M.S.

Political scientists generally believe that the foreign and domestic conflict behavior of nations are related to the extent that nations experiencing internal difficulties will seek foreign policies of conflict in order to divert the people's attention from serious internal problems. Recent empirical studies, however, have cast some doubt on this generalized relationship. Generally, China scholars agree that increases in the levels of internal conflict has historically led the Chinese to seek foreign policies of conflict. This generalization provides both hypotheses for this study: (1) increases in levels of internal conflict are related to increases in levels of external conflict, and (2) if the two domains are related causally as suggested by the China scholars, then increases in internal conflict should be related to increases in external conflict at points later in time. Data were collected on nine measures of domestic conflict and 12 measures of foreign conflict. The data were collected over a 21 year period, 19S>0-1970, exclusively from the New York Times Index. The results were mixed. The principal finding in the correlations of the raw data and the transformed raw data was that foreign and domestic conflict were not related generally. However, analysis of the annual weighted transformed data did produce a significant relationship between foreign and domestic conflict of .52. Pour additional cross-checks were performed. First, treating the data quarterly, rather than annually, confirmed the finding at .40. Second, using the Spearman rank correlation test (rather than the Pearson product moment) lowered the correlation to .33 "for the annual data and .28 for the quarterly data, but still both correlations were moderately significant (the annual correlation was significant at the .14 level while the quarterly correlation was significant at the .01 level). The remaining two checks (a scattergram for checking linearity and outliers, and the analysis of smaller time-units in order to check for the stability of the relationship over time) produced results suggesting that the initial conclusion of a high relationship be modified to a moderately significant relationship. Thus, the principal finding of this study was that a moderate relationship exists between foreign and domestic conflict behavior in Communist China. Finally, temporal relationships did confirm the China scholar's notion that one conflict domain in China is temporally related to the other, but the relationship was contrary to what was expected: domestic conflict consistently emerged as the dependent variable, appearing to increase and decrease after increases and decreases in foreign conflict. Whether or not the two dimensions of internal and external conflict are related to the degree to which the China scholars believe is a question not totally confirmed nor refuted significantly by this study. The principal finding of a moderate relationship, however, does lend some support to the historical generalizations relating foreign and domestic conflict behavior in Communist China.

Four major compositions, written by Richard Strauss between 1940-1948, are illustrative of the composer's conservative use of harmony and tonality. Each work exemplifies a different genre: an opera scene, a programmatic orchestral work, a concerto, and four lieder. The forms and tonal organization in each representative work are traditional. Those forms used are sonata, ternary, a seven-part rondo and, a loosely structured sectional form. They are presented in the final chapter from the most structured form, the concerto, down to the least structured, the opera scene. The harmonies incorporated within each work are conservative in character. The generic categories of sonority types are triads, seventh chords, ninths, elevenths and thirteenth chords. The three overwhelming common chords are major triads, minor triads and major-minor seventh chords. Almost 87% are these three types. There are many similarities In root movement to those used in musIc from the common practice period: up a fourth, up a second, down a third, and up a fifth. However, two non-traditional types are used to some extent. These are down a second and up a third. Modulation types vary and are dependent upon the nature of the work: the chromatic types are associated with chromatic music (Metamorphosen) just as nonchromatic types are common in more traditionally structured music (Oboe Concerto). It is the analysis of these specific elements that help shed light upon the later harmonic style of Richard Strauss.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / This thesis analyzes Pakistan's Kashmir policy and strategy since 1947. Pakistan has sought to obtain the accession of Kashmir for over fifty years. This policy has its origins in Pakistan's struggle for a separate state for South Asia's Muslims, its belief that India never accepted Pakistan's existence, and Pakistan's domestic cleavages and institutional weaknesses. Because these beliefs and characteristics remain today, Pakistan is unlikely to drop its claim to Kashmir. Pakistan's strategy to achieve its objectives has included diplomacy, war, and proxy war. This thesis explores how internal and external variables have impacted Pakistan's methods and what this means for the current effort to end the proxy war in Kashmir. Although Pakistan is unlikely to abandon its claims to Kashmir, an analysis of Pakistan's shift from diplomacy to war in 1965 and from diplomacy to proxy war in 1990 demonstrates that Pakistan's strategy responds to external constraints and opportunities. The United States may not be able to end the dispute over Kashmir by pressuring Pakistan to drop its claims, but Washington retains sufficient influence to persuade Pakistan to use a peaceful strategy to pursue its claims to Kashmir. / Captain, United States Air Force

Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Axiología y Filosofía Política

This study is about Michel Morin's opera omnia, a contemporary Quebec essayist and philosopher. The first part analyzes Morin's work with a sustained attention given to the question of the essay as a specific literary and philosophical genre (with references to Vigneault, Lukacs, Adorno, Barthes). Morin's work is for us the occasion to develop a reflection on the relationship between literature and philosophy (with references to Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Bergson, Heidegger). Finally, going forward, we elaborate the concept of philosophy as Ideational Novel to read Morin's work, a concept that describes Morin's intellectual adventure and involvement in the reflexive text. The second part proposes a more detailed analysis of Michel Morin's reflexive adventure through four distinct moments. All Morin's essays will be studied. Issues and beacons-ideas will be analyzed without ever losing sight of the genuine style of his writing.

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Cüneyt M. Özveren, Alan S. Willsky. / Cover title. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 10). / Research supported by the AFOSR. AFOSR-88-0032 Research supported by the Army Research Office. DAAL03-86-K-0171