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This thesis discusses the role of the "false Messiah" in modern Yiddish Literature. / The figure of the Messiah in Jewish religious imagination signifies the prophetic yearning for redemption at the end of days, but it also provoked hopes in a strong leader who will bring about social and political redemption. Based on historical models, literature from the twelfth to the twentieth century addressed these "false Messiahs" and in the modern period used them to define and illustrate contemporary catastrophe. / Shlomo Molcho by American Yiddish poet Aaron Glanz-Leyeles and Prince Reuveni by Soviet Yiddish author David Bergelson are two twentieth century poetic historic dramas based on two messianic figures of the sixteenth century. These two modern works are compared in relation to the respective authors' life and times, political and aesthetic outlook, and dramatic powers. The comparison shows the usefulness of the "false Messiah" in dramatizing and expressing difficult contemporary issues.

This work deals with the existence of a wide body of ballads in Italy during the romantic era. It disproves Giovanni Berchet's contention in his "Lettera semiseria", the manifesto of Italian Romanticism. He argued that Italy did not have popular literature and, being unaware of an existing tradition, he translated and proposed two of Burger's ballads as examples to be followed. / The first two chapters of this thesis concentrate on the origins of the popular ballad and its first occurrence in Italy. / The third chapter examines the major ballad writers in Italy. Particular attention is given to Luigi Carrer and Giovanni Prati. / The final chapters are a discussion of Italy's minor ballad writers, followed by a conclusion.

Haji Agus Salim (1884--1954) was an Indonesian Muslim political figure of the Nationalist Era (1908--1945). He was influential in two important associations; Sarekat Islam (SI-Islamic Union) and the Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB-Young Muslim Union). Salim was born into religious family and had a Western education. In 1915 when he joined the Sarekat Islam it was at the height of its popularity. Salim became so engrossed with its goals, that he devoted most of his life to it. As such, he was soon able to obtain a high-ranking position in it, and to help formulate the movement's strategies. This thesis presents a number of Salim's positions on politics which show his disagreement and criticism of the Dutch Colonial policy and its effects, as well as his advocacy of an Islamic approach to politics rather than "socialism" as advocated by communist members of the SI. These views aimed at the paramount goal of freeing Indonesia from the Dutch colonialism. His views on "Nationalism" can be gleaned from his exchange of polemics with Sukarno, later president of Indonesia. These polemics portrayed Salim as a nationalist who would not depart from a religious viewpoint. Finally, his involvement with JIB was a continuation of his desire to implement and promote Islamic values among Young Indonesian Muslims of Western education, whom he regarded as the future leaders of the country.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 malheiros_ps_me_mar.pdf: 245224 bytes, checksum: fb97e8447039d008867b42c98ec72be7 (MD5) / A antropologia, enquanto ciência do homem, sempre se defrontou com o paradoxo da unidade biológica do homem frente à diversidade cultural. A dissertação aborda esta importante questão: como definir um objeto, o Homem, se em toda parte o que se encontram são homens? Qual a especificidade e a singularidade do homem como objeto de estudos frente à pluralidade cultural? Não é uma questão fácil, nem tão pouco resolvida pela antropologia, o dilema perpassa o pensamento de diversos autores, e não apenas em obras antropológica, mas também filosóficas e psicológicas. Especificamente a questão é tratada aqui a partir do pensamento de dois expressivos antropólogos, Malinowski, com formação inicial em ciências exatas, que produziu sua obra na primeira metade do século XX e Geertz, que se graduou em filosofia e inglês e produziu sua obra na segunda metade do século XX. São considerados alguns aspectos da vida e da obra de ambos os autores, procurando evidenciar a importância do momento histórico em que viveram e das influências teóricas que receberam. Percebe-se a partir daí que a problemática toma rumos diversos, pois enquanto Malinowski argumenta que a cultura surge para atender a necessidades biológicas e derivadas e nos fala em uma natureza humana entendida em termos biológicos, Geertz entende que o homem é um artefato cultural em um duplo sentido, a cultura interferiu no processo evolutivo da nossa espécie e ela se constitui de um conjunto de mecanismos de controle que governa o comportamento e dá sentido à existência humana. / The anthropology, as a manþs science, has always faced the paradox of biological unity of man in front of cultural diversity. The dissertation approaches this important question: how to define an object, the Man, if in everywhere what we find are men? Which is the specificity and singularity of man as object of studies in front of cultural plurality? It is not an easy question, neither solved by anthropology, the dilemma goes through several authorsþ thought, and not only in anthropological, but also philosophical and psychological works. The question here is specifically treated from the thought of two expressive anthropologists, Malinowski, with initial formation in exact science, producing his work in the first half of 20th century and Geertz, graduated in philosophy and english, producing his work in the second half of 20th century. Some aspects of life and work of both authors are considered, bringing to evidence the importance of historical moment in which they lived and theoretical influences received. It is perceived from this that the problem takes several ways, because as Malinowski argues that the culture arises to attend biological and derived needs and tells us about a human nature comprehended in biological terms, Geertz understands that the man is a cultural artefact in a double way: the culture has interfered in the evolutive process of our species and it is constituted of a group of control mechanisms that guides the behavior and gives sense to the human existence.

This thesis deals with the life and work of Karel Dostal. The first chapter provides biographical data and tries to map his personality. The following chapters are devoted to his creative work in theatre and in film industry. The work is divided according to professional fields ? Karel Dostál as an actor and Karel Dostál as a director. Primary it is focusing on his scope in National Theatre, where Karel Dostál spent the longest part of his career. It describes several productions which he directed. Specifically selected productions are divided into several creative periods of his life, which carries significant changes in director´s handwriting. Most productions are supported by visual material and contemporary criticism. Another part of this thesis is an analysis of some of his roles in theatre and films. These descriptions of actor?s performance should serve as refutation of knowledge of Karel Dostál as an actor of small and inconsequential roles. Simultaneously, this thesis is pointing at whole range of raw material about fundamental personality of Czech theatre scene.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canaveze_r_me_assis.pdf: 733103 bytes, checksum: db56b486803146503c77f0662341e3e1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A presente dissertação visa a analisar as relações diplomáticas do Império do Brasil em meio à Guerra do Pacífico (1879-1883). Essa guerra foi motivada pela disputa de recursos minerais no deserto do Atacama e envolveu o Chile contra a Aliança de Peru e Bolívia. No caso do Brasil, sua participação restringiu-se ao campo diplomático, ainda que o Chile tenha buscado firmar uma aliança estratégica junto ao Império. Através dos Ofícios da Legação Imperial do Brasil no Chile, analisamos o posicionamento da diplomacia brasileira em meio à guerra e sua implicação no cenário sul-americano. Além disso, consultamos dois periódicos brasileiros, o Província de São Paulo e o Jornal do Comércio, com o objetivo de compreender a repercussão do conflito na imprensa do país, bem como o posicionamento de cada periódico na questão do Pacífico / The present dissertation aims to analyze the diplomatic relations of the Empire of Brazil in the midst of the War of the Pacific (1879-1883). This war was motivated by the dispute of mineral resources in the Atacama Desert and it has involved Chile against the Alliance of Peru and Bolivia. In the case of Brazil, its participation has restricted to the diplomatic area, even though Chile has tried to establish a strategic alliance with the Empire. Through the Trades of Imperial Legation of Brazil in Chile, we have analyzed the positioning of the Brazilian diplomacy in the midst of the war and its implication in the South-American scene. Besides this, we have consulted two Brazilian newspapers, Província de São Paulo (“The Province of São Paulo”) and Jornal do Comércio (“Journal of Commerce”), with the objective of comprehending the repercussion of the conflict in the press of the country, and also the positioning of each newspaper in the question of the Pacific

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coletti_v_dr_arafcl.pdf: 707885 bytes, checksum: 069b33ba98f4f89cda550621a5f79e19 (MD5) / Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise comparativa entre Les Fleurs du Mal, de Charles Baudelaire, e Eu, de Augusto dos Anjos, tendo como principal base teórica o grotesco enquanto manifestação artística. Talvez, na atualidade, poucos críticos tenham dúvida quanto à leitura, por parte de Augusto dos Anjos, de Les Fleurs du Mal. Mas isso não significa, de modo algum, cópia, ou influência tão direta, como já foi tão amplamente discutido. Uma leitura mais atenta mostra rumos diferentes, posturas diferentes, modos de chocar diferentes. Eis o ponto em que a análise das manifestações grotescas na obra de ambos se faz pertinente. Desta maneira, temos o grotesco como princípio de comparação, mostrando muito mais do que uma simples influência, mas uma gama de idéias que poderiam aproximar Augusto dos Anjos não apenas de Baudelaire, como também da tendência moderna que se delineou desde o poeta francês, e desde o Romantismo, e que seguiu dentro de algumas correntes vanguardistas rumo o século XX. Por outro lado, a análise tem como objetivo apontar diferenças que denotem tomadas de postura diversas que caracterizem a originalidade de cada poeta, e que mostrem, sobretudo no caso de Augusto dos Anjos, até que ponto as influências sofridas contribuíram para a formação da identidade de sua poesia, e até que ponto essas mesmas influências foram superadas para a criação de um livro tão intrigante quanto o Eu. / This thesis is about the analysis of Les Fleurs du Mal (Charles Baudelaire) and Eu (Augusto dos Anjos) using the grotesque as the main theorical principle while artistic manifestation. Perhaps, nowadays, few reviewers aren´t sure about Les Fleurs du Mal reading by Augusto dos Anjos, but it doesn´t mean a case of copying, or a direct influence, as it was discussed so often. A profound analysis may show different ways, different postures, and different manners of shocking. That´s the point in which the analysis of grotesque in both books becomes important. By this way, we have the grotesque as a principle of comparison, showing much more than a simple influence, but ideas that approximate Augusto dos Anjos not only to Baudelaire, but also to the Modern tendency that was created by that French poet and, before, by the Romanticism itself, following some avant-garde tendencies through XX century. On another hand, the analysis targets the differences that indicate several characteristics with denote the originality of each poet and reveals, mainly in Augusto dos Anjos’ case, how the suffered influences contributed to the identity of his poetry, and how these same influences were overcome to the creation of a so interesting book.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3443.pdf: 3086031 bytes, checksum: c152fe16b4f081620c279ca30b357d5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This work aims to understand the conditions that can lead to the formation of the scientific spirit applying investigative problems in theoretical classes of chemistry. The main theoretical reference that guided this research was Bachelard. Two types of investigative activities were prepared: the first one was related to the understanding of phenomena, in which case the students were asked to elaborate an explanation for the occurrence of that phenomenon, using scientific concepts and strategies to verify whether their hypothesis was consistent. The other type of investigation refers to the study of chemical processes developed by the human being and the students were asked to offer suggestions for procedure to solve the problem. In both cases few clues were given so that they could use. At the beginning of the year, a power point presentation was done to the students to defend the idea of the pleasure that studying can proportionate and an exercise was done to practice de elaboration of hypothesis and strategies of verification. After the teacher explain de concepts required to each investigation, an investigative activity was proposed to the students. At the follow week, after taking the answers back from the students, a group discussion was made in which the students were encouraged to expose their assumptions, strategies to check and criticize the ideas of colleagues. After each group discussion, students were interviewed. Teachers were interviewed at the beginning of the project, the end of first semester and the end of data collection. Students completed questionnaires at the beginning of the collection, during and at the end of the project. The research demonstrated that the application of theoretical problems in chemistry classes demonstrated ability to teach about the nature of science, as well as a very positive acceptance by students. Thus, it was observed that the investigative activities impacted in different ways in public and in private schools. The students in private schools used the concepts they learned to develop their hypotheses, showing greater academic efficiency. On the other hand, they showed less satisfaction and less freedom to innovate in their proposals. The public school students, in turn, felt more satisfaction in dealing with the project and showed greater freedom to create ideas, which has been hampered by observed conceptual problems. The data and results of this research allow suggesting that three factors contribute to the formation of the scientific spirit: knowledge about the nature of science; the domain of scientific concepts and a willingness to immerse themselves in scientific problems. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender as condições que podem levar à formação do espírito científico aplicando problemas investigativos em aulas teóricas de Química. O principal referencial teórico foi Bachelard. Foram elaborados dois tipos de atividades de investigação: o primeiro relacionado à compreensão de fenômenos, caso em que se solicitou aos estudantes que elaborassem uma explicação para a ocorrência daquele fenômeno, utilizando conceitos científicos e estratégias para verificar se sua hipótese era coerente. O outro tipo de investigação remete ao estudo de processos químicos elaborados pelo homem e os estudantes foram chamados a propor sugestões de procedimento para solucionar o problema. Em ambos os casos eram fornecidas algumas pistas que eles poderiam utilizar. No início do período letivo, uma apresentação em power point foi feita para os estudantes, para embasar a defesa do prazer que o estudo pode proporcionar e um pequeno exercício foi feito para praticar a elaboração de hipóteses e estratégias de verificação. Após o ensino, pelo professor, dos conceitos necessários a cada investigação, uma atividade investigativa era proposta aos estudantes. Na semana seguinte, após o recolhimento das folhas de atividade respondidas, realizava-se uma discussão coletiva, na qual se incentivava que os estudantes expusessem suas hipóteses, as estratégias de verificação e criticassem as ideias dos colegas. Após cada discussão coletiva, os estudantes eram entrevistados. Os professores foram entrevistados no início do projeto, ao final do primeiro semestre e ao final da coleta de dados. Os estudantes responderam questionários ao início da coleta, no decorrer e no final do projeto. A aplicação de problemas teóricos em aulas de Química apresentou potencial para ensinar sobre a natureza das ciências e uma aceitação bastante positiva pelos estudantes. Observou-se que as atividades de investigação impactaram de maneiras distintas nas escolas públicas e na particular. Nesta, os estudantes utilizavam os conceitos que aprendiam para elaborar suas hipóteses, evidenciando maior rendimento escolar, mas demonstraram menor satisfação em participar e menor liberdade para ousar em suas propostas. Os das escolas públicas sentiram maior satisfação em conviver com o projeto e mostraram maior liberdade de criação de ideias, o que foi prejudicado pelos problemas conceituais verificados. Assim, três fatores que contribuiriam para a formação do espírito científico: conhecimento sobre a natureza das ciências; domínio de conceitos científicos e disposição para a imersão em problemas científicos.