus, le patrimoine industriel de la ville a contribué à structuré les espaces en livrant des surfaces de revitalisation notamment le long d’une ligne qui longe la rivière Huangpu. Ces différents héritages (surfaces, usines, bâtiments…) ont joué un rôle clé dans l’activité industrielle de Shanghai et son urbanisation contemporaine. La protection et la réutilisation du patrimoine ont toujours été des sujets importants dans le développement urbain et font pleinement partie du renouveau de la ville. A ce titre Shanghai est certainement une ville archétype pour étudier certaines formes de patrimonialisation en Chine.Avec un déclin de certaines industries traditionnelles, les anciens bâtiments et les zones de friches industrielles deviennent une partie inévitable de l'ensemble du processus de re-planification urbaine. Le succès ou l'échec de ces réhabilitations dépend de l'environnement direct lié à l’urbanisme et des orientations du développement économique. Il ne fait aucun doute que le patrimoine « moderne » de Shanghai joue un rôle crucial dans le positionnement urbain de Shanghai. Le potentiel de conversion du patrimoine industriel s’avère d’une exceptionnelle qualité et son étude reste fondamentale quant à la compréhension d’une ville créative.Cette thèse part d’un cadre théorique combiné avec les tendances et le statut de la protection du patrimoine industriel en Chine. Les lois et règlements en vigueur à Shanghai concernant la protection du patrimoine industriel et des bâtiments industriels sont présentés. Les notions de « patrimoine industriel », de « patrimoine bâti industriel » et de « régénération urbaine » sont clairement définies. Le travail analyse six cas concrets de réhabilitation pour appréhender une stratégie d’extraction des valeurs patrimoniales. La protection du patrimoine industriel à Shanghai est évaluée du point de vue de la continuité, de l'intégrité et de l'authenticité. Enfin la thèse aborde les composantes et les modes de protection de la valeur technologique du patrimoine industriel. Il met en évidence la motivation pour combiner le patrimoine industriel et les industries culturelles et créatives au regard de la politique de la ville, du marché et des espaces. Tout cela agit sur le mécanisme de transformation de la valeur patrimoniale.Cette thèse a aussi pour objectif de présenter l'histoire du développement de ces entreprises créatives bien connues à Shanghai, d'analyser les facteurs contribuant à leur transformation. Bien qu'au sens strict du terme, ils n'appartiennent plus vraiment à la catégorie du « patrimoine industriel », ces nouveaux lieux feront-ils l’objet d’une seconde patrimonialisation ? Leur transformation et leur rénovation font également partie de l'histoire et devront être entièrement documentés. Si l'histoire humaine de la civilisation industrielle est un livre épais, la signification de cette étude est d'ajouter plus de contenu à ce livre pour les générations futures. / Shanghai is a unique city that has played an important and surprising role in the development of modern Chinese cities and industries. Shanghai has always stood at a multicultural intersection. Its geographical, financial and transportation conditions provide a favorable environment for modern industrial development. At the same time, the development of modern industry accelerated the modernization of Shanghai's urban development. In this process, Shanghai's modern industrial heritage has formed a mix of lines and surfaces. Surfaces refer to the modern concession area dominated by the old public concession area. Lines refer to the industrial heritage belt running along Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. This modern heritage played a key role in Shanghai’s transformation and its establishment as a modern industrial center. Shanghai is thus the most typical city for studying modern Chinese industrial sites.Heritage protection and reuse have always been important subjects in urban development and renewal. With the decline of past industrial zones, old industrial sites become an inevitable part of global urban re-planning. Success or failure depends on the urban environment and future economic development. This paper begins with theoretical research combined with industrial heritage protection trends in China and internationally, defines the research scope, and develops the overall research framework. Cases are selected based on historical research and Shanghai's industrial heritage protection and regeneration is examined through case studies. Heritage value and regeneration design strategy are then developed. Specific content includes:Firstly, theoretical research definitions of "industrial heritage", "industrial building heritage" and "urban regeneration" are presented. Shanghai’s historical industrial development is then reviewed and summarized.Secondly, Shanghai's representative industry is presented with its heritage protection and reuse cases. Based on historical research, six typical cases were selected from the different periods of Shanghai industrial development, the distribution characteristics of these industrial sites, and the reuse status.Thirdly, based on case analysis, Shanghai’s existing laws and regulations related industrial heritage and building protection are presented. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai is evaluated from the perspectives of continuity, integrity, and authenticity. Three aspects of Shanghai's industrial heritage are introduced: distribution, quantity, and style. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai and the mode and existing problems of regeneration are then summarized.Fourthly, the components and protection modes of industrial heritage are discussed. This highlights the motivation for combining industrial heritage and cultural and creative industries in terms of policy, markets, space, and culture. Then, from the "creative city" perspective, this thesis interprets the legal system and transformation mechanism of heritage value.Finally, the three main aspects of industrial regeneration design are discussed: global re-planning, building regeneration, and landscape reconstruction.This thesis presents the development of these well-known Shanghai industries to analyze the factors contributing to their transformation and to see if the transformation strategy is appropriate. Although, in the strict sense, they do not yet belong to the "industrial heritage" category, only becoming part of this heritage as time passes. Their transformation and renovation is also historic and should be fully documented. Which policies and measures are correct and which should be revised? This may well be repeatedly reviewed and judged in the future. Some theories in this paper may also need more time to assess and perfect. If the history of industrial civilization is a thick book, the significance of this study is to add more content for future generations.

This study is conducted for the design and analysis of pressure vessels and associated pressurized equipment using various codes and methods. A computer software is developed as the main outcome of this study, which provides a quick and comprehensive analysis by using various methods utilized in codes and standards together with theoretical and empirical methods which are widely accepted throughout the world. Pressure vessels are analyzed using ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, whereas auxiliary codes, especially ASCE and AISC codes are utilized for structural analyses of these equipment. Effect of wind, seismic, and other types of loadings are also taken into consideration in detail, with dynamic analyses. Support structures and their auxiliary components are also items of analysis. Apart from pressure vessels, many pressurized process equipments that are commonly used in the industy are also included in the scope of the study. They include safety valves which are an integral part of those kinds of pressurized or enclosed systems, two of the heat exchanger components with great importance -tubesheets and expansion joints-, and API 650 tanks for oil or water storage. The computer software called as VESSELAID is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 using SI units. Design and analysis methods of VESSELAID are based on various code rules, recommended design practices and alternative approaches.

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A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura de Dom Casmurro voltada à compreensão da abordagem das relações conjugais apresentada no romance, publicado em 1900. Nesse momento, o Brasil dava os primeiros passos na construção do direito de família, principalmente através da publicação do Decreto 181/90 que dispunha, principalmente, a respeito do casamento civil. A história de Bento Santiago e Capitu, narrada por Dom Casmurro, apesar de se passar alguns anos antes desse momento histórico, nitidamente, dá conta do movimento social, do qual faz parte a feição normativa citada. Literatura e Direito, sob essa perspectiva, acabam adquirindo feições muito próximas, eis que estão impregnadas dessa matéria social. A observação da forma como se apresenta o casamento e as relações daí decorrentes, sob a pena do narrador que se propõe, em Dom Casmurro, a contar a sua própria história, servirá como instrumento compreensão do romance e da possível contextualização das noções jurídicas nele colocadas. / This work presents a reading of Dom Casmurro focused on understanding the approach of conjugal relationships presented in the novel , published in 1900 . In that period, Brazil took its first steps in the construction of family law , particularly through the publication of Decree No. 181/90 , which had mainly about civil marriage. The story of Bento Santiago and Capitu, narrated by Dom Casmurro , despite spending a few years before that historic moment , clearly , gives an account of the social movement , which is part of the normative aspect mentioned. Literature and Law, from this perspective , end up getting very close to the features as they develop and are impregnated this social issue. The observation of the way it presents marriage and relationships arising therefrom , under the penalty of the narrator proposes that , in Dom Casmurro , tell their own story , will serve as a tool for understanding the novel and the possible context of legal concepts placed in it.

A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura de Dom Casmurro voltada à compreensão da abordagem das relações conjugais apresentada no romance, publicado em 1900. Nesse momento, o Brasil dava os primeiros passos na construção do direito de família, principalmente através da publicação do Decreto 181/90 que dispunha, principalmente, a respeito do casamento civil. A história de Bento Santiago e Capitu, narrada por Dom Casmurro, apesar de se passar alguns anos antes desse momento histórico, nitidamente, dá conta do movimento social, do qual faz parte a feição normativa citada. Literatura e Direito, sob essa perspectiva, acabam adquirindo feições muito próximas, eis que estão impregnadas dessa matéria social. A observação da forma como se apresenta o casamento e as relações daí decorrentes, sob a pena do narrador que se propõe, em Dom Casmurro, a contar a sua própria história, servirá como instrumento compreensão do romance e da possível contextualização das noções jurídicas nele colocadas. / This work presents a reading of Dom Casmurro focused on understanding the approach of conjugal relationships presented in the novel , published in 1900 . In that period, Brazil took its first steps in the construction of family law , particularly through the publication of Decree No. 181/90 , which had mainly about civil marriage. The story of Bento Santiago and Capitu, narrated by Dom Casmurro , despite spending a few years before that historic moment , clearly , gives an account of the social movement , which is part of the normative aspect mentioned. Literature and Law, from this perspective , end up getting very close to the features as they develop and are impregnated this social issue. The observation of the way it presents marriage and relationships arising therefrom , under the penalty of the narrator proposes that , in Dom Casmurro , tell their own story , will serve as a tool for understanding the novel and the possible context of legal concepts placed in it.

A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura de Dom Casmurro voltada à compreensão da abordagem das relações conjugais apresentada no romance, publicado em 1900. Nesse momento, o Brasil dava os primeiros passos na construção do direito de família, principalmente através da publicação do Decreto 181/90 que dispunha, principalmente, a respeito do casamento civil. A história de Bento Santiago e Capitu, narrada por Dom Casmurro, apesar de se passar alguns anos antes desse momento histórico, nitidamente, dá conta do movimento social, do qual faz parte a feição normativa citada. Literatura e Direito, sob essa perspectiva, acabam adquirindo feições muito próximas, eis que estão impregnadas dessa matéria social. A observação da forma como se apresenta o casamento e as relações daí decorrentes, sob a pena do narrador que se propõe, em Dom Casmurro, a contar a sua própria história, servirá como instrumento compreensão do romance e da possível contextualização das noções jurídicas nele colocadas. / This work presents a reading of Dom Casmurro focused on understanding the approach of conjugal relationships presented in the novel , published in 1900 . In that period, Brazil took its first steps in the construction of family law , particularly through the publication of Decree No. 181/90 , which had mainly about civil marriage. The story of Bento Santiago and Capitu, narrated by Dom Casmurro , despite spending a few years before that historic moment , clearly , gives an account of the social movement , which is part of the normative aspect mentioned. Literature and Law, from this perspective , end up getting very close to the features as they develop and are impregnated this social issue. The observation of the way it presents marriage and relationships arising therefrom , under the penalty of the narrator proposes that , in Dom Casmurro , tell their own story , will serve as a tool for understanding the novel and the possible context of legal concepts placed in it.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01909.pdf: 4337748 bytes, checksum: 86acf59a272732a64c336ea3408816ec (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP