Officier de cavalerie originaire de la noblesse picarde, Armand de Caulaincourt (1773-1827) gravit rapidement tous les échelons de la cour consulaire puis impériale, devenant en 1804 grand-écuyer de l’Empire. Mais, malgré l’importance de ses fonctions curiales, Napoléon le destine à une carrière de diplomate. Après différentes missions, il le nomme ambassadeur de France en Russie, à la fin de l’année 1807. Fervent partisan de l’alliance de Tilsit, Caulaincourt participe à toutes les grandes négociations franco-russes mais doit assister à la lente dégradation des relations entre les deux empires. À son retour à Paris en 1811, son bilan politique est maigre. Sa défense opiniâtre du tsar Alexandre, mais surtout son opposition à la campagne militaire qui se prépare, irritent Napoléon. Elles lui permettent toutefois d’acquérir une nouvelle stature après le désastre de Russie : pour ses contemporains Caulaincourt devient l’« homme de la paix ». Une image que Napoléon réutilise lorsqu’il le charge de le représenter aux congrès de Prague (1813) et de Châtillon (1814). Le duc de Vicence, devenu ministre des Relations extérieures, ne parvient pas à faire accepter la paix ; il lui faut finalement négocier l’abdication de Napoléon et renoncer, après les Cent-Jours, à toute carrière politique. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur les archives personnelles de Caulaincourt et ses célèbres Mémoires, entend redonner toute son importance à cette figure majeure du Premier Empire, en insistant sur son action et sa pensée dans le domaine de la diplomatie. L’exemple de ce parcours devant permettre de contribuer à reconsidérer et réévaluer le rôle du personnel diplomatique napoléonien. / A cavalry officer born into Picardy's landed gentry, Armand de Caulaincourt rose rapidly through the ranks of the consular, and later the imperial court, to become in 1804 Grand Squire of the Empire. However, notwithstanding the importance of his curial functions, Napoleon destined him to a diplomatic career. After several missions, he was appointed as Ambassador of France to Russia (1807). Caulaincourt took part in all the major negotiations between France and Russia, but was forced to witness a slow breakdown in relations between the two Empires. At the time of his return to Paris in 1811, his political accomplishments were unimpressive. His stalwart defense of Tsar Alexander, and especially his opposition to the upcoming military campaign, were an irritation to Napoleon. Nevertheless, these stances allowed him to gain new stature after the disaster in Russia : in the eyes of his contemporaries, he became the “Peacemaker”, an image Napoleon used to his advantage by appointing him his representative at the congresses in Prague (1813) and in Châtillon (1814). The Duke of Vicenza, now Minister for Foreign Affairs, could not, however, broker an agreement in favour of peace : he was forced to negotiate Napoleon's abdication and to give up any hope of political career after the Hundred Days. This study, based on Caulaincourt's personal records and famous Memoirs, aims at restoring a major figure of the First French Empire to his due importance, while focusing on his action and thought in the field of diplomacy. The exemplary value of his career should also allow historians to reconsider and reevaluate the role of Napoleon's diplomatic personnel.

Le milieu du XVIIIe siècle marque une césure dans l'histoire du Canada. Après deux siècles de présence française, le pays passe sous domination anglaise à l’issue de la guerre de Sept Ans qui entraîne la fin de la Nouvelle-France. Ce changement de domination génère des bouleversements structurels dans le paysage social du pays, touchant particulièrement les élites, dont la plupart étaient officiers militaires chargés du maintien de l'ordre et de la domination sur le territoire et représentants du pouvoir royal gérant les structures et l'encadrement politique. Souvent nobles, elles offraient un code de conduite et un modèle culturel indéniable. La perte de la position centrale qu’elles occupaient dans la société canadienne pose la question de leur adaptation sous le régime anglais, étudiée au travers de l’exemple de la famille Salaberry. Cette famille, affiliée à la noblesse, proche du prince anglais Édouard duc de Kent, compte dans ses rangs un héros d’une bataille durant la guerre de 1812-1815 et présente un profil atypique. Cette étude, menée à partir des documents personnels dont une importante correspondance et de nombreux documents notariés, permet d'entrer dans l'intimité d'une famille de la noblesse canadienne-française du tournant du XIXe siècle, d'en dégager les comportements familiaux et sociaux ainsi que leurs évolutions, mais aussi d'étudier l'adaptation politique et professionnelle par la participation au fonctionnement du nouveau régime et l'acculturation du point de vue linguistique mais aussi religieux des élites sous les premières décennies du régime anglais au Québec. / The mid-eighteenth century marked a break in Canada's history. After two centuries of French presence, the country came under British domination at the end of the Seven Years' War after New France’s defeat. This shift in dominance brought about structural upheavals in the country's social landscape, particularly affecting the elites, most of whom were military officers in charge of maintaining order and domination on the territory, and representatives of the royal power. Often of noble origin, they embodied a code of conduct and an undeniable cultural model. The loss of the central position they hold in Canadian society raised the question of their adaptation under the British regime, which is studied in this thesis through the example of the Salaberry family. This family presents an atypical profile: it was affiliated with the French nobility but was close to the English prince Edward Duke of Kent and it counted among its ranks a hero of a battle fought during the war of 1812-1815. This study, based on personal documents, including a large correspondence as well as many notarized documents, allows to critically examine the intimacy of a family of the Canadian nobility at the turn of the 19th century. In doing so it helps to identify and trace the development of family and social behaviors. This case study also allows for an analysis of the political and professional adaptation of French elites through the participation in the workings of the new regime and their linguistic and religious acculturation during the first decades of the British regime in the Quebec Province.

樊善標. / 稿本(電腦打印本) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語文學部. / Gao ben (dian nao da yin ben) / Includes bibliographical references (p. 351-364). / Fan Shanbiao. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo yu wen xue bu. / 目綠 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 王筠《¨®Ơ文》學之淵源 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 王筠與《¨®Ơ文》訂段學 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 訂段氏校勘本文之誤（上） --- p.26 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.26 / Chapter 第二節 --- 正篆、重文類 --- p.29 / Chapter 第一小節 --- 删篆之誤（附未删正篆重文之誤> --- p.29 / Chapter 1. --- 同部、異部重文 --- p.29 / Chapter 2. --- 累增字 --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- 《說文》分據《詩》異文收字 --- p.44 / Chapter 4. --- 其他 --- p.51 / Chapter 5. --- 附未删正篆重文之誤 --- p.54 / Chapter 第二小節 --- 補篆之誤（附補重文之誤） --- p.67 / Chapter 1. --- 疏於審證 --- p.67 / Chapter 2. --- 不明說解例 --- p.72 / Chapter 3. --- 附補重文之誤 --- p.77 / Chapter 第三小節 --- 字形之誤 --- p.89 / Chapter 1. --- 未用金石材料 --- p.89 / Chapter 2. --- 不察字形取意 --- p.101 / Chapter 3. --- 不辨材料是非 --- p.111 / Chapter 4. --- 師心改字 --- p.117 / Chapter 第三章 --- 訂段氏校勘本文之誤（下） --- p.127 / Chapter 第一節 --- 說解類 --- p.127 / Chapter 第一小節 --- 誤校之類型 --- p.127 / Chapter 1. --- 誤改說形聲之語 --- p.127 / Chapter 甲 --- 删省聲 --- p.127 / Chapter 乙 --- 改形聲為會意 --- p.137 / Chapter 丙 --- 其他 --- p.141 / Chapter 2. --- 誤改讀若 --- p.143 / Chapter 3. --- 其他 --- p.149 / Chapter 第二小節 --- 誤校之原因 --- p.162 / Chapter 1. --- 不識被¨®Ơ解字義 --- p.162 / Chapter 2. --- 不知「一曰」多出後人 --- p.169 / Chapter 3. --- 不知非字者不出說解之例 --- p.178 / Chapter 4. --- 不明說解用意 --- p.189 / Chapter 5. --- 取證之誤 --- p.198 / Chapter 第四章 --- 訂段氏注釋之誤 --- p.213 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.214 / Chapter 第二節 --- 誤注之類型 --- p.214 / Chapter 第一小節 --- 誤釋字義及說解 --- p.214 / Chapter 第二小節 --- 誤立通例 --- p.235 / Chapter 1. --- 說解必用本字 --- p.235 / Chapter 2. --- 複舉字 --- p.250 / Chapter 第三小節 --- 引證及推理之誤 --- p.273 / Chapter 第四小節 --- 轉注義例及句讀之誤 --- p.299 / Chapter 第三節 --- 補充《¨®Ơ文注》 --- p.321 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論 --- p.332 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 《¨®Ơ文釋例》删「一曰」統計 --- p.343 / Chapter 附錄二： --- 《說文》「非字之形」出於說解统計 --- p.346 / 參考書目 --- p.351

文映霞. / "2005年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves 210-228). / "2005 nian 7 yue". / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Wen Yingxia. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 210-228). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 方以智生平及其著述 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《通雅》的撰寫背景 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究動機及方法 --- p.26 / Chapter 第二章 --- 《通雅》的體例 --- p.28 / Chapter 第一節 --- 釋「通雅」 --- p.28 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《通雅》卷目 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《通雅》的訓話特色´ؤ´ؤ因聲求義 --- p.48 / Chapter 第一節 --- 形、音、義的關係 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二節 --- 重視音變 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三節 --- 重視方言 --- p.58 / Chapter 第四節 --- 重視《洪武正韻》 --- p.62 / Chapter 第五節 --- 論假借 --- p.65 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.69 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《通雅》對《說文》之疏理 --- p.73 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《通雅》引《說文》之方式 --- p.73 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《通雅》論《說文》 --- p.77 / Chapter 第三節 --- 引《說文》爲證 --- p.94 / Chapter 第四節 --- 解《說文》之說 --- p.96 / Chapter 第五節 --- 糾《說文》之誤 --- p.101 / Chapter 第六節 --- 補《說文》之漏 --- p.115 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《通雅》與《說文解字注》 --- p.123 / Chapter 第一節 --- 校勘《說文》 --- p.124 / Chapter 第二節 --- 因聲求義 --- p.130 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.151 / 附錄凡例 --- p.154 / 附錄一《通雅》卷目 --- p.159 / 附錄二 《通雅》與其他「雅書」卷目比較表 --- p.160 / 附錄三《通雅》各卷引《說文》條目統計 --- p.165 / 附錄四《通雅》與大小徐本《說文》、《六書故》及《古今韻會舉要》對照表 --- p.167 / 附錄五《通雅》引戴侗《六書故》 --- p.193 / 附錄六《通雅》引徐鍇說 --- p.202 / 附錄七《段注》引戴個《六書故》 --- p.205 / 附錄八《段注》引黃公紹《韻會》 --- p.206 / 參考書目 --- p.210

Thèse (M.A.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2008. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 avril 2009). In ProQuest dissertations and theses. Publié aussi en version papier.

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This thesis analyzes the political career of Oran M. Roberts during the critical period from 1850 to 1873. Through a reassessment of Roberts's extensive personal papers in the context of modern historical scholarship, the author explains how Roberts's political philosophy reflected the biases and prejudices typical of his era, as well as his own material interests and ambitions. Topic areas covered include Roberts's position on the Compromise of 1850, his constitutional philosophy, his involvement in the secession movement in Texas (including his service as president of the state secession convention), his military career during the Civil War, his participation in Presidential Reconstruction, his views on Congressional Reconstruction, and his role in the process of "redemption" in Texas.

William Carey (1761-1834) and a printer from Derby--William Ward (1769-1823)--are central figures in discussions concerning missiology. Generally, the importance of Carey and Ward to the early formation of the Baptist Missionary Society (hereafter, BMS) and their ministry to Hindus are accepted points of conversation. Despite the existence of a large body of writings concerning their efforts in India, one of the most important aspects of Carey's and Ward's ministry remains unexplored. The primary goal of this dissertation is to address the two-part question: what was Carey's and Ward's understanding of Bengali Islam and what was their resulting ministry to Muslims in Bengal during the first twenty years of BMS efforts in India? This dissertation argues that Carey and Ward had a deeply-held interest in Muslim evangelization and carried out that interest in an active ministry to Muslims. The first chapter discusses the context within which Carey and Ward received the Particular Baptist inheritance that they took to India, surveys the current state of scholarship on Carey and Ward in relation to this dissertation, and establishes the research questions that this work addresses. Also, this chapter states the thesis of this work, which answers the research questions based upon the defined parameters. Chapter 2 establishes a framework through which one should interpret the ministry of Carey and Ward. This framework becomes the answer to the dissertation's secondary research question: they conducted their ministry to Bengali Muslims according to the Serampore Form of Agreement. Surveying the philosophy of missions that guided Carey and Ward provides an essential and foundational insight into their ministry to Muslims. The third chapter of this dissertation provides clarity concerning the theology and religious expression of Islam in Bengal as interpreted by Carey and Ward. In Bengal, these two missionaries found a deeply embedded relationship between Islam and the Indian caste system, which had tremendous implications for Bengali Islamic theology and practice. The fourth chapter of this dissertation addresses Carey's efforts to evangelize his Muslim neighbors in Bengal. Carey's established ministerial pursuits shaped Ward during his early ministry to Muslims. The model that Carey established included his pursuit of evangelizing Muslims personally, receiving the inquiries of Bengali Muslims, and a specific message to his hearers. Chapter 5 turns to William Ward's efforts to propel the ministry forward through his print ministry. His efforts enabled the BMS effort in Bengal to reach out to individuals through the means of print in ways that were inconceivable through personal interaction. Additionally, Ward participated in Muslim evangelism through consistent preaching and occasional debate as well as pastoral ministry over the budding Bengali church. The sixth chapter concerns a framework that Andrew Fuller and William Ward used to determine the best way to carry out Ward's print contribution discussed in chapter 5. Ward's print ministry caused turmoil in some situations, particularly in regards to his Muslim ministry, almost causing war between Britain and Denmark in late 1807. Fuller and Ward, despite this episode, sought to abide by a principle of selectively representing the missionaries' work in a particular way to their various reading audiences. Finally, the conclusion summarizes this dissertation's primary contributions to the field of Carey-Ward scholarship based on the material argued throughout this work. Truly, the ministry of Carey and Ward to Bengali Muslims is well represented in this work as restated in the conclusion.

The primary objective of this study is to re-tell the story of a largely neglected figure in the history of Christian missions in China, James Legge (1815-1897), from a modern missiological perspective. As a Scottish missionary from the Congregational (nonconformist) church background, Legge worked for the London Missionary Society in Hong Kong, a British Crown Colony, for almost thirty years. He later became the first Professor of Chinese at the Oxford University and probably the most important sinologist of the nineteenth century. This study tries to apply the "translation principle" proposed by A. F. Walls to illustrate that the career of Legge in scholarship, translation and evangelization has undergone a process of "conversion" and "transformation" which resulted in Legge' s constant revision of his viewpoints on Chinese cul tu re. Legge' s genuine appreciation and sympathetic understanding of the Chinese cultural heritage grew gradually and as a "converted" missionary Legge was willing to criticize severely the deed of all "Christian nations". Through the monumental task of translating the Chinese Classics into English, Legge not only served as a bridge-builder between two spheres of culture; he also came to the conclusion that the ancient religion of China was monotheistic and that the teaching of the Chinese sages like Confucius, Mencius, and Lao-tze (Laozi) would suggest valuable lessons to those who claimed themselves as Christians. He also declared that the terms "Shang Ti" (Shangdi) and "T'ien" (Tian) found in the Chinese Classics actually stood for the idea of the one true God in the Christian Scriptures. Several of Legge's Chinese colleagues like Ho Tsunshin (1817-1871), Wang Tao (1828-1897), and Hung Jen-kan (1822-1864) were involved in the two way translation of integrating Western ideas into the social, religious, cultural and political scene of nineteenth century China as well as assisting Legge to let the West know more about China. Moreover, though Legge failed to develop any kind of Chinese theology himself, with its emphasis on restoring one's historical past, his legacy still serves to remind the present-day Christians in mainland China and Hong Kong to remember and to revive their own cultural traditions. Along with all the overseas Chinese Christian communities, they have to dig their own wells so as to drink from their own spiritual fountains which would serve as a solid base for a more inculturated and liberating Chinese Christianity.

In the twentieth century the debate over the ideological origins of the founding period and early republic has resulted in a polarization of historical interpretations. Recently, the conflict has centered on historians who use either the liberal or classical republican paradigms to explain these eras. Scholars of the founding period have argued for the dominance of one political ideology or the other in the thought of important figures of this time. Unfortunately, this struggle has led to a narrow interpretation of arguably the greatest thinker in American History, James Madison. To the contrary, I hold Madison's thought was influenced by both liberal and classical republican ideas, and in this thesis I explore that interpretation.