Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Rolim Rosa.pdf: 1388885 bytes, checksum: 88aeb764bc7488d897a40683bb4808e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 / This dissertation analyzes the thinking of Georges Bataille with the objective to investigate in his intempestivity the conception of eroticism. The complex movement that the author wages to develop this concept allows new possibilities to approach the nature/culture border, as well as animality and humanity concepts. In the introdution of The Eroctism the author announces to be in search of the Man in its totality, turning himself against the fragmentaries lines to pursuit the idea of a whole. This pursuance will be given by human passion and its only object, that implies in a tour upon the human spirit and its inner life. In the innerness of the being there is the encounter with the most overwhelming experiences, with the holy, the beauty, the horror and the passion. In the Baitaille's proposition there isn't borders between man and animal, mind and body, life and death; these instances constantly overflows one another and is in this intempestive movement that he sees the totality of the being. In this complex and unexpected field of human inner life, the being oversteps the limitrophes of the objective conscience into disconcerting experiences in which the conscience dissolves itself in the corporeal. The intent of this work it's to comprehend the totality that the batailliam thought seeks to reach in the inner experience consception by the means of problematization of the notions of eroctism, animality and humanity / Esta dissertação analisa o pensamento de Georges Bataille com o objetivo de investigar em sua intempestividade a concepção de erotismo. O complexo movimento que o autor trava ao desenvolver esse conceito permite novas possibilidades para abordar a fronteira natureza/cultura, assim como os conceitos de animalidade e humanidade. Na introdução de O Erotismo o autor anuncia estar à procura do homem em sua totalidade, volta-se contra as linhas fragmentárias para perseguir a ideia de conjunto. Essa busca se dá pela paixão humana e seu único objeto, que implica num passeio sobre o espírito humano e sua vida interior. Na interioridade do ser há o encontro com as experiências mais avassaladoras, com o sagrado, a beleza, o horror e a paixão. Na proposta de Bataille não há fronteiras entre homem e animal, mente e corpo, vida e morte; estas instâncias constantemente transbordam uma na outra e é neste movimento intempestivo que vê a totalidade do ser. Neste campo complexo e imprevisto da vida interior humana, o ser ultrapassa os limítrofes da consciência objetiva para experiências desconcertantes em que a consciência se dissolve no corpóreo. O intuito do trabalho é compreender a totalidade que o pensamento batailliano busca atingir na concepção de experiência interior por meio da problematização das noções de erotismo, animalidade e humanidade

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Proposant une application de la Théorie de la religion de Georges Bataille au roman Les 120 journées de Sodome de D.A.F. de Sade, le mémoire interroge les rapports de l'aristocrate libertin, personnage typique de l'univers fictionnel sadien, au fondement de sa communauté. Il veut en outre montrer que, par un procédé d'inversion des valeurs morales sur lesquelles reposent nos sociétés historiques, et par une radicalisation corrélative de la polarité dominant/dominé, la communauté libertine cherche sa légitimation dans la perpétuation de la violence sexuelle. Après avoir présenté les idées-forces qui structurent la Théorie, il s'agira de déterminer comment, à partir d'un système multifonctionnel qu'à la suite de R. Barthes nous avons baptisé « dispositif de la clôture », s'organise, dans le texte, un réseau de figures soutenant un rapprochement de sens entre le retrait du monde qui caractérise le château de Silling où se déroule l'action, et l'inextricable solitude du libertin. Nous verrons alors que cette solitude, condition de possibilité de l'érotisme libertin, sert de base sur laquelle les « passions » des libertins, soigneusement codifiées par eux, s'érigent en véritables institutions sociales, concourant du coup à l'instrumentalisation brutale et sans appel des sujets en présence. Nous verrons ensuite qu'en commettant, dans le dernier quart de leur aventure, d'innombrables « meurtres de débauche », les libertins accomplissent une singulière quête d'essence qui, bien qu'elle puisse en exhiber certaines caractéristiques constitutives, s'avère parfaitement étrangère à la trajectoire sacrificielle décrite par Bataille dans sa Théorie, et appliquée par lui au roman sadien dans La littérature et le mal. En définitive, les libertins, commentant sans relâche l'acte de tuer, semblent vouloir dépasser leur condition d'êtres mortels et basculer, depuis l'ordre culturel où ils se meuvent, dans l'étendue immanente du monde naturel. Mais si un tel passage représente, comme nous le croyons, l'objectif supérieur visé par l'inauguration de cette étrange « communauté du crime », nous ne pouvons ultimement que mesurer l'impuissance des libertins à l'atteindre. Tout, dans le texte, donne en effet à penser que les seigneurs de Silling ressortent inchangés de leurs ébats meurtriers, et que, de cette nature dans laquelle ils rêvaient de se fondre, il ne subsiste en définitive que les rouages d'une métaphysique du « crime naturel ». ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Violence, transcendance, immanence, érotisme, D.A.F. de Sade, Georges Bataille.

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This dissertation demonstrates that irrationality in representative modernist novels is a significant and valuable feature of subjectivity. Building on contemporary theories of the novel, the thesis develops two closely related issues: the novel as an aesthetic vehicle of subjectivity and the novel as a reflection of its socio-historical moment. In major novels by William Faulkner, Hermann Broch, and Virginia Woolf a surrender to irrationality is paradoxically portrayed as a positive act which can contribute to a more complete fulfilment of the self. Furthermore, twentieth century notions of the self are often expanded, complicated, or revised at least in part through the genre of the novel which is used to represent them. / In three main chapters, the thesis draws an original link between studies of the novel as genre on the one hand, and explorations of the meaning of irrationality in early twentieth century fiction on the other. The first on Faulkner includes a section outlining my research into the theoretical domain of subjectivity, irrationality, modernism, and the novel which serves as a background for Faulkner, but remains pertinent also to the chapters on Broch and Woolf which follow. With reference to recent social theorists, philosophers of the novel, medical researchers, and literary critics, the dissertation establishes that Faulkner Broch, and Woolf construct works which advance the notion that irrationality can be conducive to the development of an autonomous, private self which is actively engaged in the outside world. Moreover, in each of the novels at the centre of this study, irrational characters personify an aspect of the novel which is essential to the structural development of the genre. / Key works by Faulkner, Broch, and Woolf insist that irrationality is at the core of a dynamic and modernist representation of identity. In novels by Faulkner, irrationality contributes to a flexible sense of time and to the elaboration of a valuable intersubjective communication. In Broch's trilogy, an irrational approach to reality encourages the development of a temporal, ethical, and subjective freedom. For Woolf, the validation of irrational impulses restrains a compulsive and debilitating drive towards introspection and facilitates social interaction.

This thesis argues that the popular characterization of high modernist fiction as esoteric, elitist, uncommunicative, and far too difficult for the common reader obscures the democratic principles at the heart of modernist experimentation and its poetics of difficulty. Recent theories of embodied cognition when applied to representative examples of high modernist novels help dispel the myth of inaccessibility and reveal the many ways in which these works actually accommodate the common reader. Once the stigma of inaccessibility is removed from the study of modernist novels, it becomes possible to see how their formal experiments with language as well as the themes and issues they contain operate for readers and writers alike as a means of exploring everyday cognitive activities and responses. To this end, the concept of cognitive dissonance provides a heuristic device for understanding what lies behind the motivations of writers who aestheticise experiences of dissonance in their texts and the responses of readers who confront these texts. This cognitive approach to modern literature challenges assumptions about high modernism's "uncompromising intellectuality" and replaces them with a view of modernism that is more accessible and inclusive without diminishing its radical difficulty. It also paves the way for new readings of highly canonical modernist fiction. For instance, I examine how James Joyce places "inscribed" readers into Ulysses to guide actual readers through some of the difficulties of the novel. I then read William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury as a novel that both thematises and formally resists the modern threat of behaviouristic human conditioning. Finally, I look at how the theme and form of Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway reinforce the embodied equation of dissonance with illness and incompletion.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. André de Macedo Duarte / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 04/10/2017 / Inclui referências / Resumo: Nesta tese fazemos um amplo percurso que cruza distintos momentos do pensamento foucaultiano, tendo como recorte a articulação entre experiência e política. Ainda que a noção de experiência não seja um tema reiterado literalmente em todos os momentos do pensamento foucaultiano, mostramos como em torno a ela parecem articular-se algumas de suas considerações e temas fundamentais. Para compreendermos essas considerações, faz-se necessário investigar a apropriação foucaultiana dos pensamentos de Georges Bataille e Maurice Blanchot. Assim, mostramos inicialmente como a noção de ausência de obra, em diálogo com Blanchot, é usada para indicar um pensamento que rompe com o círculo antropológico. Em seguida, investigamos o artigo de Foucault sobre Bataille, de 1963, para mostrar como nele estão presentes elementos que formam uma noção de experiência e de transgressão que diz respeito a um pensamento que pensaria o ser do limite, e que estabelece uma relação não fundacional com a finitude. Defendemos que esse desenvolvimento foi incorporado por Foucault no papel da filosofia como diagnóstico do presente, assim como em sua relação com a história. Em seguida mostramos como, embora na década de 1970 haja um deslocamento do pensamento foucaultiano em direção a uma análise mais minuciosa das relações de poder, o procedimento genealógico incorpora, por termos análogos, a mesma capacidade de abalo de uma ordem discursivo-política que fora destacado no pensamento sobre o ser da linguagem moderna. Posteriormente, mostramos como, em 1978, com o deslocamento de sua abordagem das relações de poder para o plano da governamentalidade, e oínicio de um conjunto de considerações sobre a crítica, a noção de experiência é novamentetrazida à tona quando Foucault pensa seu próprio pensamento. Contudo, é seu viés ético-político que ganha destaque, ao mesmo tempo em que a temática da relação entre crítica e limites é posta novamente. Ao definir a atitude crítica como prática de desassujeitamento, e a espiritualidade segundo a experiência batailliana, Foucault traça evidentes vínculos entre crítica, experiência e espiritualidade. Finalmente, mostramos como essas considerações se desenvolvem, tanto nos trabalhos derradeiros sobre a crítica, quanto em A coragem da verdade. Defendemos que os temas do mundo outro e da vida outra no cinismo dizem respeito a uma alteridade imanente que deve ser pensada nos termos de uma alteração, e que seria o sentido principal da noção foucaultiana de experiência. Palavras-chave: Experiência; política; ética; Foucault; Bataille; Blanchot / Résumé: Dans cette thèse on propose un parcours qui entrecroise des distincts moments de la pensée de Foucault, en ayant comme guide l?articulation entre expérience et politique. Bien que la notion d?expérience ne soit pas un thème repris exaustivement dans la pensée foucauldienne, autour d?elle s?articulent quelques unes de ses considérations fondamentales. Pour comprendre ces considérations, il faut examiner l?appropriation des pensées de Georges Bataille et de Maurice Blanchot par Foucault. Donc, au début on montre que la notion d?absence d?oeuvre, en dialogue avec Blanchot, est utilisée pour indiquer une pensée qui rompt avec le cèrcle anthropologique. Après, on examine l?article de Foucault sur Bataille, de 1963, pour montrer comment on y trouve des elements qui forment une notion d?expérience et de transgression rapportées à une pensée qui penserait l?être et la limite, et qui établit un rapport non fondational avec la finitude. Nous défendons que ce développement a été incorporé par Foucault dans ses considérations sur le rôle de la philosophie en tant que diagnostique du présent, aussi que dans son rapport à l?histoire. En suite on montre que, même si dans la décennie de 1970 il y a un déplacement de la pensée de Foucault vers une analyse plus minutieuse des rapports de pouvoir, la procédure généalogique incorpore, par des termes analogues, la même capacité de troubler un ordre discoursif-politique tel comme les écrits sur l?être du langage moderne avaient souligné. Aprés, on montre comment, en 1978, suivant le déplacement de l?approche do pouvoir vers la gouvernementalité, et le débout d?une série de considérations sur la critique, la notion d?expérience est, une autre fois, reprise lorsque Foucault pense sa propre pensée. Cependant, c?est son côté éthique-politique qui est souligné, en même temps que la thématique du rapport entre cririque et limites est reprise. En définissant la critique comme une pratique de désassujetissement, et la spiritualité selon l?expérience bataillienne, Foucault fait des evidentes liens entre critique, expérience et spiritualité. Finalement, on montre comment ces considérations se développent, tant dans les derniers écrits sur la critique, quant dans Le courage de la vérité. On défend que les thèmes cyniques du monde autre et de la vie autre font référence à une altérité imanente, qui doit être pensée dans le termes d?une altération, et qui serait le principal sens de la notion foucauldienne d?expérience. Mots-clés: Expérience; politique; éthique; Foucault; Bataille; Blanchot

The three novels discussed in this essay avoid the abstraction of ideology without resorting to oversimplification. William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying, Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding, and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man are, among other things, the presentation of character in context. In chapters two, three, and four, I consider consecutively the character structures of the protagonists of the three novels in terms of the interaction between the individuals and the communally prescribed character structures of the traditional South which form their context. With Addie Bundren, Faulkner exemplifies the southerner's preference for stable, primary-colored individuality over the more mobile, versatile, inclusive "individuation" to which he objects because, from his traditional viewpoint, it leaves the individual isolated and alienated with no way of relating his world to the necessarily divergent worlds around him and no way of coping adequately with unforseen human events. Inheriting negation in place of tradition, Addie's death and burial leave the family in a bestially primitive state, existing without benefit of the accumulated experience of history. The traditional society, however, is not the only one that utilizes the experience of past generations. A perspective of the values and limitations of a family living according to southern traditions as it faces changes in conflict with its "individuated" members provides a literary view of the workings of a traditional milieu from the inside in Delta Wedding. Welty intimates that real life--the spontaneous action and reaction of an "individuated" being to present phenomena--is more powerful than the restraining and, because dated, erroneous traditions surrounding it. The protagonist of Ellison's Invisible Man moves from a culturally prescribed "preconsciousness" to the furthest extremes of "individuation". The acceptable ways of being black in the South offer so little possibility for the black man that his entire environment can be seen as a maze of traps placed by the culture between the individual and what twentieth-century democratic thought has come to define as basic human freedom. Falling first into the hands of racists, then paternalists, and finally--the most subtle trap of all--the complex and contradictory concepts of the nature of the black man as conceived by southern black men themselves, the Invisible Man exposes as he experiences the primary facets of southern racism. Breaking through these traditions, the Invisible Man does not attempt to become a white man with a black skin, but locates those elements of his black culture that are viable within the larger perspective of his liberated consciousness. Finally, Ellison posits the need for an "individuated" personality as prerequisite to the naming of the reality that forms its context. And, as Faulkner has shown with Addie Bundren, individuated being has insufficient scope for meeting existential exigencies if it is formed without the positive tensions of a broader than individual view--what Ellison calls "myth". As Welty shows, the southern myth is insufficiently inclusive to allow for universal survival through diversified compatibility. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

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Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer s'il est possible d'élaborer une éthique nonprescriptive. La première partie est une recherche de l’éthique narrative, comme éthique nonmétaphysique et non-prescriptive. Pour cette recherche sont traversées à la fois la philosophie (MacIntyre, Ricoeur, Bergson et Rorty) et la psychanalyse (Freud, Jung, Neumann, Hillman). Chaque penseur est considéré non pour lui même, mais dans la perspective d’une éthique narrative : réalise-t-il une éthique narrative? Qu'apporte-t-il pour son élaboration? La seconde partie part du constat de la difficulté que représente l'élaboration même d'une telle éthique: ne devient-elle pas prescriptive et métaphysique par le simple fait qu'elle serait décrite, instaurée? S'il en va bien ainsi, une éthique non-prescriptive est une éthique impossible: l'éthique narrative se transforme en éthique de la souveraineté (au sens de Bataille). Celle-ci ne peut être instaurée une fois pour toute, mais elle peut se tenter indéfiniment tout en se contestant sans cesse, afin d'éviter toute élaboration fixe qui empêcherait l'attitude souveraine