Th. 3e cycle--Litt. comp.--Paris 3, 1986.

The thesis is an attempt to refute the indictment of Storm's work as being sentimental and melancholy, arguing that such a judgment fails to take account of the writer's portrayal of tragedy in the final seventeen years of his life. Chapter One analyses a number of aspects of Storm's thought and experience which disposed him towards a tragic view of the world: this includes an examination of the possible impact of the popular philosophies of Feuerbach, the Materialists, Darwin and Schopenhauer, as well as the significance of his educational background, his career as a judge, and his attitude to family life, religion, politics and society. Chapter Two considers the aesthetic convictions underlying Storm's conception and portrayal of tragedy, looking also at the idea of the Novelle as a suitable medium for tragedy and at the relationship between the author's later work and the tragedies of Naturalism. Chapters Three to Five present a detailed study of six individual Novellen which treat themes representative of Storm's work. Chapter Three focuses on Storm's attitude to the destructive potential of prejudice and superstition in society, taking Renate (1878) and Ein Doppelganger (1886) as examples of "The Tragedy of Social Compulsion". Chapter Four investigates his pessimistic preoccupation with the subject of heredity, discussing John Riew' (1885) and Der Herr Etatsrat (1881) as cases of "The Tragedy of Genetic Compulsion". Chapter Five is entitled "The Tragedy of Personal Responsibility": it examines Ein Bekenntnis (1887) and Zur Chronik von Grieshuus (1883) as Novellen in which the leading characters incur specific moral guilt, and considers the nature and results of their attempts to atone for their crime.

BRAGA NETO, Edgar. Emigração Cearense entre 1888 e 1915: sentidos, controle e configuração social dos migrantes. 2012. 172f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-25T14:25:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-EBNETO.pdf: 1351291 bytes, checksum: e32fc28e748c7a4f709593ced76ed07a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-25T17:17:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-EBNETO.pdf: 1351291 bytes, checksum: e32fc28e748c7a4f709593ced76ed07a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-25T17:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-EBNETO.pdf: 1351291 bytes, checksum: e32fc28e748c7a4f709593ced76ed07a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This work aims to make a critique of the cearense emigration from the senses and meanings that were attributed to this emigration and emigrants by the Government and society. The object of study, limited in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, more precisely, between 1888 and 1915, a period of intense emigration to the South and to the western states of the North, demanded a historical – sociological research in documents with records and narratives related to the phenomenon in the period under study. It is through the so called “mutual interpenetration” between history and sociology that we seek to problematize the senses and meanings attributed to the cearense emigration, giving attention to the forms of social control organized by the Government to terminate with populacional displacement. This way, the category of social configuration, in the formulation of the German sociologist Norbert Elias, led us the necessary theoretical support for the contextualization of this investigate field. Therefore, we built a sociological criticism about this historical process of the cearense emigration, rescuing Key dimensions of the object of study: senses and meanings present in the different communicative vehicles of the epoch; explicit process about the phenomenon of emigration; quantification of emigrations who left during this historical period; and policy of social control that was adopted by the Government to secure the population of Ceará. For that reason, consequently, the criticism of the cearense emigration developed from theoretical and methodological tessituras between history and sociology, has made room to perceive and discuss certain issues to open analytical processes, for example: the emigration to the South of cearense people was not configured properly due to resizing of European and Asiatic imigrantismo; agrarian oligarchies of the country competed for the cearense work force; the concept of retirante is insufficient to represent the fractions of the social group of migrants, and the phenomenon of nomadism has no relation with the emigration cearense people. In fact, we designed this critical work of the cearense emigration, taking into consideration the tension between the different senses and meanings socially produced for understanding of this phenomenon in the course of the history of Ceará. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma crítica da emigração cearense, a partir dos sentidos e dos significados que foram atribuídos a esta emigração e a seus emigrantes pelo Governo e pela sociedade. O objeto de estudo, circunscrito no final do século XIX e começo do século XX, mais precisamente, entre 1888 e 1915, período este de intensa emigração para o Sul e para os Estados ocidentais do Norte, exigiu uma pesquisa histórico-sociológica com consultas de fontes históricas, pesquisa em documentos com registros e narrativas relativas ao fenômeno no período em estudo. É através, portanto, da “interpenetração mútua” entre história e sociologia que buscamos problematizar os sentidos e significados atribuídos à emigração de cearenses, adentrando nas formas de controle social organizadas pelo poder público para encerrar com esse deslocamento populacional. Para tanto, a categoria de configuração social, na formulação do sociólogo alemão Norbert Elias, propiciou-nos o suporte teórico necessário para a contextualização deste campo investigativo. Desta forma, construímos uma crítica sociológica sobre esse processo histórico da emigração cearense, resgatando dimensões chaves do objeto de estudo: sentidos e significados presentes nos diferentes veículos comunicativos da época; vias explicativas sobre o fenômeno da emigração; quantificação de emigrantes que saíram nesse período histórico; e política de controle social que foi adotada pelo poder público para fixar a população do Ceará. Portanto, a crítica da emigração cearense, construída a partir das tessituras teóricas metodológicas entre história e sociologia, viabilizou condições para perceber e discutir determinadas questões a abrir vias analíticas, cabendo destacar: a emigração de cearenses para o Sul não foi adequadamente configurada devido ao redimensionamento dado ao imigrantismo europeu e asiático; as oligarquias agrárias do país disputaram a mão de obra dos cearenses; o conceito de retirante é insuficiente para representar as frações do grupo social dos migrantes; e o fenômeno do nomadismo não tem relação com a emigração cearense. A rigor, estruturamos esta crítica da emigração cearense, tendo como fio condutor a tensão entre os diferentes sentidos e significados socialmente produzidos para o entendimento desse fenômeno no curso da história cearense.

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Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras,Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2008. / Submitted by Patrícia Nunes da Silva (patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-07T13:27:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MariaJeusilandeSousaCardoso.pdf: 600497 bytes, checksum: e83822dde41f208e1caa20ededfec9b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-08T13:16:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MariaJeusilandeSousaCardoso.pdf: 600497 bytes, checksum: e83822dde41f208e1caa20ededfec9b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-08T13:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MariaJeusilandeSousaCardoso.pdf: 600497 bytes, checksum: e83822dde41f208e1caa20ededfec9b4 (MD5) / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a complexidade estrutural do Livro do desassossego, de Fernando Pessoa, e alguns dos fragmentos que o compõem. Escrito em prosa poética, o livro apresenta-se como projeto inacabado e, justamente por essa natureza inconclusa, desperta muitos questionamentos acerca de sua composição, do gênero e do autor que o escreve. O poeta, por meio de seus hetero-autores, traça uma obra que se apresenta ora como narrativa sem fio condutor, ora como amontoado de trechos em que o devaneio e as divagações passeiam pelos fragmentos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work aims to analyze the structural complexity of Fernando Pessoa’s Livro do desassossego and some of it’s fragments. Written in poetic prose the book shows itself as an unfinished Project and, precisely for that, many questions are raised concerning it’s composition, genre and authorship. The poet, by his hetero-autores (different authors), tries to write something that shows itself ambiguously, now as a narrative without a guiding line, now as a bunch of text pieces in which the digressions and reveries wander about in the fragments.

Submitted by BKAB Setor Proc. Técnicos FGV-SP (biblioteca.sp.cat@fgv.br) on 2013-04-22T21:15:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1198602073.pdf: 2685371 bytes, checksum: ffe3c6bcb9a1a566b4b99c827e0121b1 (MD5) / Discutir o problema do capital financeiro na formação dos estágios iniciais do modo capitalista de produção no Brasil: eis a problemática que esta monografia se dispõe a enfocar. Discutir o capital financeiro é, paralelamente, discutir o Estado e o seu controle pelos diversos segmentos sociais que, frequentemente, possuem interesses antagônicos.

The present study investigates the grammatical and lexical aspects of Little Gidding in the perspective of the Firth-Halliday model and Halliday's functional theory of language. The primary purpose of the study is to bridge the gap between linguistic analysis and literary criticism; the secondary purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of the model as a stylistic tool. The Firth-Halliday model recognizes three scales and four categories in the description of the grammar of English. The three scales are rank (the hierarchical ordering of grammatical units from the most inclusive to the non-inclusive), delicacy (the scale of increasing detail of analysis); and exponence (the scale of exemplification). The four categories are unit, structure, class and system. Unit accounts for those stretches of language of varying extent or size which carry, recurrently, meaningful patterns. Structure is concerned with the nature of these patterns themselves. The category class arranges items in the language according to the way they operate in patterns, and the category, system accounts for those limited groups of possibilities from which choices are made at certain places in the patterns. In lexis, this model proposes two categories: collocation (the relation between one lexical item and the other with which it is associated), and lexical set (the grouping of items having the same range of collocations). The functional theory of language, on the other hand, can be broken down into three categories. The first is ideational (a function serving the expression of content); the second is interpersonal (language playing a communicative role); the third is textual (the function which establishes the relation between the text and the context). The practical analysis of Little Gidding is carried out with the above theoretical framework in the spirit of a linguist, while the selection of prominent features largely depends on the sensitivity and intuition of a literary critic. The grammar in the poem is analysed from sentence rank to word rank at the primary degree of delicacy, while the lexis is studied according to the notion of collocation and lexical set. From the grammatical study some prominent features in the poem emerge: first, the effect of balance at sentence, group and word rank; second, the preponderance of nominal groups; third, the deverbalization of the verbal groups. Two more features come to light as a result of the lexical study: the collocation, of the abstract item with the concrete and the element of polarity. Viewed from the general functions of language, the delay of the subject element in the clause structure and the abundance of adjuncts and complements are indicative of the poet's consciousness of the ideational component, while Eliot's shift of the pronoun you to we fulfils the interpersonal function. Textual function, however, is mainly achieved through the repetition of lexical items and the recurrence of the same lexical sets. Concerning the Firth-Halliday model, two problems merit consideration. They are the concept of rank and the lack of distinction between the function of a finite verb and a non-finite verb in a dependent clause. Yet the model's insistence that language should be described sytematically at all ranks does offer an auxiliary tool to practical criticism. In addition, its designation of all dependent clauses in traditional grammar as rankshifted clauses operating at group rank is an important step towards the functional relationship in the structure of language. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

T. S. Eliot's concern with the philosophy of time is evidenced from his earliest poetry. It is part of the development of his whole philosophy of life: his engagement with reality, his concept of consciousness, the function of history and myth in his life, and his concept of "something beyond", a harmony for which he is striving. Although Eliot was a serious student of philosophy, his poetry is not philosophical in the sense that he is recording already formulated ideas. The poetry, is itself part of the process, the working out and realization of his philosophy. Eliot's concept of time includes two streams which exist simultaneously, and which intersect at significant moments. These are time temporal, in which man must live his life in the changing phenomenal world, and the Timeless, noumenal world which he encounters in these significant moments. He may live in phenomenal time in either of two ways, without hope or purpose, so that he is "time-ridden", or he can live in time teleologically, striving for the understanding of the design into which he must fit in order to achieve the harmony of the still point at the intersection of time and the Timeless. The harmony toward which he is striving in his dialectic struggle in time is complete wholeness of personality and spiritual transcendence. Eliot's philosophy of time and consciousness develops in three stages. In The Waste Land period, in which man is time-ridden and unconscious, he is unable to confront time and create his own being by reconciling his present with his past or "other". In Ash Wednesday he sees his other for the first time through the Lady, the "anima" or primordial image of his own unconscious. She brings him hope and energy, and plunges him into the dialectic struggle in teleological time. Marina and the childhood memories of his "Landscape" poems give more "hints and guesses" and images for moments of "partial ecstasy". In Four Quartets he reconciles all the oppositions in his life and poetry to achieve the harmony of the transcendent still point. Eliot's medium for the progress through time and the development of consciousness is a series of protagonists through which the poet casts off masks of the self, surrendering himself as he is at the moment to something more valuable. Parallel to the poet's struggle in time to achieve the spiritual harmony of the Absolute, is his struggle in poetry to get the better of words. The conflict with words, his "raid on the inarticulate", is his struggle in time to find new ways to express changing concepts and, ultimately to present in poetry those "frontiers of consciousness beyond which words fail though meanings exist". The techniques which he uses to achieve these aims are the continuity and growing significance of his images, his symbolism and his "mythical method", the contrasting of the sterility of contemporary life with the living myth of earlier times. Finally, I believe that Eliot's achievement in Four Quartets is not necessarily the expression of Christian dogma, but that his striving in time for the harmony of the Absolute of the Timeless, and its realization in poetry, is an artistic creation which is his own private myth. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the characterization of the hero in the novels of Benjamín Jarnés. The novels considered are those written and published in Spain before the author's emigration at the time of the Civil War. The method used is direct analysis of the novels combined with reference to Jarnés' writing in other genres, particularly his criticism. The first-part of the thesis introduces Jarnés and his background. The main influences were his classical and theological education, the avant-garde movements of the 1920's, and the ideas of Ortega and Gasset. Jarnés rejected religion, metaphysics, puritanical morality, Romantic abstractions, and sentimentality in favour of humanism, sensual enjoyment, and a desire for lucidity and precision in intellectual activity and art. He was interested in psychoanalysis as a literary device for revealing character, and proposed that fiction should deal with all levels of consciousness. In presenting his characters Jarnés uses both an objective approach, which shows man's appearance and external behaviour, and a subjective approach, which penetrates inside the mind of individual characters. The psychological revelation is usually reserved for the main character of the novel for reasons of authenticity: the hero thus reflects everyone's inability to know others more than superficially. In Chapters III, IV, and V the main characters are studied in relation to three themes: love, intellectual activity, and the insignificance of the individual. Love is treated without sentimental idealization. Relationships are often temporary and nover perfect. The lover has two distinct attitudes to his mistress's body -- sexual and aesthetic; he derives pleasure both from detached, cerebral contemplation and from renunciation of the self in sexual passion. Intellectual activity is of great importance but it should be used in the service of vitality, not as the negation of it. Jarnés deplores pedantry. Introspection is necessary for discovering one's true self and remaining faithful to it, but if it leads to despair the mind must be diverted into more positive channels, or the senses must take over. The intellect becomes sterile unless combined with full use of other human attributes, for example, in a love affair. Reason has limitations, which must be admitted. Jarnés’ heroes are threatened with standardization and loss of individuality as their circumstances urge them to conform to set patterns. They resist by withdrawal into the self, but this is only a partial solution: true vitality requires positive interaction with one's environment. Jarnés uses various techniques for showing people's impotence or insignificance, for example, humour, irony, dehumanization. In Locura y muerte de nadie he takes as main character "someone or other" instead of a defined individual. The last chapter summarizes the characteristics of Jarnés’ heroes. They have in common a desire for freedom, a determination to make their own way independently of established customs and institutions. As well as rejecting tradition they struggle to retain their individuality in contemporary society, which relies more and more on mass culture and automation. They seek to avoid identification with the crowd but are not misanthropic or cynical: they favour intimate contact with other individuals. Although these characters are insignificant in a worldly sense and although, even within their novels, they may enjoy a marginal pre-eminence over their fellows, they do emerge as heroes of a kind, distinguished by their tenacious affirmation of the spiritual values of liberty, generosity, and vitality. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate