Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roselaine Soares da Cunha.pdf: 486378 bytes, checksum: ed383fbcebc56b03d772ae21619dfea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this work is to interpret the letters of Saint Ignacio of Antioquia (a christian martyr from the 1st century) in sight of the concept of Animality formulated by the french philosopher Georges Bataille. A scholar of the christian thought, Bataille dedicated himself at the lenght of his works (in the fields of philosophy, literature, petry and aesthetics) to investigate the existing relations between Erotism and religion. In the book entitled "Theory of religion", the french thinker develops the notion of Animality, investigating the basis of this primitive instinct (associated to death and sexual heat) and the straying process that it faced with the ascension of the christianism. He has among his pillars the belief on the ditachment of the sexual impulses as a mean to stray from that animal essence, that could dangerously insert us into a world of disorder. In the letter of Saint Ignacio of Antioquia, whose eagerness for the martydom was shown in his correspondence addressed to the christian communities of Rome, it is pointed out the need of a definitive separation from the Anomality that in the figure of Christ (Man-God) would be exterminated, conducting the Man to a sublime scope, apart from all impurity from the natural world. The reading of the letter of Saint Ignacio, under the philosophical vision of Bataille, will have the objective to aproximate the christian thought of the force that it so intensely denied; the Animality / O objetivo deste trabalho é interpretar a carta de Santo Inácio de Antioquia (mártir cristão do século I) a partir do conceito de Animalidade formulado pelo filósofo francês Georges Bataille. Estudioso do pensamento cristão, Bataille dedicou-se ao longo de suas obras (no campo da filosofia, literatura, poesia e estética) a investigar as relações existentes entre o Erotismo e a religião. No pequeno livro intitulado Teoria da Religião , o pensador francês desenvolve suas teorias sobre a Animalidade, averiguando as bases deste instinto primitivo (ligado à morte e ao cio) e o processo de afastamento que o mesmo enfrentou com a ascensão do cristianismo. Religião esta, que tem entre seus pilares a crença da emancipação dos impulsos sexuais como meio de afastamento desta essência animal, que perigosamente poderia nos introduzir em um mundo de desordem. A carta de Santo Inácio de Antioquia, que ansiava pelo martírio em sua correspondência direcionada as comunidades cristãs de Roma, vem apontar esta necessidade de um distanciamento definitivo da Animalidade que na figura do Cristo (Homem-Deus) seria exterminada, conduzindo o homem a uma instância sublime, apartada de todas as impurezas próprias do reino natural. A leitura da Carta de Santo Inácio, sob a ótica filosófica de Bataille, terá por objetivo aproximar o pensamento cristão da força que tão intensamente negou a da Animalidade

This dissertation reconsiders the relationship between fiction and slavery in American literary culture. “Prisoners of Style” shows how writers from the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century, including Hannah Crafts, Mark Twain, Charles Chesnutt, and William Faulkner, wrestled with enslavement. They found it not only a subject to be written about, but also a problem of characterization. Slavery and the ontological sorcery through which it produced a new kind of individual—the individual who is also a thing—led these authors to rethink basic formal assumptions about realist fiction, especially about what constitutes a literary character. The writers I discuss did not set out to argue for the slave’s humanity or to render her interiority, but instead sought to represent the systematic unmaking of black personhood perpetrated by the laws and institutions that governed chattel slavery in the US. They set out to reveal the ideological violence perpetrated against enslaved blacks, and they did so by writing characters who embodied the categorical uncertainty of the slave, characters who were not allegories for real, full people. The tradition of writing I describe does not represent the fullness of enslaved “persons”; instead it renders something far more abstract: the epistemology that undergirded enslavement—those patterns of thought that preconditioned slavery itself. The authors I study understood fictionality as a thorny ethical, epistemological, and political problem. In my chapter on Crafts, for example, I look at The Bondwoman’s Narrative alongside a set of non-fiction texts about Jane Johnson, the slave who preceded her in John Hill Wheeler’s household. Reading the novel against legal documents, pamphlets, and histories about Johnson and her escape from Wheeler, the chapter explores what fiction could do that these other modes of writing could not. In moments of sleep, amnesia, and daydreaming, Crafts resists the normative logic of subjecthood and individual rights that underpins the representations of Johnson. In the second half of the project, I demonstrate the significance of fictionality to American literary realism’s evolution into modernism. The final chapter, on Faulkner, places two of his Yoknapatawpha novels within the context of his interest in modernist painting and sculpture. Work by Picasso, Matisse, and other visual artists inspired his concern with surfaces and flatness, leading to a meditation on artifice that runs throughout his major novels. I argue that his flatness—his insistence on the non-referential quality of fiction—is crucial for understanding his characterization and philosophy of history history, in particular the history of Southern plantation slavery.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

Since Presocratic Greece, suicide in the West has been “known” and controlled, both politically and discursively. Groups as diverse as theologians and literary critics have propagated many different views of self-killing, but, determining its cause and moralizing about it, they have commonly exerted interpretive power over suicide, making it nameable, explicable, and predominantly reprehensible. The four modernist authors that I consider in this dissertation -- Ernest Hemingway, Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner -- break completely with the tradition of knowing suicide by insisting on its inscrutability, refusing to judge it, and ultimately rendering it “almost unnamable,” identifiable but indefinable. In For Whom the Bell Tolls, Victory, Mrs. Dalloway, and The Sound and the Fury, respectively, these authors portray illustrative, but by no means definitive, modernist self-killings; they construct a distinctive representational space around suicide, one free of causal, moral, theoretical or thematic meaning and, I argue, imbued with the power to disrupt interpretation. “‘Almost Unnamable’: Suicide in the Modernist Novel” examines the power of self-killing’s representational space in early twentieth-century fiction, arguing for its importance not only to the history of suicide in the West but also to the portrayal of death in the twentieth-century novel. / text

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T17:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-18T13:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os aspectos da experiência beckettiana que se pode caracterizar como “interior” devido às suas implicações para a subjetividade, partindo da noção de experiência interior apresentada por Georges Bataille em seu livro homônimo de 1943. A discussão centra-se em torno da figura do sujeito beckettiano e a da forma como ele se inscreve na linguagem na novela O Calmante e nos Textos para nada. Este sujeito se apresenta como narrador-personagem de sua própria história e, ao encenar seu processo de escrita, demonstra a insuficiência do código face à diversidade do “eu” e do “mundo”. Através do desenvolvimento de seu caminho narrativo, que questiona e desconfia constantemente da linguagem, ele realiza sua experiência singular. Neste percurso abre-se a possibilidade de tensionamento dos limites da razão, da moral, da lógica, do “eu” e da linguagem / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the Beckettian experience that can be characterized as “interior” because of its consequences for the subjectivity, starting from the notion of inner experience developed by Georges Bataille in his book of 1943. The discussion is centered around the figure of the subject that presents himself as the narrator-character of his own story and, by dramatizing his process of writing, demonstrates the insufficiency of the code regarding the diversity of the “I” and the “world”. Through the development of his narrative, that constantly questions and doubts the language, he realizes his singular experience. This process opens the possibility to tension the limits of reason, moral, logic, of the “I” and the language

Qu'en est-il de la communication de l'impossible dans son rapport au pouvoir du langage ? En révélant la face a-dialectique du langage littéraire, Maurice Blanchot et Georges Bataille, liés par une amitié essentielle, ont redéployé l’espace désoeuvré de l’Impossible comme espace scripturaire. La présente étude s’est articulée en trois parties, regroupant chacune quatre chapitres. La première s’est intéressée à la nomination comme stricte révélation de la négativité, d’une part, et de l’altérité, d’autre part. Elle a analysé les stratégies de contestation du discours dialectique adoptées en vue de redessiner un nouvel espace communautaire grevé d’absence. Cette dernière, induisant par ailleurs le mouvement infini de la répétition, ouvre l’exigence scripturaire à l’in-fini du re-dire. La seconde a mis au centre de ses préoccupations, à l’exemple des auteurs eux-mêmes, la mort. Liée au déploiement scripturaire, la mort creuse littéralement le Dire dans lequel domine l’oscillation entre pouvoir et impouvoir. La dimension thanatique des œuvres des deux auteurs convoque les notions de limite, de transgression, de dehors, de chance et de neutre qui envisagent toutes l’ouverture de l’expérience scripturaire sur son impossible horizon. La dernière partie, quant à elle, a mis en évidence la manière dont l’écriture, en son mouvement disjoint et imaginaire, s’abstrait du domaine du possible en s’ouvrant finalement sur le silence dont elle se fait complice pour ouvrir le Dire au partage de l’Impossible. / This thesis discusses the saying of the Impossible in its relationship to the power of language in the works of Maurice Blanchot and Georges Bataille. By unveiling the a-dialectical aspect of the literary language, Maurice Blanchot and Georges Bataille, who were bound by an essential friendship, deployed anew the idle space of the Impossible as a writerly space. This study is composed of three parts, each divided into four chapters. The first part discusses nomination as a strict unveiling of negativity on the one hand, and of alterity on the other hand, before analysing the strategies of contesting the dialectical discourse which were adopted by both writers with a view of delineating a new community space marked by absence. By inducing an endless movement of repetition, absence is shown to open the writerly exigence to the infiniteness of re-saying. The second part focuses on death as explored by both writers themselves. As linked to the writerly deployment, death literally enacts a saying dominated by the oscillation between Power and Unpower. The thanatical dimension of the works of both authors relies on the notions of limits, transgression, exteriority, chance and neutre, all of which lead to the opening of the writerly experience on its impossible horizon. The third part highlights how writing, in its disjointed and imaginary movement, abstracts itself from the realm of the possible by opening itself to the silence and becoming thus its accomplice to open the saying to the sharing of the Impossible.

Disability and animality have frequently been conjoined in American literature as the limit cases of cognition, language, and narrative. In modern and contemporary fiction, this intersection is not just thematic, but also an opportunity for formal experimentation. My dissertation considers a century-spanning group of authors that includes William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, and contemporary disabled writers and artists such as Jillian Weise, Kathy High, and Sharona Franklin. It uses a combination of close reading, historical research, and theoretical analysis to argue that some of the last century’s most influential literary experiments have built upon aesthetic modes associated with both disability and animality. For instance, in The Sound and the Fury, Benjy Compson’s famously associative narration is driven as much by canine-identified sensory tendencies of smell and touch as it is by human cognitive difference, and the folkloric interludes central to Their Eyes Were Watching God are catalyzed by the work-debilitated body of a mule. Few scholars have recognized the extent to which disability and animality are entangled as aesthetic categories, because each field has typically disavowed the other: disability studies makes “full humanity” a goal while assuming the inferiority of nonhumans, and animal studies often elevates nonhuman species by emphasizing their intelligence and physical abilities. My project bridges this impasse by showing how disability and animality come together to push language and literature in new directions, revealing an unrecognized literary tradition in which narratorial capacity, ethical consideration, and even access to the text do not depend on supposedly human-defining abilities like spoken language and written literacy.