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Le but de la recherche est d'abord de présenter un aperçu de la théorisation d'Alfred Schütz concernant la science du social. Ce regard s'effectue selon trois angles principaux : la conscience subjective, l'intersubjectivité et les structures du monde de la vie. La démarche tente en premier lieu de cerner les aspects centraux chez Schütz concernant ces trois thématiques générales. Ensuite, la recherche présente certaines influences majeures de l'auteur en rapport avec les concepts développés. Ces influences théoriques consistent entre autres dans le pragmatisme de James, le vitalisme de Bergson, la psychologie de la forme et, surtout, la phénoménologie husserlienne. Pour ce qui est de Husserl, au-delà de l'importance qu'il a eue sur l'œuvre entière de Schütz, il est primordial de présenter en quoi Schütz rompt avec la méthode transcendantale du père de la phénoménologie et quelles sont les raisons qui le poussent à demeurer au niveau proprement empirique pour théoriser le social. Le premier chapitre traite de la conscience subjective. Il sera donc question principalement des processus de typification, du concept d'action sociale, du contexte motivationnel, de la structure temporelle de la conscience, de la réduction phénoménologique et du principe d'aperception. Nous terminerons le chapitre en présentant une limite de l'approche de l'auteur qui semble trop mettre d'emphase sur la sédimentation sociale, en oblitérant la capacité du sujet à « échapper » au déterminisme biographique. Le second chapitre aborde le sujet de l'intersubjectivité. Après avoir présenté les conditions de possibilité de l'interaction sociale chez Schütz, et avoir établi la distinction que l'auteur effectue entre l'interaction indirecte (typique) et la relation du face-à-face, nous démontrerons que la théorisation schützienne permet de fonder une sociologie compréhensive de manière épistémologiquement juste. Cette démonstration se fera à partir d'auteurs inspirés par la démarche de Schütz ou proche de celle-ci (Berger, Luckmann, Turner, Mead, etc.) Par la suite, nous nous concentrerons sur le problème particulier de la constitution originaire de l'alter ego, où l'auteur semble aborder le problème de manière simplement liminaire. Un retour à Husserl à partir de son concept d'empathie sera entrepris. Nous complèterons ensuite avec quelques existentialistes (Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Scheler, etc.), considérant que Schütz s'en remet à l'apriorisme pour expliquer la constitution du phénomène de l'intersubjectivité, sans toutefois développer quant aux implications que cette approche contient (principalement la « nature » de la subjectivité minimale) – ce que les existentialistes abordent plus spécifiquement. Nous terminons en traitant du monde social en général et des structures du monde de la vie en particulier. Les thématiques abordées seront principalement les concepts schütziens de provinces finies de signification, de systèmes de pertinence et de réalité souveraine. Nous retrouverons par la suite le concept-clef de Bergson d'attention à la vie. Ce dernier principe mènera ensuite à une critique importante de Cox, qui considère que c'est justement par l'entremise de cet apport théorique du philosophe français que Schütz a développé une socio-phénoménologie empreinte d'un réalisme ontologique. Nous terminerons en retournant à Husserl au sujet de la sphère anté-prédicative, pour finalement conclure en ouvrant sur la possibilité de traiter de certaines problématiques transcendantales à travers une sociologie d'inspiration phénoménologique. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Alfred Schütz, conscience, typification, action sociale, intersubjectivité, phénoménologie, transcendantal.

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Weber's contribution to the study of social action has been a major influence upon the development of modern sociology but aspects of his approach have been obscured by the process of translation, commentary and evaluation - and in this respect the work of Parsons and to a lesser extent Schutz has been significant. Hence this study aims (a) to clarify the nature of Webens Theory of Action and (b) to determine its contemporary value in comparison with the extension of his ideas by Parsons and Schutz. We examine the interpretation, advanced particularly by Parsons, that Weber's approach to the study of action changed as he became increasingly concerned with the nature of sociological inquiry, and, thereby, moved beyond the problems of historical method. On the basis of a detailed examination of Weber's theoretical and methodological arguments we reject the idea of a break in his thinking about historical and sociological research and this has important implications for some accepted views-on Weber's conception of objectivity, ideal type concepts and understanding. Parsons set out to extend Weber from the perspective of a natural science of society, but his claim to identify a convergence between Durkheim, Pareto and Weber into the Voluntaristic Theory of Action is rejected and the criticisms, which his development of some aspects of Weberts approach have experienced, are sufficient to cast doubts upon the-validity of his General Theory. Schutz formulated a phenomenological critique of Weber's categories of interpretive sociology and sought to establish a philosophically more secure basis for the study of action but, we suggest, his assumptions about the everyday world, allied to his evaluation of Weber's approach, led him to propose an impracticable methodology. Finally, we argue that the contemporary relevance of Weber's Theory of Action can be seen from the way many of the problems involved in the study of action, some of which were identified by the development of the phenomenological perspective, can be solved by recourse to his approach.

As many theorists have pointed out, queer history is often erased within traditional, heteronormative historiography. Consequently, historians cannot recount the gay and lesbian past by conventional techniques of evidence and documentation. Instead they recuperate and reinvent queer history using strategies normally associated with the writing of fiction. This thesis examines three works of late twentieth century lesbian historical fiction that rewrite the past in order to render visible queer intimacy, sexuality, and desire. Jeanette Winterson's The Passion (1987), Sarah Waters' Tipping the Velvet (1998), and Helen Humphreys' Leaving Earth (1997) employ spectacularly visible lesbian heroines who symbolically reverse lesbian invisibility in mainstream historical narratives by displaying themselves as public figures or stage performers. There are ongoing debates in contemporary queer theory and historiography about the extent to which it is politically useful to privilege highly visible individuals when recovering the marginalized gay and lesbian past. Winterson's, Waters', and Humphreys' novels enact this debate, and exemplify a trend in contemporary lesbian historical fiction in which lesbian heroines are empowered by their ability to control their own visibility and to ensure the perpetuation of their history.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis explores the ways in which Cuban identity is expressed, understood, maintained and recreated by Cuban migrants in Sydney and the wider Australian society. Initially, the analysis focuses on some of the most visible ethnic markers used by people outside the Cuban community to recreate Cubanness: politics, through the promotion of Cuba as a ‘socialist paradise’ by leftist Australian organizations and solidarity groups with Cuba; and music and dance, taking as an example the salsa boom in Sydney, and the advertising of Cuba as an exotic tourist destination in Australia. Throughout the work an argument is developed that the very different demographic configuration of Cubans in Australia has fostered a singular praxis of maintaining their identity. In doing so the study examines why politics does not play a primary role in the recreation of Cubanness in Australia, in contrast to numerically larger and higher profile Cuban settlements. Rather, Cubanness in Sydney has centred more in preserving eating habits, memories of Cuba as a place, listening and dancing to Cuban music, and other practices kept in the domestic space. This is achieved through the Cuban migrants’ strategic borrowings from other migrant communities, from food products to people and institutions, such as the Catholic Church being used to maintain the traditional worship of the Virgin of Charity. Finally, the study explores how migrants and outsiders understand the identity of Cubanness in Sydney, and considers the contribution of some major theories of ethnicity and identity to understanding this phenomenon.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis explores the ways in which Cuban identity is expressed, understood, maintained and recreated by Cuban migrants in Sydney and the wider Australian society. Initially, the analysis focuses on some of the most visible ethnic markers used by people outside the Cuban community to recreate Cubanness: politics, through the promotion of Cuba as a ‘socialist paradise’ by leftist Australian organizations and solidarity groups with Cuba; and music and dance, taking as an example the salsa boom in Sydney, and the advertising of Cuba as an exotic tourist destination in Australia. Throughout the work an argument is developed that the very different demographic configuration of Cubans in Australia has fostered a singular praxis of maintaining their identity. In doing so the study examines why politics does not play a primary role in the recreation of Cubanness in Australia, in contrast to numerically larger and higher profile Cuban settlements. Rather, Cubanness in Sydney has centred more in preserving eating habits, memories of Cuba as a place, listening and dancing to Cuban music, and other practices kept in the domestic space. This is achieved through the Cuban migrants’ strategic borrowings from other migrant communities, from food products to people and institutions, such as the Catholic Church being used to maintain the traditional worship of the Virgin of Charity. Finally, the study explores how migrants and outsiders understand the identity of Cubanness in Sydney, and considers the contribution of some major theories of ethnicity and identity to understanding this phenomenon.

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