阿來(1959- )，生於四川省的嘉絨藏區，曾任教師、編輯、雜誌社社長等，現專事寫作。在長達三十二年的寫作生涯中，阿來經歷了由新詩至短篇小說、散文至長篇小說的文類轉變，他的作家使命在長篇小說階段得以確立，是有意識地書寫西藏的漢語作家。阿來的長篇小說除了表現本民族的興衰，又是人類共同歷史命運的寫照，他以寓言書寫的方式豐富了文本的內涵。 寓言性是當代中國小說一個值得關注的美學特徵，因此，本文以阿來三部長篇小說為研究對象：《塵埃落定》(1998)、《空山》三部曲(2005、2007、2009)、《格薩爾王》(2009)，分析其中的寓言性藝術意義。這三部作品皆以漢藏文化的交匯與碰撞為題材，反面書寫故鄉因歷史的發展、時代的轉變而表現的不同面向：《塵埃落定》寫的是二十世紀五十年代前土司制度和末代土司家族的滅亡過程；《空山》是五十年代至九十年代的一段村莊史；《格薩爾王》是對藏族英雄史詩的重述，以現代觀念探討歷史發展過程中的命運主題。阿來以長篇小說的形式探究歷史轉型期中，文化與人心的困境，有著內在精神的繼承。 本文以〈現代寓言：阿來長篇小說研究〉為題，嘗試以本雅明的現代寓言理論來探討作品的藝術內涵：「破碎」、「廢墟」、「憂鬱」等美學元素於文本的呈現，這些現代性的特質如何在小說的本土經驗裡被細述彰顯，以帶出作品的普世共性。在探究過程中，我們能了解在文學與歷史的互動關係中，作品的真實內涵及說故事的意義。

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This study was undertaken in order to learn the relationships between clay minerals of stream sediments and the clay mineralogy of corresponding source materials. The York River tributary system was selected to conduct such a study because of its moderate size and its geographical and geological setting. The tributary basin spans the entire Piedmont and most of the Coastal Plain before reaching West Point, Virginia, and it covers 2242 square miles. River sediments and weathering products (source materials) of the basin were sampled in such a way that both were faithfully represented. Stream sediment samples were taken at closely spaced sites as cores, grab samples, and scoop samples from the channel bed. Source material samples were taken after reconnaissance of the area from road outs, cultivated fields and forests. Surface and subsurface source samples were collected. Five small tributaries of the system were similarly sampled in greater detail. X-ray analyses of more than 700 samples were made using powder diffraction techniques and a General Electric recording diffractometer. Filtered Cu-K radiation was used. Each sample was analyzed untreated as an oriented aggregate. Further X-ray analyses where necessary included glycolated and heat treated samples. Clay minerals of source materials and stream sediments of the York River tributary basin are naturally grouped into five categories on the basis of first-order basal spacings. Minerals identified are kaolinite, illite, expandable illite. typical vermiculite atypical vermiculite, montmorillonite and mixed-layer clay minerals involving 10 A and 14 A layers. Kaolinite is present in all source area samples Vermiculite is the next most frequent source mineral followed by illite. Montmorillonite is highly sporadic in occurrence and is a minor constituent in the source area. The stream sediments contain al1 the minerals found in the source area. No new minerals were observed in the stream environment. The frequency distribution of most minerals is different in sediments. Kaolinite and vermiculite occur in all stream sediments. Illite occurs in all sediment samples of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey tributaries and its reflections become more intense in the lower part of the system. Montmorillonite occurs in more than 86 per cent of the sediments of the Coastal Plain portion of the system. Mixed-layer clay minerals become less frequent in the streams of the basin in contrast to their frequency in the source materials and become more pronounced downstream. The intensity of X-ray reflections for source material clay minerals is typically 2-3 times as intense as those of stream sediments. Physical mechanisms are postulated to explain the decrease in mixed-layer structures, the increase in illite intensity downstream and the increase in the frequency of occurrence of montmorillonite in the sediments of the lower parts of the stream systems. Mixed-layer minerals become unmixed through a highly selective erosion and transportation process which results in removal of the clay in units of structure. This physical unmixing provides an explanation of the increase in illite reflections in sediments in the lower part of the stream. Montmorillonite is more frequent in the lower part of the stream because of its greater mobility than the other minerals. Results of this study may require that previous studies of modern sediments be re-evaluated in recognition of the appearance of atypical vermiculite in the source area and the process of unmixing of mixed-layer clay minerals. / Ph. D.

The Goose Creek area in parts of Roanoke, Botetourt, and Bedford counties, Virginia, comprises about 170 square miles of complexly folded and faulted Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks of the Blue Ridge and Great Valley physiographic provinces. The Precambrian rocks are divided into three different types of gneisses on the basis of their textures. These are unconformably overlain by Cambrian rocks of the Unicoi formation, Hampton shale, Erwin quartzite, Rome formation, Bilbrook dolomite, and Conococheague formation. The total thickness of the Precambrian gneisses is about 7,500 feet and that of Cambrian formation is 10,000 feet. The Ordovician Bffna and Fetzer limestones are about 30 feet thick and the Liberty Hall and Martinaburg shales are about 800 feet thick. Silurian-Lower Devonian rocks represented by the Clinch, Clinton, and Helderberg formations are 15 (?) to 300 feet thick. Additional unclassified shales are of Devonian age. Locally Quaternary deposits of colluvium, older terrace gravels, and alluvium cover all of the above. One of the major structural features of the area is the nearly flat Blue Ridge thrust which extends across most of the area. The Blue Ridge thrust plate is breached by Goose Creek in the southeast -part of the area. The displacement of the thrust is at least six miles. The Precambrian rocks of the Blue Ridge fault block are believed to be the core of a large overturned northeasterly-trending anticlinorium. Many similar northeasterly-trending folds, which are mostly open or only slightly overturned to the northwest, are found in the frontal part of the Blue Ridge thrust plate and in the underlying rocks. A few northwesterly-trending cross folds were developed in rocks both above and below the thrust and were formed contemporaneously or slightly later than the faulting. Another major structure, probably the Pulaski thrust fault, is shown in a window cut by the Salem (?) fault at Coyner Mountain. If the correlation of the Pulaski fault is correct then the minimum displacement must bell miles. Many smaller faults and folds also indicate strong compressive forces in a northwest-southeast direction. The cross folds are believed to have been developed by differential northwesterly movement of the fault blocks. The differential movements are believed to have resulted from deflection around buttresses in the Appalachian Valley, although there is a possibility that the deforming force shifted to a more westerly direction. The Blue Ridge province is represented by resistant parts of the uneroded Blue Ridge thrust block. The Great Valley province in the northwest part of the area is underlain by soft shales and carbonate rocks and has encroached on the edge of the Blue Ridge thrust plate. Southwestward-flowing Glade Creek and its main drainage area is similar to the Great Valley in physiography and type of bedrock. It extends northeast into a breached area of the Blue Ridge thrust where its headwaters are captured by southeast-flowing Goose Creek. The geologic history of the Goose Creek area can be summarized as follows: (1) deposition of Late(?) Precambrian sediments; (2) folding and faulting of the Precambrian rocks accompanied by metamorphism, granitization, and intrusion that probably occurred during or prior to a sub-Cambrian orogeny which may have produced the configuration of the Appalachian geosyncline; (3) cannibalism during earliest Cambrian time, supplying the lowest Cambrian elastic sediments; (4) deepening of the Appalachian geosyncline to receive the thick carbonate sediment from Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician; (5) resumption of cannibalism on the elevated lands to the southeast from Middle Ordovician to Lower Mississippian time, supplying younger clastic sediments; (6) folding and faulting of the Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks during the Appalachian orogeny; (7) peneplanation of the newborn Appalachian at the summit level of the Blue Ridge mountains in Tertiary(?) time; and (8) intermittent uplifting, trenching,and tilting of the peneplain and other ero~ion surfaces from Tertiary(?) to the present. The mineral resources include limestone, dolomite, iron and shale. Once productive low-grade iron deposits are now no longer profitable. The ground water supply is plentiful and a potential asset for industry. The beat aquifers are the unconsolidated deposits and some of the carbonate rocks of the Elbrook and Rome formations. / Ph. D.

A. The alcohol, 10-(4’-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1,2-benzanthracene, was prepared by the reduction or 10-(4’-carboxyphenyl)- 1,2- benzanthracene. The structure or the alcohol was proven by: (1) Ultraviolet spectra (2) Infrared spectra (3) Elementary analysis (4) Preparation or the benzoate B. The preparation of the Grignard reagent of 10-(4’-bromophenyl)-1,2-benzanthracene was unsuccessful. An explanation of this anomaly was not discovered. C. The Grignard reagent or 2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-chloro-benzene was prepared by the use or tetrahydrofuran and "entrainment" with methyl iodide. / M.S.

Ph. D.

Master of Science

The purpose of this investigation was to continue the color reduction study of alum treatment of caustic wash from chlorine bleached kraft pulp, to determine if a double tray Dorr thickener could be used to settle the coagulated waste, and to determine if a centrifugal separator could be used to dewater the sludge from the Dorr underflow. Approximately 5000 gallons of caustic wash from chlorine bleached kraft pulp was used for each phase of this investigation. The raw waste feed flow rate was varied from 1750 pounds per hour to 2499 Pounds per hour. The alum slurry flow rate was varied from 39 Pounds per hour to 60 pounds per hour. The hydrochloric acid flow rate remained constant at approximately five pounds per hour. The raw waste was acidified with 38 percent hydrochloric acid to a pH of 6.0, and treated with alum sulfate slurry to coagulate the solids in the waste. The coagulated solids were concentrated in a double tray Dorr thickener. The percent of insoluble solids in the Dorr underflow varied from 0.65 to 1.35. The concentrated solids were fed to a Merco centrifugal separator where the insoluble solids were concentrated in approximately equal proportions in the Merco overflow and underflow. / Master of Science

La céramique du « Lucanien récent » - désignant la céramique à figures rouges produite en Lucanie à partir des années 360-340 av. J.-C jusqu'à ce qu' A.D. Trendall appelle la «barbarisation» du style, vraisemblablement dans les dernières décennies du IVe siècle av. J .-C. -, n'a fait l'objet d'aucune étude approfondie depuis la classification stylistique proposée par le savant néo-zélandais en 1967. Les zones d'ombres persistantes quant à la localisation et l'articulation de ces ateliers de production, que la seule orientation stylistique ne permet pas d'éclairer, et le grand nombre de vases exhumés récemment en Basilicate et dans la région des Pouilles, nécessitaient la mise en œuvre d'une nouvelle étude. Ce travail de recherche, mené à partir du corpus stylistique initial attribué au Peintre du Primato, dresse un état des lieux et en propose une nouvelle lecture basée sur la pluridisciplinarité des approches, de l'archéologie contextuelle à l'archéologie de la production. Le matériel est envisagé dans ses aspects formel, iconographique, stylistique et technologique, et interprété à la lumière de nouveaux contextes comme réponse à la demande d'une clientèle indigène : de Basilicate. La prise en considération de réalités productives contemporaines, celle du Peintre de Naples 1959 et de ses collaborateurs autour desquels semble s'articuler la fin de la production lucanienne, et celle du Peintre de Lycurgue, peintre apulien avec lequel il a entretenu des liens privilégiés, contribuent à mettre en évidence la spécificité de son langage autant que les réseaux de contacts et d'influences accompagnant la création d'une culture d'atelier. / Since 1967 and New Zealander's A.D. Trendall 's stylistic classification of Late Lucanian vases -designating South-italian red-figure vases produced in Lucania around the second half of the 4th century B.C. until its so-called «barbarization» presumably occuring in the last decades of that same century -this field of research has not expanded. To overcome persistent shadows regarding the location and articulation of these workshops' production and in the face of numerous recent archeological finds in Basilicata and Puglia, this research offers a new awaited methodological study. Multidisciplinary, it encompasses the initial stylistic corpus, an updated inventory, and new approaches informed by contextual archeology and archeology of production. Focusing on late Lucanian vases attributed to the Primato Painter and his colleagues, considered in their formal, iconographic, stylistic, and technological aspects, the scope interprets the established new contexts while responding to a local demand, from italic people of ancient Lucania. The analysis of contemporary productions both Lucanian, with the Painter of Naples 1959 and his followers in an era of decline of Lucanian wares, and Apulian, with the Lycurgus painter from whom the Primato sourced his main inspiration, contributes to highlight the specificities of his “language”, as well as his networks of contacts and influences that accompanied the emerging of a workshop culture.