Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T17:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-18T13:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Ana Paula experiência interior na obra narrativa de samuel beckett versao final 2.pdf: 1038395 bytes, checksum: 245a30783cab0781ca93b1d33e41e260 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os aspectos da experiência beckettiana que se pode caracterizar como “interior” devido às suas implicações para a subjetividade, partindo da noção de experiência interior apresentada por Georges Bataille em seu livro homônimo de 1943. A discussão centra-se em torno da figura do sujeito beckettiano e a da forma como ele se inscreve na linguagem na novela O Calmante e nos Textos para nada. Este sujeito se apresenta como narrador-personagem de sua própria história e, ao encenar seu processo de escrita, demonstra a insuficiência do código face à diversidade do “eu” e do “mundo”. Através do desenvolvimento de seu caminho narrativo, que questiona e desconfia constantemente da linguagem, ele realiza sua experiência singular. Neste percurso abre-se a possibilidade de tensionamento dos limites da razão, da moral, da lógica, do “eu” e da linguagem / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the Beckettian experience that can be characterized as “interior” because of its consequences for the subjectivity, starting from the notion of inner experience developed by Georges Bataille in his book of 1943. The discussion is centered around the figure of the subject that presents himself as the narrator-character of his own story and, by dramatizing his process of writing, demonstrates the insufficiency of the code regarding the diversity of the “I” and the “world”. Through the development of his narrative, that constantly questions and doubts the language, he realizes his singular experience. This process opens the possibility to tension the limits of reason, moral, logic, of the “I” and the language

Qu'en est-il de la communication de l'impossible dans son rapport au pouvoir du langage ? En révélant la face a-dialectique du langage littéraire, Maurice Blanchot et Georges Bataille, liés par une amitié essentielle, ont redéployé l’espace désoeuvré de l’Impossible comme espace scripturaire. La présente étude s’est articulée en trois parties, regroupant chacune quatre chapitres. La première s’est intéressée à la nomination comme stricte révélation de la négativité, d’une part, et de l’altérité, d’autre part. Elle a analysé les stratégies de contestation du discours dialectique adoptées en vue de redessiner un nouvel espace communautaire grevé d’absence. Cette dernière, induisant par ailleurs le mouvement infini de la répétition, ouvre l’exigence scripturaire à l’in-fini du re-dire. La seconde a mis au centre de ses préoccupations, à l’exemple des auteurs eux-mêmes, la mort. Liée au déploiement scripturaire, la mort creuse littéralement le Dire dans lequel domine l’oscillation entre pouvoir et impouvoir. La dimension thanatique des œuvres des deux auteurs convoque les notions de limite, de transgression, de dehors, de chance et de neutre qui envisagent toutes l’ouverture de l’expérience scripturaire sur son impossible horizon. La dernière partie, quant à elle, a mis en évidence la manière dont l’écriture, en son mouvement disjoint et imaginaire, s’abstrait du domaine du possible en s’ouvrant finalement sur le silence dont elle se fait complice pour ouvrir le Dire au partage de l’Impossible. / This thesis discusses the saying of the Impossible in its relationship to the power of language in the works of Maurice Blanchot and Georges Bataille. By unveiling the a-dialectical aspect of the literary language, Maurice Blanchot and Georges Bataille, who were bound by an essential friendship, deployed anew the idle space of the Impossible as a writerly space. This study is composed of three parts, each divided into four chapters. The first part discusses nomination as a strict unveiling of negativity on the one hand, and of alterity on the other hand, before analysing the strategies of contesting the dialectical discourse which were adopted by both writers with a view of delineating a new community space marked by absence. By inducing an endless movement of repetition, absence is shown to open the writerly exigence to the infiniteness of re-saying. The second part focuses on death as explored by both writers themselves. As linked to the writerly deployment, death literally enacts a saying dominated by the oscillation between Power and Unpower. The thanatical dimension of the works of both authors relies on the notions of limits, transgression, exteriority, chance and neutre, all of which lead to the opening of the writerly experience on its impossible horizon. The third part highlights how writing, in its disjointed and imaginary movement, abstracts itself from the realm of the possible by opening itself to the silence and becoming thus its accomplice to open the saying to the sharing of the Impossible.

Disability and animality have frequently been conjoined in American literature as the limit cases of cognition, language, and narrative. In modern and contemporary fiction, this intersection is not just thematic, but also an opportunity for formal experimentation. My dissertation considers a century-spanning group of authors that includes William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, and contemporary disabled writers and artists such as Jillian Weise, Kathy High, and Sharona Franklin. It uses a combination of close reading, historical research, and theoretical analysis to argue that some of the last century’s most influential literary experiments have built upon aesthetic modes associated with both disability and animality. For instance, in The Sound and the Fury, Benjy Compson’s famously associative narration is driven as much by canine-identified sensory tendencies of smell and touch as it is by human cognitive difference, and the folkloric interludes central to Their Eyes Were Watching God are catalyzed by the work-debilitated body of a mule. Few scholars have recognized the extent to which disability and animality are entangled as aesthetic categories, because each field has typically disavowed the other: disability studies makes “full humanity” a goal while assuming the inferiority of nonhumans, and animal studies often elevates nonhuman species by emphasizing their intelligence and physical abilities. My project bridges this impasse by showing how disability and animality come together to push language and literature in new directions, revealing an unrecognized literary tradition in which narratorial capacity, ethical consideration, and even access to the text do not depend on supposedly human-defining abilities like spoken language and written literacy.

This thesis examines the genesis, maintenance, and failure of rigid and exclusionary societal models present in William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County. Yi- Fu Tuan's analysis of the concepts space and place serves as the foundational theoretical framework by which human spatiality may be interpreted. Combining Tuan's observations and architectural analysis with Edouard Glissant's concepts of atavistic and composite societal models allows for a much broader consideration of various political ideologies present in the South. Following this, it becomes necessary to apply a postcolonial lens to areas of Faulkner's literature to examine how these societal models are upheld and the effects they have on characters in both Reconstruction and post- Reconstruction eras. Within Absalom, Absalom! and The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner showcases an aspect of southern history that allowed this societal model to flourish, how this model affected those trapped within it, and its ultimate failure for future generations. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Il s'agit, en prenant comme jalons l’œuvre de trois auteurs symptomatiques, Marcel Proust(1871-1922), Georges Bataille (1897-1962) et Pascal Quignard (1948), d'étudier l'évolution de la place et du rôle de l’œuvre d'art dans la littérature depuis la deuxième révolution industrielle jusqu'à nos jours. Ce travail interroge donc les données structurelles, socio-économiques et politiques, qui constituent l'agencement d'une production artistique, mais aussi les évolutions dans les rapports sujet/objet, la définition de l'art, l’étude de tropes spécifiques, la préférence d'un mouvement descendant à un mouvement ascendant (transcendantal), l'expérimentation comme fondement cognitif, la préférence d'une posture d'étant-au-monde à la notion d'être-au-monde, l'abandon de l'idéalisme et de la métaphysique pour l'élaboration d'autres régimes ontologiques mais aussi épistémologiques. Ces éléments composent ce que nous pouvons appeler un paradigme de l’ombre, paradigme mineur par rapport à un paradigme majeur, dominant, coercitif. / This thesis deals with the work of three symptomatic authors, Marcel Proust (1871-1922),Georges Bataille (1897-1962) and Pascal Quignard (1948), as milestones, in order to studythe evolution of the place and the role of the piece of art in literature since the second Industrial Revolution until today. This work therefore questions the structural,socioeconomic and political data, which constitute the agency of an artistic production, but also evolution in the subject-object relations, definition of what art is, specific tropes,preference of a downward movement to an ascending (transcendental) movement,experimentation as a cognitive foundation, the preference of a position of being-in-theworld to the notion of being-in-the-world, the abandonment of idealism and metaphysics for the development of other ontological regimes. These elements compose what we can call a paradigm of the shadow, a minor paradigm compared to a major, dominant and coercive one.

Ce mémoire se propose d'analyser la concordance entre l'illustration du désir humain et sa transformation en violence sociale dans les théories du désir mimétique et du mécanisme du Bouc émissaire, développées par René Girard dans ses oeuvres Mensonges Romantiques et Vérités Romanesques et Le Bouc Émissaire, et dans l'oeuvre de William Faulkner The Sound and the Fury. Ce mémoire soutient que la description du désir humain et son acheminement en crise sociale est très similaire chez les des deux auteurs. The Sound and the Fury, tout comme les oeuvres de René Girard, décrivent le désir humain comme un mécanisme triangulaire basé sur l'imitation du sujet à un model ou médiateur. Ils démontrent aussi que ces désirs peuvent créer des rivalités féroces qui peuvent induire à une violence irrépressible. Quand cette violence se multiplie par le nombre de rivaux acharnés, elle évolue en phénomène sociale : une crise que René Girard appelle Crise Mimétique et que William Faulkner reproduit dans la majorité de ces nouvelles et précisément dans The Sound and the Fury. Le mécanisme humain décrit pour l'évacuation spontanée de la violence est aussi remarquablement conforme dans l'effigie des deux auteurs. Les écrits des deux démontrent que pour évacuer leur agressivité, les sociétés la redirigent envers un ou des individus qu'ils considèrent comme inférieurs. Finalement, les deux auteurs analysent d'une manière très rapprochée les trois méthodes utilisées par l'homme pour contenir la violence. Ils présentent tout les deux les rituels comme une méthode qui a été longtemps efficace pour canaliser les tensions mais qui n'a plus sa place dans la société moderne et ce à cause du déclin religieux. Ils décrivent aussi tout les deux les méthodes compensatoires tels que les duels et les jugent inefficace et, en dernier lieu, ils considèrent tout les deux le système légal comme une méthode efficace pour l'interruption des cycles de vengeances mais pas pour l'évacuation de la violence.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The stereotypical figure of the femme fatale as irresistible seductress, who inevitably brings about death, is well known. This figure is nevertheless strangely absent from Afrikaans literature. This is what makes the appearance of the character of Nicolette in André Brink’s novel, The Ambassador (1963), so remarkable. Not only is she a complex femme fatale, she also adds a new dimension to the cliché. The striking similarities between Nicolette and Kathe, the female protagonist in Henri-Pierre Roché’s novel Jules et Jim (1953), justify a comparative study between these two novels. Although both of them bring about death, it seems that the presence of these femme fatale characters has positive rather than negative consequences. Contrary to the stereotypical evil temptress, Nicolette and Kathe are more natural, spontaneous and unpredictable – apparently free from the constricting qualities of the bloodthirsty femme fatale. In this comparative study, the image of the femme fatale is investigated through the close examination of its role and function in Jules et Jim and The Ambassador. By examining the philosopher René Girard’s theories on mimetic desire, violence and sacrifice as well as Georges Bataille’s ideas on eroticism and death, the nature of the femme fatale in these two novels is analysed in order to determine to what extent the image of the femme fatale as negative archetype could be reconsidered. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stereotipiese figuur van die femme fatale as onweerstaanbare verleidster wat noodwendig die dood teweegbring, is alombekend. Tog blyk daar 'n opvallende afwesigheid van dié gevaarlike karakter in die Afrikaanse letterkunde te wees. Dit is waarom die verskyning van die karakter van Nicolette in André P. Brink se roman, Die Ambassadeur (1963), so merkwaardig is. Nie net is Nicolette 'n komplekse femme fatale karakter nie, maar bring sy ook 'n nuwe dimensie tot die geykte stereotipe. Dit is dan veral die treffende ooreenkoms tussen Nicolette en Kathe, die vroulike protagonis in Henri-Pierre Roché se roman Jules et Jim (1953), wat 'n vergelykende studie tussen hierdie twee romans regverdig. Alhoewel albei die dood teweegbring, blyk dit dat die teenwoordigheid van hierdie femme fatale karakters eerder positiewe as negatiewe gevolge het. Anders as die stereotipiese bose verleidster, is Nicolette en Kathe meer natuurlik, spontaan en onvoorspelbaar – oënskynlik vry van die beperkende eienskappe van die bloeddorstige femme fatale. In hierdie vergelykende studie word die beeld van die femme fatale ondersoek deur die rol en funksie daarvan in Jules et Jim en Die Ambassadeur in diepte te bestudeer. Deur die filosoof René Girard se teorieë oor mimetiese begeerte, geweld en offergawe asook Georges Bataille se idees oor erotisme en die dood te ondersoek, word die aard van die femme fatale in hierdie twee romans vergelykend ontleed om sodoende te bepaal tot watter mate die beeld van die femme fatale as negatiewe argetipe heroorweeg kan word. / RESUME: La figure stéréotypée de la femme fatale comme séductrice irrésistible et malfaisante qui entraîne inévitablement la mort, est bien connue. Néanmoins, nous constatons une absence frappante de cette figure dans la littérature de langue afrikaans. Voilà ce qui rend d’autant plus remarquable et surprenante l’apparence du personnage de Nicolette dans le roman L’Ambassadeur d’André Brink (1963). Non seulement est-elle une femme fatale complexe, mais Nicolette apporte aussi une nouvelle dimension à la figure rebattue. Ce sont surtout les similarités évidentes entre Nicolette et Kathe, la protagoniste féminine du roman Jules et Jim d’Henri-Pierre Roché (1953), qui justifient une étude comparée de ces deux romans. Bien que ces deux personnages féminins provoquent la mort d’un homme, il semblerait que la présence de ces femmes fatales ait des conséquences positives plutôt que négatives. Contrairement au stéréotype de la séductrice maléfique, les personnages de Kathe et de Nicolette sont plus naturels, spontanés et imprévisibles – apparemment libres de toute étiquette restrictive attribuée à la femme fatale assoiffée de sang. Dans cette étude comparée nous nous pencherons sur l’image de la femme fatale en examinant son rôle et sa fonction dans les romans Jules et Jim d’Henri-Pierre Roché et L’Ambassadeur d’André Brink. En considérant les théories sur le désir mimétique, la violence et le sacrifice que propose René Girard ainsi que les idées de Georges Bataille sur l’érotisme, nous essayons enfin d’établir dans quelle mesure on pourrait reconsidérer la définition étriquée de la femme fatale comme archétype négatif.

Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher," as early as 1839, reveals an uneasiness about the space of the house. Most literary scholars accept that this anxiety exists and causes some tension, since it seems antithetical to another dominant motif, that of the power of place and the home as sanctuary. My critical persona, like Poe's narrator in "The House of Usher," looks into a dark, silent tarn and shudders to see in it not only the reflection of the House of Usher, but perhaps the whole of what is "Southern" in Southern Literature. Many characters who inhabit the worlds of Southern stories also inhabit houses that, like the House of Usher, are built on the faulty foundation of an ideological system that divides the world into inside(r)/outside(r) and along numerous other binary lines. The task of constructing the self in spaces that house such ideologies poses a challenge to the characters in the works under consideration in this study, and their success in doing so is dependant on their ability to speak authentically in the language of silence and to dwell instead of to just inhabit interior spaces. In my reading of Faulkner and Warren, this ideology of division is clearly to be at fault in the collapse of houses, just as it is seen to be in the House of Usher. This emphasis is especially conspicuous in several works, beginning with Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and its (pre)text, "Evangeline." Warren carries the motif forward in his late novels, Flood and Meet Me in the Green Glen. I examine these works relative to spatial analysis and an aesthetic of absence, including an interpretation of silence as a mode of authentic saying. I then discuss these motifs as they are operating in Toni Morrison's Beloved, and finally take Song of Solomon as both an end and a beginning to these texts' concerns with collapsing structures of narrative and house.