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The monumental paintings that Canadian artist Attila Richard Lukacs (b. 1962, Edmonton) created while in Berlin (after 1986) focus on the themes of desire, power, masculinity, and eroticism. This focus, however, is not only a representation of what he sees, but is also an attempt to order things to a political and ethical end. Using the major works of Michel Foucault ( The Order of Things, The History of Sexuality), the thesis demonstrates how Where the Finest Young Men... (1987) and Authentic Decor (1988), may be interpreted as achieving a fundamental ordering and representation of desire. In particular, the thesis shows how Lukacs intervenes on existing codes and conventions of culture through heterotopia, and how he articulates political, sexual, and ethical choices through a concept of self-forming ethics. / If one is to situate Lukacs' work within the dynamic of heterotopia, and support the claim that these paintings not only intercede on existing codes and conventions, but also manifest ethical choices, then one ought to read the work against a prior understanding of sexual politics proper to the art historical and socio-political moment of the 1970s. The basis of that historical glance is established through the work of General Idea and notions of sexual identity. The sensuosity and pleasure characteristic of mass media entertainment formats, such as beauty pageants and variety shows, is similar to that featured in much of General Idea's work created throughout the 1970s. Importantly, the aesthetics that General Idea embraces in their brand of performance art increasingly becomes evident at the end of the 1970s, with the emergence of the New Painting. An assessment of the so-called "return of painting from exile"---as it appeared in Italy, Germany, and Canada---considers the output of Lukacs' contemporaries. The intention there is to establish whether a newer focus exists in the work of the late 1970s and early 1980s, which supports the hypothesis that what Lukacs aims to do is to order things to a political and ethical end. Upon setting forth an examination of the framework in which Lukacs appears, the dissertation then presents a highly detailed analysis of Where the Finest Young Men... and Authentic Decor, with particular focus on the function of heterotopia in these works. Finally, an explication of power and ethics in Lukacs is proposed through the later works of Michel Foucault, in order to demonstrate how, teleologically, the paintings operate as political, sexual, and ethical choices.

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In the history of modern Iran, religion and nationalism often converge to bring about social and political change. The people of the bazaar and the religious leaders, who consistently supported each other on many important occasions, joined forces with the intelligensia to bring about change. This alliance was dissolved after the accomplishment of the original goal. This configuration came into existence during the Constitutional Revolution of 1906 and at the time of the movement to nationalize the oil industry. During 1951-1953, under the umbrella of the National Front, the intelligensia, led by Dr. Muhammad Musaddiq, along with the merchants and religious leaders under Ayatullah Kashani, formed an alliance to implement nationalist economic policies. In this instance, too, the alliance did not last long, especially as it threatened the interests of the major powers.

E. E. Cummings' reputation as America's pre-eminent avant-garde poet obscures his significant use of schemes and tropes in his traditional and free verse poems. Because of his influence as a sonneteer and lyricist, his poetics constitute an important facet of our modern definition of poetry. However, he did not formulate a coherent statement of his aesthetic theories. Therefore, inductive research is necessary to define "the necessary anything"--those elements which Cummings' practice indicates are essentially poetic.Cummings' traditional poems include his "Epithalamion," ballade-derivations, and a large body of sonnets. All of his sonnets are fourteen lines long; and most maintain line lengths of approximately ten syllables; follow rhyme schemes based on five, six, or seven rhymes; and adhere to traditional rhetorical patterns of development. Deviations from the prescribed scheme include experimental rhymes and rhyme schemes, metrical and rhetorical variations, and a wide variety of subjects and themes. Freedom to deviate from prescribed forms renders the choice to use traditional schemes and tropes significant. Cummings elects to use meter, rhyme, allusion, allegory, personification, metaphor, simile, irony, paradox, onomatopoeia, and economy in his sonnets and free verse.Besides esoteric typography and innovative syntax, half-rhyme and rhetorically significant rhyme and metrical patterns are his trademarks. Additionally, this study demonstrates that Cummings' typography is generally organic and that his aesthetic theories are grounded in the modern romantic movement. While innovation is primary in Cummings' poetics, traditional schemes and tropes are highly significant in the composition and artistic achievement of his poetry. In Cummings' poetry, "the necessary anything" is a product of his formal education in classical and contemporary literatures and his eccentric invention. / Department of English