Orientador : Paolo Nosella / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T11:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_AntonioTavaresde_D.pdf: 8772993 bytes, checksum: 63639d0a1e0081c278607715b887ef12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Para Gramsci, a práxis revolucionária inclui, de maneira orgânica, o elemento cultural, o conhecimento, a escola como instrumentos de incorporação do homem individual ao homem coletivo. Meridioonalistas por nascimento procurou compreender os problemas do Mezzogiorno, sendo original à medida que acrescentou a sua vivência, mesclada de influencias sociais, religiosas e pedagógicas, as posteriores influencias político ideológicas provenientes das lutas operarias e da militância política. Tais elementos lhe proporcionaram uma visão dos problemas a nível nacional e internacional, impulsionando-o na busca dos instrumentos necessários para preparar a revolução operária-camponesa. A Escola considerada desde o inicio da tradição marxista, como principal instrumento de cultura, foi retomada por Gramsci como um dos principais instrumentos para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura socialista. Para o seu projeto de transformar a necessidade em liberdade, a escola burguesa é uma instituição a ser destruída, pois os interesses da classe proletária exigem uma nova cultura, uma nova escola. Somente a escola que tivesse como princípio o trabalho produtivo poderia satisfazer os interesses do socialismo. A escola única do trabalho que instruiria e educaria desinteressadamente o homem novo foi tema da reflexão teórica de Gramsci tanto em liberdade, como na prisão no caderno 12, ele manifestou, de modo particular, seu interesse pela educação, ou seja, pela formação do homem socialista, voltando sempre ao tema em outros Cadernos e Cartas. Porque a histórica, a escola pensada por Gramsci deveria acompanhar o desenvolvimento da sociedade, adaptando-se a cada estágio histórico. Como o trabalho, no tempo de Gramsci, chegara ao nível de desenvolvimento caracterizado no americanismo , ele defendia que o principio educativo da escola única era o trabalho industrial moderno, configurado na fábrica moderna. A escola de L¿Ordine Nuovo, a Escola de Partido, a Escola por Correspondência, são marcas da atividade prática e da militância política de Gramsci, enquanto nos permitem conhecer o significado de escola para ele. O socialismo visa superar através da escola única do trabalho industrial, as relações dicotômicas entre o trabalho intelectual e o trabalho manual, integrando todos os homens unilateralmente.. No socialismo, todos deveriam ser intelectuais, livres pela cultura, sem deixarem de ser trabalhadores ligados ao trabalho por uma necessidade histórica. Portando, a liberdade é o objetivo ultimo da escola de Gramsci / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação

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no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

Tests were made at the Lubrication Laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute to determine the mechanism of corrosion of Cadmium-Silver-Copper bearing metals, and if possible to develop a procedure to quantitatively rate oils and inhibitors with respect to corrosion. Two pieces of testing apparatus were employed - a jet-type oil bath and a glass apparatus. It was found that corrosion of the cadmium base bearing metals took place in the jet-type oil bath with jet velocities equal to 1.51 feet per second at temperatures of 300 and 325° F with Esso Motor Oil, No. 3. Corrosion did not take place at temperatures of 300 and 325° F in the jet-type oil bath when the jet velocities were decreased to 0.67 feet per second. Tests on the glass apparatus indicated that the corrosion was not electrolytic, that the presence of air (oxygen) at the oil-bearing interface was necessary for corrosion to proceed, and that the scrubbing action of the oil past the bearing face only partially influences the rate of corrosion. The jet-type apparatus is believed to be quantitative in its results if the surface condition of the bearing specimens and the velocity of the issuing oil jets are accurately controlled. Viscosity of the oil prior to and after the test was measured. No consistent trend of viscosity was noted, but a tendency for the viscosity of the oil to be directly proportional to the total weight of metal lost by corrosion was pointed out. / M.S.

The original circuit diagram was drawn previous to any reference work on the subject; however, in the construction of the system it was found necessary to add to and subtract from the original circuit. For instance, in order to isolate the oscillator from the modulator and to amplify the carrier voltage it was necessary to add buffer amplifier stages; since only one system was built and since the system worked on the tuned detector principle, no filters were deemed necessary. Other circuit changes of minor importance are; the use of individual plate voltage supplies to minimize feedback between stages; the use of regenerative detection; and a variation in the obtaining of the oscillator output. The system works satisfactorily, but is very critical; this is largely due to the fact that regenerative detection is used. Once the system is adjusted for quiet distortionless operation, it is found that an increase in modulating potential sufficient to over modulate the carrier introduces distortion. This is probably due to the fact that the tube is not operating on a parabolic portion of the grid voltage plate current characteristic curve during a large portion of each cycle, thus introducing third order, fourth order, fifth order, and nth order distortion terms.* * It is to be remembered that the plate current can be expressed as a power series of n terms of the grid voltage, i.e. --- [see equation] The number of terms depends upon the portion of the curve over which the tube is operating; thus, for "square-law" or second order modulation, which occurs over the parabolic portion of the characteristic curve, n = 2; for third order modulation, n = 3; etc. / M.S.

This investigation was undertaken in order to determine the characteristics of crude fatty acids, recovered from the resin soap wastes of kraft pulp manufacture, so that efficient distillation units may be designed for distillation of the crude fatty acids. It was found that the crude fatty acids could be distilled at a maximum absolute pressure of 7 m.m., and at a temperature range of 400° to 520ºF. At this temperature range approximately 70% of the total can be recovered as distillate without impairing the quality of the distillate. The remaining 30% is removed as pitch. It was found that when 70% of the total has been distilled approximately 85% of the fatty acids and 80% of the abietic acid originally present have been recovered Crude fatty acids corroded to a marked extent all of the feasible alloys and metals of construction with the exception of the stainless steel containing not less than 20% chromium and not less than 9% nickel. It was found that the most suitable alloy was a chromium-nickel-iron alloy containing 29% chromium and 9% nickel, the balance being iron. / Master of Science

M.S.

published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy